Work specialization Departmentalization Chain of command Span of control Centralization and decentralization Formalization

In a world where every one can be connected, we take a very human approach to technology Nokia.com said. Nokia starts its introduction to the global market by that statement as vision to get people always connected. Nokia is the worlds largest and leading manufacturer of mobile telephones and network equipments, which owns an approximately 36% of the global market share. The competition and the fighting for the top spot in cell phones supplier are the goals where of the value proposition is set. Nokia believed that its business processes, strategies, structure, organization management, and culture and environment drivers are leading to one of the best information systems ever implemented.

NOKIA Nokia is the market leader of mobile industry in India. Nokia is multinationalcompany. So we can get knowledge that how one multinational company handlestheir corporate culture. The second main reason for chosen this company is that Ihave given my one assignment on the corporate culture of Nokia. So I am wellaware about the corporate culture of Nokia. The other reason for chosen this company is that we want to know that that how inmultinational company, culture is conducive to organization. Nokia is also wellknown company in corporate world for their corporate culture. So because of above reason I have chosen Nokia company- to know about whatmanifestation of corporate culture in Nokia company they have and how itconducive to organization. . The name Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town of thesame name (Nokia). The town and river are named after a small black marsupialfound in the early 19s

WHAT MANIFESTATION OF CULTURE DID YOU FIND THEIR? CORPORATE CULTURE

Corporate culture is the total sum of the values, customs, traditions and meanings that make a company unique.Corporate culture is often called "the character of anorganization" since it embodies the vision of the companys founders. The valuesof a corporate culture influence the ethical standards within a corporation, as wellas managerial behavior. Corporate culture of Nokia Nokia India Head Office: Nokia India Pvt. Ltd. SP Info city, Industrial Plot no. 243 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1, Dundahera, Gurgaon, Haryana -122016. India Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto- The Nokia Way- emphasizes the speed and flexibility of decision-making in a flat, networked organization,although the corporation's size necessarily imposes a certain amount ofbureaucracy. The official business language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is used in official intra-company spoken communication and email. Until May 2007, the Nokia Values wereCustomer Satisfaction, Respect, Achievement, and Renewal. In May 2007, Nokia redefined its values after initiating a series of discussions worldwide as towhat the new values of the company should be. Based on the employeesuggestions, the new values were defined as

Engaging You, Achieving Together, and Passion for Innovation and Very Human. Flexibility of decision making Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia Way, emphasizes speed and flexibility of decision making in a flat, networked organization. Equal opportunities and openness Equal opportunities and openness are also stressed, along with managementleadership and employee participation. Nokia is a progressive

and forward-thinking mobile technology group spending millions on research and developmentand priding itself on being "first to market" with new applications. Among Nokians regardless of location Nokia Values are listed as:Customer Satisfaction. NOKIA SLOGAN AND RING TONE The "Special" tone available to users of Nokia phones when receiving SMS (textmessages) is actually Morse code for "SMS". Similarly, the "Ascending" SMS toneis Morse code for "Connecting People," Nokia's slogan. The ringtone "NokiaTune" (probably the world's most well-known ringtone) is actually based on a19th-century guitar work named "Gran Vals" by Spanish musician FranciscoTarrega. The Nokia Tune was originally named "Gran Vals" on Nokia phones The proper pronunciation of "Nokia" according to Finnish phonology is ['nokia],with stress on the first syllable, and all vowels in the name being short andunreduced there are no schwas ("a" [] or "uh" []). This creates problems forsome, especially English speakers , who replace the vowels with schwas, as there are no direct equivalents to the Finnish short CULTIVATING CORPORATE CULTURE Nokia corporate culture is one of the company's strategic and competitiveadvantages. Even the company's catch phrase, `Connecting People', is symbolic ofthe culture, and helps define the purpose of its physical facilities. The company'sbuildings feature lots of natural wood, large windows, warm colors and fabrics,open floor plans, pedestrian bridges, game/recreation areas, fitness centers and saunas. The physical beauty and climate of Finland was to be reflected in Nokia's newcorporate facility through the use of natural wood materials for interior spaces,fountains, waterfalls and reflecting ponds, as well as the use of natural light. IS THIS CULTURE CONDUCIVE TO ORGANISATION OR NOT? JUSTIFY. Its mean is this culture helpful for organization to achieve their goal or not. If we see this corporate culture that is about Nokias official corporate culture manifesto, the Nokia way.

It is emphasizes the speed and flexibility of decision-making in a flat, networked organization Nokia. Official language is English which gives similarity to all employees and their work. They redefined their values for customer which gives them uniqueness. Engaging You, Achieving Together, and Passion for Innovation and Very Human. Equal opportunities and openness are also stressed, along with management leadership and employee participation. So these all factor are helpful for organization growth. Nokia have well maintained corporate culture. By using all above facts thats help Nokia company to grow So we can say that the corporate culture that is using by NokiaCompany isconducive to organization. This corporate culture is really helpful in growing orachieving their goal. How do you communicate with the general public about theenvironmental performance of your products? What is the impact ofsuch environmental communication on your company's sales? For a company like Nokia with a global outreach, and One of the brands most valued by consumers worldwide, Environmental responsibility is an integral part of the Company image. We use several channels and our main tool is our Environmental Internet site at http://www.nokia.com/A4197009. Nokias environmental communication is based on facts and proofs of our work and achievements, as well as increasing consumerawareness of key environmental issues such as the proper recycling of used devices And in the future, what is Nokias view on environmental issues? Environmental issues will continue to increase in importance. In the long run, onlyresponsible companies and brands will succeed. Information andCommunicationTechnology and mobile technology can also be used to combat climate change.For instance replacing travelling by videoconference or

loading music from theWeb instead of buying physicalCDs, which are produced, packed, stored andtransported. This can make a difference to energy and material consumption. Notonly Nokia but also mobile phone users can make a big difference through theirown, individual choices. In the field of sustainable development, what is the generalapproach of Nokia? Does India, the nationality of your company,inspire your policy? Sustainability is integrated into all Nokia's business activities. As a leadingtelecommunications company, Nokia has a lot of responsibility, and our aim is tobe a leader in environmental performance.. Nokias environmental activities arebased on a life-cycle approach, taking into account the environmental impact ofour products from structure to important.. The key focus areas are materialmanagement, energy efficiency and take back & recycling. The company's roots inIndia give a solid basis to our environmental management, and are deeplyembedded in Nokias corporate culture and values

1. What is it about Nokia that people within the company - and outside of it - most admire?
People tend to be attracted to our distinct way of operating and clear values of customer satisfaction, respect, achievement and renewal. In addition, despite our size, Nokia's management structure is not excessively hierarchical. We aim to provide a platform for personal growth through value-based leadership. Respect for individual qualities, as well as a willingness to work together in a constructive, positive, even enjoyable, way are all essential for high-quality results.

2. How is the management of Nokia orientated: team Nokia or one-man-show?

Nokia's success so far has been very much a team effort. Our management environment nurtures discussion and openness as well as encouraging entrepreneurism and risk-taking. At Nokia one is allowed to make mistakes. Furthermore, if mistakes are made early enough we can learn from them, and even turn them around to our advantage.

3. One of the greatest challenges is maintaining an innovative edge as a company grows. How has
Nokia handled this challenge? Key to maintaining an innovative edge are speed and flexibility in decision making, with decisions being made as close to the frontline as possible, ie by those most knowlegable in any given situation. In addition the company believes in equal opportunity and openness towards people and new ideas. It is also noteworthy that job rotation is strongly encouraged even at very senior levels. Back to top

4. How has Finland developed its world leadership in the IT field?

The sector has grown quickly due to early liberalization of the telecom industry, decentralized structure of the operators (there were, for example, 800 operators in the 1930s, this was reduced to some 50 by the mid1990s). Finns have always readily accepted modern and innovative technologies. Finnish government set up TEKES in 80s, since then, the R&D input in Finland has grown steadily to more

than 3% of GDP, which is one of the top in the world. With the industry growing dramatically, venture capital has also been crucial for small and mid-sized high-tech startups and the Finnish government has taken an active role in helping create the right kind of financial instruments.

5. Is Nokia the only player in the Finnish IT industry?

Nokia is the dominant player but certainly not the only one. Nokia has become a major multinational company, which invests heavily in R&D and conducts a large share of its research in Finland. But more than just Nokia, there are now hundreds and hundreds of small and medium-sized fast growing companies in the so-called Finnish ICT cluster. Many of them are Nokia suppliers (about 300) and partners or have their roots in ICT-related know-how. Inter-firm networking and activities produce knowledge spillovers and technology transfer. These interdependent organizations develop into a cluster, which becomes more than the sum total of its parts. With technology spillovers come self-reinforcing advantages, such as the accumulation of knowledge and human capital in a specific area.

6. What about cross border interaction and global networking?

Nokia was the first company in Finland to aggressively hire foreigners and bring them in. Finland is now seen as a very good learning ground for all foreign talent wanting to break into the IT industry. Many foreign firms have entered the Finnish ICT cluster either by acquiring technology firms or opening their own branches in Finland. For some, their Finnish subsidiaries have become training grounds from which employees are sent to other units to pass on new technologies, particularly in wireless communications. This is backed by Finland's reputation for having excellent cutting edge R&D facilities and high technological expertise.

7. How many people does Nokia employ worldwide?

At the end of 2003, Nokia employed 51,359 people worldwide (51,748 at year-end 2002). Back to top

8. Is spinning off necessary / inevitable?

In the early 90's we decided to use our know-how to our best advantage by putting our sole focus on telecommunications. In 2000, with the divestiture of Nokia Display Products, we completed this streamlining process to become a pure telecom-oriented global play. It is worth noting that all the companies Nokia has divested have either continued independently with success or have become part of larger companies and organizations that specialize in the relevant fields.

9. What role does research and development play?

Sustainable innovation means investing in research and development. During 2003, Nokia increased its R&D spending to EUR 3.8 billion (12.8% of net sales). At the end of 2003, Nokia employed 19,800 people in the area of R&D, representing 39% of the company's total workforce. Back to top

10. Recently stakeholders have begun to put more emphasis on corporate responsibility. In what ways
does Nokia make a sustainable and positive contribution to society? If we want to be successful in the future, we have to take our responsibilities seriously. It makes business sense to have sound company ethics. We want to look after the markets we operate in, anticipate risks; to demonstrate the company values; build brand and reputation and improve efficiency. Nokia now participates in several international initiatives, such as those of Global Compact, UN ICT Task Force, International Youth Foundation, World Business Council for Sustainable Development, and WWF. We are also influencing a range of communication channels to explore ethical issues with both internal and external stakeholders. As a result of this work in economic, environmental and social issues, and increased transparency in reporting, we have been included in SRI (Socially Responsible Investment) benchmarks, such as Dow

Jones Sustainability Indices and FTSE4Good.

11. Specifically what is Nokia doing in the area of citizenship?

Nokia is committed to having a positive impact on society that extends beyond the advanced technology, products and services that we create. Through our partnership with IYF and other regional philanthropic and social responsibility programs, the company prepares young people to embrace opportunities and possibilities created by the global economy and new technological advancements. In 2003, the Make a Connection program, Nokia's youth development program with IYF, was extended from 12 to 16 countries, and more than 100,000 young people have so far participated in the program. Helping young people create their own place in the world is a natural outgrowth of Nokia's vision and values. Extending the Make a Connection program is one new way to give young people an opportunity to make a difference in their own lives and their communities.

NOKIA STRUCTURE
Our organizational structure is designed to position us for a world where the mobile device, the Internet and the computer are fusing together. Our Devices unit is responsible for developing and managing our portfolio of mobile devices, which we make for all major consumer segments. Services designs and develops Internet services that enrich the experience people have with their mobile devices and the web. Messaging, music, maps, media as well as Ovi developer tools are key focus areas as we continue to expand our services offering to consumers and create opportunities for developers and content providers. Solutions is responsible for driving Nokia's offering of solutions, where the mobile device, personalized services and content are integrated into a unique and compelling package for the consumer. The unit is tasked with concepting and creating such solutions. Markets manages our supply chains, sales channels, brand and marketing activities and is responsible for delivering our devices, services and solutions to the consumer. Corporate Development provides operational support toDevices, Services, Solutions and Markets, and is also responsible for exploring corporate strategic and future growth opportunities. Nokia Siemens Networks provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers. NAVTEQ is a leading provider of comprehensive digital map data for automotive navigation systems, mobile navigation devices, Internet-based mapping applications, and government and business solutions. NAVTEQ's map data will be an important part of the Nokia Maps service that brings downloadable maps, voice-guided navigation and other context-aware web services to people's pockets.

NOKIA CODE OF CONDUCT

Our aspiration to be the worlds most loved and admired brand can only be achieved by considering not just what we do but how we do it. It requires us to strictly adhere to laws and regulations and to go beyond this, by setting our goals much higher. We want to be the leader in ethical business conduct. The Nokia Code of Conduct sets our approach to ethical business practice. It outlines our commitment to respect and promote human rights and fair workplace practices, equal opportunities, environmentally sustainable business, and our zero-tolerance policy on bribery and corruption. The Nokia Code of Conduct, which was first introduced in 1997, has had its latest renewal in 2009. We apply the Code of Conduct globally in our own operations and require the same standards from our suppliers. All Nokia employees must understand and comply with the Code of Conduct.

Privacy policy for Nokia's recruitment related activities

Nokia Corporation, including its wholly-owned affiliates, (together referred as "Nokia") is committed to respecting your privacy and to complying with applicable data protection and privacy laws. This Privacy Policy, applicable for the collection and automated or otherwise structured processing of personal data in connection with Nokia`s recruitment activities, has been posted and is effective as of August 15 2007. Throughout this Policy "Personal Data" means information relating to an identified or identifiable individual (i.e. a natural person). "Nokia website" refers to a website to which this Policy is incorporated by reference. Nokia may have other websites with other privacy policies that apply to such websites. In case you visit such websites, Nokia recommends you read the privacy policies therein. Also, A Nokia website may contain links to other companies` sites that have privacy policies of their own. We recommend that you read the privacy policies of such sites. Please note that Nokia is not responsible for the privacy practices or contents of any such sites. We hope that this Policy helps you understand what kind of personal data we collect at this Nokia website and how we handle and use any such personal data after collection. 1. Controller of personal data and contact information Nokia Corporation of Keilalahdentie 4, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland is the Controller of your personal data. In matters pertaining to this Policy, you may contact Nokia by using the following contact information: Nokia Corporation Resourcing and Employment Keilalahdentie 4 FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland 2. Collection and use of personal data Nokia collects personal data directly from the applicants as well as, subject to your consent, from public sources for example the internet. Nokia may also conduct background checks and assessments for the applicants subject to the requirements arising from applicable local legislation. Nokia collects your personal data for the purposes of managing Nokia`s recruitment related activities as well as for organizational planning purposes globally. Consequently, Nokia may use your personal data in relation to the evaluation and selection of applicants including for example setting up and conducting interviews and tests, evaluating and assessing the results thereto and as is otherwise needed in the recruitment processes including the final recruitment. Nokia may create statistics based on your personal data and use your personal data for research purposes, for example to analyse the quality and volumes of applications received. Nokia may use your personal data to communicate with you, for example to enquire for additional information, to inform you about vacancies or to provide you with information relating to your application as well as to fulfill your requests. Your personal data may also be used to comply with legal and regulatory requirements. Nokia collects personal data for above purposes of both internal and external applicants. The categories of data collected include e.g. contact information, such as your name, street address, telephone number and email ad-dress; your CV/resume; your Preferences, such as preferred country of employment, areas of interest as well as your preferred ways to be contacted by Nokia; your Competences and Skills; as well as your Work Experience and Educational background. Nokia collects information on the modifications to Candidate Profiles. Furthermore Nokia may store information found from public sources as well as information related to background checks. Nokia also collects information relating to your user identity, such as user names, passwords and other such information used in connection with authenticating you. For the most part, you may visit a Nokia website without having to tell Nokia who you are. Please note, however, that your web browser will generally provide Nokia with certain information, such as IP-addresses, languages, ac-cess times, details of the website you linked from, information about the devices used in the communication along with other such technical information which may be personally identifiable. Such technical information may be used to keep track of the webpages you are visiting from, the links you use, the adbanners and other similar content you viewed along with other actions you may have taken in Nokia websites. Such technical information may also be used to develop and improve Nokia websites. Please also see section 6. on the use of "Cookies" below.

If there has been no recent activity on your information, it will be removed from the database after reasonable time in compliance with local legislation. 3. Regular Disclosures of Your Personal Data Nokia does not sell, lease, rent or otherwise disclose your personal data to unauthorized third parties without your consent. However, Nokia may transfer and/or disclose your personal data between other companies belonging to the same group of companies with Nokia in connection with processing personal data for purpose(s) for which it was col-lected. Nokia may also make use of third parties to process personal data on its behalf for the purposes described in this Policy. Nokia is a global organization having affiliates, business processes, management structures, and technical sys-tems that cross national borders. This being the case, Nokia may use resources and servers located in various countries around the world as described above, including the United States of America. Accordingly, your personal data may be transferred outside the country where you use a Nokia website or otherwise provide Nokia with your personal data. This includes countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) that do not have laws that provide specific protection for personal data where you may have fewer legal rights. However, Nokia endeavours to implement its privacy practices so that all processing of your personal data is conducted in accordance with this Policy. If Nokia decides to sell, buy, merge or otherwise reorganize its businesses in some countries, this may involve it disclosing personal data to prospective or actual purchasers, or receiving it from sellers, or their advisers. Your personal data may be disclosed or otherwise accessed as is required by mandatory legislation. Such disclosures or access may include disclosure of your personal data to or access by e.g. law enforcement agencies in the countries Nokia or its subcontractors and agents operate as well as in the countries through which your per-sonal data has been transferred according to this Policy. 4. Data Quality Nokia aims to keep your personal data accurate and up-to-date and to delete out of date or otherwise incorrect or unnecessary personal data. Nokia would like to remind you that it is your responsibility to provide Nokia with correct and relevant information as well as to update the personal data you have provided Nokia with in case of any changes. Nokia encourages you to access your details from time to time to ensure that they are correct and up-to-date. To the extent permitted by applicable legislation and subject to your consent, Nokia may use public sources in order to verify that personal data we possess is correct. 5. Information Security While there are always risks associated with providing personal data, whether in person, by phone or via the inter-net or other technologies, and no system of technology is completely safe or "tamper"/"hacker" proof, Nokia en-deavours to use appropriate measures (having regard also to the nature of the personal data involved) to prevent and minimise such risks in connection with your use of our products and services. Such measures include, where appropriate, the use of firewalls, secure server facilities, encryption, implementing of proper access rights management systems and processes, careful selection of processors and other technically and commercially reasonable measures to provide appropriate protection for your personal data against unauthor-ised use or disclosure. Nokia may also take appropriate back-up copies and use other such means to prevent the accidental damage or destruction to your personal data and to ensure that our services are functioning properly. Nokia uses encryption technology when collecting certain financial personal data such as credit card information. If a particular part of a Nokia website supports on-line transactions, we will use an industry standard security meas-ure, such as the one available through "Secure Sockets Layer" ("SSL"), to protect the confidentiality and security of online transactions. 6. Visitor Identification - Usage of "Cookies" From time to time when you visit a Nokia website, information may be placed on your computer to allow Nokia to recognise you. This information is commonly in the form of a text file known as "cookie". Cookies are small pieces of data stored on your computer's hard drive, rather than on this website. Typically, they enable collection of certain information about your computer, including your internet protocol (IP) address, your computer's operating system, your browser type and the address of any referring sites.

Nokia`s use of cookies is intended to provide benefits to you, such as eliminating the need for you to enter your password frequently during a session. Also, by showing Nokia how and when visitors use Nokia websites, the use of cookies allows Nokia to continue to improve the sites. If you do not wish to receive cookies, or want to be notified before they are placed, you may set your web browser to do so, if your browser so permits. For example, if your are using Microsoft Explorer 6 as your browser, to set your cookie options, choose "Tools/Internet Options", and select the Privacy tab, then, select one of the six cookie settings. Please understand that if cookies are turned off, you may not be able to view certain parts of a Nokia website that may enhance your visit. Some of Nokia`s business partners whose content is linked to or from a Nokia website may also use cookies. However, Nokia has no access to or control over these cookies. Nokia websites also makes use of cookies for website traffic analysis and anonymous demographic profiling. 7. Your Rights as an Individual As an individual about whom Nokia processes personal data you have the right, as appropriate and subject to possible restrictions and other provisions arising from applicable national legislation; to obtain confirmation as to whether or not personal data concerning you exists in Nokia systems and communication of such personal data in understandable form. Nokia may have a right, subject to provisions in the applicable national legislation, collect a fee for the costs and expenses actually incurred in relation to providing you with the said information; to obtain erasure, blocking or rectification of incorrect, incomplete or otherwise inaccurate personal data or, if relevant, integration of personal data; to obtain the erasure, anonymisation or blocking of personal data that have been processed unlawfully; to object, in whole or in part, on legitimate grounds, to the processing of personal data in some cases, however, this may also mean the termination of your application or other relationship with Nokia; to object to the processing of personal data, where it is carried out for the purpose of sending advertising materials or direct selling or else for the performance of market or commercial communication surveys. Nokia would like to remind you that for the most part you may exercise your rights by managing your candidate profile. Insofar and to the extent such profile management does not facilitate the compliance with your rights as set out in this Policy, you may exercise your rights by contacting us through the contact address described in section 1 of this Policy. Nokia may from time to time change this Policy or change, modify or withdraw access to this site at any time with or without notice. However, if this Policy is changed in a material, adverse way, Nokia will post a notice advising of such change at the beginning of this Policy and on the Nokia web site's home page for 30 days or otherwise endeavors to inform you of such a change. Nokia recommends that you re-visit this Policy from time to time to learn of any such changes to this Policy.

Supply chain

At Nokia, we work hard to anticipate risk, demonstrate company values, enhance our governance practices, increase employee satisfaction, and look after the environment and communities where we do business. We expect the companies in our supplier network to take a similar ethical business approach and to demonstrate progress and achievements in these areas as well as in educating and overseeing the practices of their own suppliers. Our aim is to ensure that environmental, ethical, and health and safety issues, as well as labor practices, are not separate add-on features, but are embedded within all our sourcing processes, including supplier selection and relationship development. This section provides information on our requirements, supplier performance and support we provide.

Our approach

At Nokia we feel that sound environmental and social principles are an important part of sustaining a successful and responsible business

Industry collaboration

As well as working with our own suppliers, it is important that we also look at supply chain issues from an industry perspective

Mining of metals from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Even though Nokia does not source or buy metals directly, we are very concerned about poor practices at some mine operations around the world. We require high ethical standards in our own operations and our supply chain. If we find that standards are not being met we do not walk away but work with that supplier to address the issues and in so doing help to raise overall standards. Mining activities that fuel conflict or benefit militant groups are unacceptable. Nokia became aware of the potential link between mining of Coltan and financing of the conflict in the Democatic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2001 and took action immediately. Coltan is an ore that contains Tantalum, which is a material used in many consumer electronics products. Based on Nokia Substance List 2010, written statements we require from our suppliers and ongoing discussions, our products do not include Tantalum derived from illegally mined Coltan. Despite the complexity and the fact that there are typically 4-8 supplier layers between Nokia and any mining activities, we are actively working to tackle these issues. We are committed to continuing our efforts in solving issues around mineral sourcing and health, safety, environmental, and labor standards. For many years now, we have been driving action and awareness of ethical standards with our own suppliers and within the wider electronics industry. For example, we have rigorous health and safety, environmental and labor standards that all of our suppliers must meet, and we require them to apply the same to their own suppliers.

Before agreeing to work with a supplier we ensure that these standards are met, and we visit a number of suppliers on an ongoing basis to review standards. We work with suppliers on training and support to help them implement and improve standards. We are also working to improve transparency and support verification of the supply chain of metals. Making progress requires commitment at a company level but also requires industry-level action amongst electronic companies, the mining industry and other industries that trade and use metals. Nokia has been actively involved in the work within the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) and the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC). These groups have conducted extensive research into the key challenges surrounding the supply of metals, the ability to trace and track the sources of metal used in electronic products and the industrys ability to influence conditions. The results of these studies have been shared with various organizations and NGOs who were consulted on the next steps for the industry. Further action is now being taken to try and trace the supply of Tantalum as well as Cobalt and Tin, back to their original source. This will include the mining industry and other experts. The results will help inform further discussions on the obstacles of tracing metals and how this can be improved. Tantalum Tantalum is a material used in many consumer electronics products. The mobile phone industry uses a very small amount of the worlds total supply of Tantalum. DRC is one of the places where Tantalum, or rather Coltan, one of the ores that it comes from is naturally found and mined. The country only accounts for a very small amount of the worlds supply of this material, but it can be found in the east of the country where there is conflict, leading to concerns that this Tantalum may be mined under conditions breaching human rights or sold to fund war and illegal activity. As soon as we became aware of this issue we began requiring suppliers of capacitors used in our mobile phones to confirm they do not source this material from the conflict areas of DRC. This is checked on an ongoing basis. The DRC provides a tiny amount of the worlds source of Tantalum. The vast majority of it is mined in other places around the world including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Russia, China and a number of other countries in Central Africa. Other materials More recently the company has been working with suppliers of other minerals, such as Cobalt and Tin, to improve transparency of the supply chain and understand how standards can be promoted. For example, DRC supplies 40% of the world supply of Cobalt, a material used in batteries. This substance is found in the south of the country, away from the conflict zone and is mined legally by many large, well established companies.