5.1 Relating Fractions, Decimals, and Percents Percent Percent means out of 100. Ex.

67 % means 67 out of 100 48 % means 48 out of 100.

Changing from a percent to a decimal You divide the number by 100 or move the decimal two places to the left and take away the % sign. Ex 1) 25 % = 0.25 Ex 2) 155 % = 1.55 Ex 3) 0.4 %= 0.004

Changing from a percent to a fraction Put the number over 100. Reduce fraction if possible. Remember there are no decimals in fractions so move your decimal accordingly. Ex. Change the following percents into fractions

65 13 100 20 167 167 . 2) 167% . 100 1000 1 5.5 55 11 3) 5 % 5.5% 2 100 1000 200
1)

65%

Changing from a decimal to a percent You multiply the number by 100 or move the decimal two places to the right and put in a % sign. Ex 1) 0.65 = 65 % Ex 2) 0.785 = 78.5 % Ex 3) 0.003 = 0.3 %

Changing from a decimal to a fraction Put the number over the place value of the last digit. Reduce your answer. Note: At this point you are expected to recognise the fractions for some repeating decimals. Ex. 1) 2) 3) Change the following decimals to fractions.

0.125

125 1 1000 8 8 4 0.8 10 5 2 0. 6 3

Changing from a fraction to a decimal Divide the numerator by the denominator (Put the top number into the calculator first). You may get a terminating decimal (decimal that stop) or a repeating decimal (decimal that repeats) Ex. 1) 2) Change the following fractions into decimals.

3 3 8 0.375This is a terminating decimal 8 1 0.16 This is a repeating decimal because the 6 repeats. 6

Changing from a fraction to a percent 1) 2) Change the fraction to a decimal by diving the numerator into the denominator. Change the decimal into a percent by multiplying the number by 100 (or moving decimals 2 places to the right). Change the following fractions into percents.

Ex. 1)
2)

3 3 4 0.75 75% 4
2 2 3 0. 6 66. 6% 3

Assign Worksheet

Representing percents using grids You can use a hundred chart, 10 x 10 grid to represent percents. The entire grid represents 100% and each small square represents 1%. Shade the correct number of blocks to represent the percent. Ex) Use a hundred chart to represent each percent: 1) 67% 2) 24%

Shade 67 out of the 100 blocks

Shade 24 out of 100 blocks

Sometimes you have fractional percents and will need to use the hundredths grid. Ex) 1) Use charts to represent the following percents: 30.15%

2)

0.28%

For percents greater than 100, you will have to use more than one hundreds grid Ex) Use hundreds grids to represent the 240%.

Assign Worksheet and pages 239-241 #s 6-21

5.2 Calculating Percents To find a percent of a number you change the percent to a decimal and multiply the two numbers. Ex 1) 15 % of 58 = 0.15 x 58 = 8.7 Ex 2) 7 % of 459 = 0.07 x 459 = 32.13 Ex 3) 150 % of 5600 = 1.5 x 5600 = 8400

Ex 4) In a class of 25 students, 12% of the students got higher than 80 on the test. How many students got higher than 80 on the test?

12% of 25 012 25 . 3
Three students got higher than 80 on the test. Assign page 246-247 #s 4-19

5.3 Solving Percent Problems There are three types of percent problems: 1) Given the whole and the percent, find part of the whole. Ex) What number is 5% of 65 2) Given the whole and part of the whole, find the percent Ex) What percent is 16 out of 25? Given the percent and part of the whole, find the whole. Ex) 6% of what number is 18?

3)

Previous work has dealt with the first two types. There are two methods to solve the second type. In each method you will be finding the whole or 100%

1) Number Line Method This method works best when percentages are easily divided such as 10%, 20%, 25% or 50%. Ex) 25% of what number is 80%?

2) The 1% Method Find out 1% of the number by dividing the two numbers. Multiply this number by 100. Ex) 8% of what number is 72?

Since 8% of the number is 72, then 1% of the number is 72 8 = 9. 100% of the number is 100 9 = 900 The number is 900. Assign pages 252-253 #s 3,4, 7

Percent of Increase or Decrease

To find a percent of increase or decrease 1) Find the amount of the increase or decrease by subtracting the two numbers. 2) You divide this amount by the original amount. 3) Change this decimal into a percent by multiplying by 100 Example # 1 Last year the local junior high school had 215 students. This year the enrollment is up to 230 students. Find the percent of increase to the nearest tenth. % of increase = Amount of increase X 100 Original Amount

230 215 100 215 15 100 215 7%

The increase is 7% Example #2 In 1990 the total profits of Canadas big six banks was $3.6 billion. In 1992 the profits dropped to $1.6 billion. Find the percent of decrease.

% of decrease = Amount of decrease X 100 Original Amount

3.6 1.6 100 3 .6 2 100 3 .6 55. 5 %

The decrease is 55.6 % Assign Worksheet or pages 253-255 #s 5, 6, 8, 9, 11

5.4 Sales Tax and Discount Sales Tax Sales tax is charged by the federal and provincial governments. The three types are GST, PST and HST. Canadian provinces charges different sales tax rates. (See table on page 256). Sales tax is added to the price of an item. Ex 1) An item costs $59.99. How much would you pay for the item in: A) Newfoundland & Labrador? B) Manitoba? A) Tax rate in NL is 14% HST.
sales tax 14% $59.99 0.14 59.99 8.3986 $8.40

total price $59.99 $8.40 $68.39

Price in NL would be $68.39. B) Tax rate in Man is 7% PST and 6% GST.

PST 7% $59.99 0.07 $59.99 4.1993 $4.20 GST 6% $59.99 0.06 $59.99 5.5994 $5.60

total price $59.99 $4.20 $5.60 $69.79

Price in Manitoba would be $69.79.

Discounts Discounts are offered by business to attract customers. It makes an item less expensive. To determine the sale price of an item, you calculate the amount of the discount, and then subtract it from the selling price. Sales tax is calculated on the discounted price. Ex 1) The discount rate on a stereo selling for $589.99 is 20%. A) What is the sale price of the item?

Discount

20% 589.99 589.99 0 .20 117.998 $118.00

Sale price =

$58999 118 $47199 . .

B)

How much would the stereo cost in Alberta

Tax rate in Alberta is 6% GST

GST 6% $471.99 0.06 $471.99 28.3194 $28.32

Final price $471.99 $28.32 $500.31

The stereo would cost $500.31 Show students the complement methods also Assign pages 260-262 #s 4-20

5.5 Exploring Ratios A ratio is a comparison of quantities that have the same units. The order of the words in the sentence is the same as the order of the numbers in a ratio. Ratios can have two or more terms. Two types of two term ratios 1) part to part: Compares part of a group to another part of a group. It does not make sense to change these to fractions or percents since the denominator of a fraction is the whole amount. part to whole: Compares part of a group to the whole group. These can be changed to fractions and percents. A bag contains b blue, 6 red and 3 yellow counters. Write each of he following ratios and when possible, change to a fraction and percent. 1) 2) 3) 4) Blue to Yellow Yellow to Red Red to Total Red to Yellow to Blue 8:2 2:6 or or 4:1 1:3

2)

Ex)

6: 16 or 6 : 2: 8

3:8

3 37.5% 8
or 3: 1: 4

Assign pages 266-268 #s 4-17

5.6 Equivalent Ratios Equivalent Ratios are ratios that are equal. They can be formed by multiplying or dividing each term of the ratio by the same number. Ex) Write three equivalent ratios for the following ratio: 3:5 = 32: 52 = 6:10 = 34: 54 = 12:20 = 35: 55 = 15: 25 To write a ratio in simplest terms you divide each term by the GCF. Ex) 1) 2) Write each of the following in simplest terms: 12:16 = 12 4: 16 4= 3:4 3: 6: 9 = 33: 63: 93=1:2:3

You can use equivalent ratios to find missing terms in a ratio. Ex) 1) Find the missing term:

5:12 : 48 3: : 5 33: 44: 55

In this ratio each term was multiplied by 4, so missing term is 54 =20 In this ratio each term was multiplied by 11, so missing term is 4411=4

2)

Assign pages 278-278 #s 5-18

5.7 Comparing Ratios Do Lemonade Activity with students. Consider the Following: Recipe 1 for juice uses 2 cans of concentrate and 3 cans of water. Recipe 2 uses 7 cans of concentrate and 9 cans of water. Which recipe makes stronger juice? Ways to compare ratios: 1) Make the first term 1: Recipe 1 2:3=22:32 = 1 : 1.5 Recipe 2 7:9=77:97 = 1: 1.29

Recipe 2 is stronger since it uses less water for 1 can of concentrate. 2) Make the second term 1: Recipe 1 2:3=23:33 = 0.667 : 1 Recipe 2 7 : 9 = 7 9: 9 9 = 0.778 : 1

Recipe 2 is stronger since it uses more concentrate for 1 can of water. 3) Use equivalent ratios: Recipe 1 Recipe 2 2 : 3 = 4 : 6 = 6 : 9 = 8 : 12 7: 9 = 14 :18 = 21 : 27

For 9 cans of water, recipe 1 uses 6 cans of concentrate while recipe 2 uses 7 cans. Therefore recipe 2 is stronger. 4) Use percents by writing part to whole ratios Recipe 1 Recipe 2

2 40% 5 7 7: 9 uses 7 cans of concentrate for 9 cans of water 7 :16 43.75% 16

2 : 3 uses 2 cans of concentrate for 5 cans of water 2 : 5

Recipe 2 contains a greater percentage of concentrate so it is stronger. Assign pages 284-285 #s 4-16

5.8 Solving Ratio Problems Proportion is two equivalent ratios or fractions.

Ex)

3 6 5 10

Remember to find equivalent ratios you multiply or divide each number by the same number. You can apply this concept to find the missing terms in a proportion.

Ex 1)

3 8 24
33 9 8 3 24

Ex 2)

12 3 16

12 4 3 16 4 4

Not all problems will work out as nicely. To solve those you can use cross multiplication.

Ex 3)

4 3 9 y 4 y 9 ( 3) 4 y 27 27 y 4 y 6 .75

Ex 4)

12 y 16 24 12( 24) 16 y 288 16 y 288 y 16 18 y

Note: Always divide by the number ib front of the variable

Word Problems and Proportions When solving word problems involving proportions, always write what you are comparing in words before you set up te proportion. It makes organizing the proportion easier. Ex 1) A tree 30 m high casts a 40 m shadow. What is the height of a tree whose shadow is 100 m long? Ex 2 ) At Riverdale High there are 2 boys For every 3 girls. If there are 948 Girls, How many boys attend?

tree shadow

30 t 40 100 3000 40t 3000 t 40 75 t

The tree is 75 m tall.

boys 2 b girls 3 948 1896 3b 1896 b 3 632 b

There are 632 boys at Riverdale.

Ex 3) Sherry bought 8 pens for herself and 12 pens for her friend. Altogether she spent $10.50. How much does her friend owe her?

Ex 4) Micheal drove his skidoo at a speed of 80 km/h. At this speed how long would it take him to travel 100 km?

money pens

$10.50 f 20 12 $126 20 f $126 f 20 $6.30 f

km h

80 100 1 t 80t 100 100 t 80 t 1.25

Her friend owes her $6.30 Assign pages 291-293 #s 4-20

It would take him 1.25 hours.

5.9 Exploring Rates A ratio compares two or more quantities in the same units. Ex ) 2 boys : 3 girls

A rate compares two or more quantities in different units. Ex 200 km in 2 hours, $4.99 for 5 kg

Note: When writing rates, distance or money is on the top and time or quantity is on the bottom. Unit rate is the quantity associated with one unit of another quantity. (The bottom number is 1.) Ex 1) 2) 90 km /h $0.19/g means 90 km in 1 hour means 19 cents for 1 gram

You can also use unit rates to solve word problems that involve proportions. Ex 1) If 10 bars cost $2.19, how much would 18 bars cost? Unit price. $2.19 10 $0.219/bar So 18 bars will cost 18 0.219 3.942 $3.94 . Ex 2) Jerry bought 188 g of nuts for $2.61. At this price how much would 450 g cost? Unit price...... $2.61 188 $0.01388/ g So 450 grams would cost....... 450 0.01388 $6.25 Note: Dont round too early or your answer will be off. Keep the number in the calculator when doing calculations. Assign pages 298-299 #s 4-20
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