Vert Phys 2

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1.

____ are also known as the pressure reservoir of the CV system. ____ has a greater partial pressure in the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli, so it diffuses into the_____. A decrease in BP at the arterial baroreceptors would result in what? A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would A student in your lab volunteers to enter a hypoxic breathing chamber for 10 minutes, and his alveolar PO2 drops to 50 mm Hg. What other change would occur? A typical value for intrapleural pressure is ____ mmHg Abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles change the _____ in an ECG tracing. According to Starling's law of the heart, the CO is directly related to the? Air entering the body is filtered, warmed and humidified by the? Air moves into the lungs because?

arteries CO2; alveoli

15.

2.

BP and flow to the brain are monitored by receptors located in the wall of the? Capillaries are best described as?

carotid artery

16.

3.

an increase in heart contractility cause an increase in blood pH. decrease in arterial PCO2
17.

microscopic vessels in which blood exchanges material with the interstitial fluid product of HR and SV much slower

4.

CO is equal to? Compared to arteries, the velocity of flow of the blood through the capillaries is? contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing? Due to the differences in opposing forces, there is net _____ occurring at the arteriolar end of most capillaries, coupled with net _____ at the venous end. During the isovolumic phase of ventricular systole, what valves are open/closed? During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, which ion(s) is/are crossing the membrane? I(f) channels are permeable to? If a person is bedridden for several days, the baroreceptor may fail upon standing, why? If CO increases and resistance in arterioles does NOT change what happens to arterial BP? If the BP is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the PS NS and S NS? If the membranes of the cardiac muscle cells in the SA node ceome more permeable to potassium ions, what happens to the heart? If the neural connections between the pons and medulla are severed, In order to cause vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscle, what must happen?

18.

5.

19.

P wave

6.

-3 QRS complex venous return upper respiratory tract the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration increase the rate of breathing. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases body temp, emotional response, and blood O2 levels

20.

filtration, absorption

7.

8.

21.

the AV valves and semilunar valves are closed Ca2+ and K+

9.

22.

10.

23. 24.

Na+ and K+ the kidneys have reduced the blood volume increases

11.

Air moves out of the lungs because?

25.

26.

increase; decrease

12.

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will? Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the?

27.

HR will decrease

13.

28.

14.

BP and CO can be altered according to?

pulmonary ventilation will decrease sympathetic stimulation is removed

29.

30.

In quiet breathing, describe inspiration and expiration

inspiration uses muscular contractions; expiration is passive between the atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and the arteries increases decreased PO2 in the alveoli

42.

Smooth muscle is present in the walls of? Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in what? Stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors known as ______ are locate in some artery walls The ____ circuit carries blood to and from the alveoli of the lungs The _____ is a wall that separates the two sides of the heart The action potential in a cardiac contractile cell causes? The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are? The amtching of blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of a tissue is due to? The AV node is important because it?

all vessel types except capillaries

43.

an increase in heart rate and contractility

31.

In the heart, valves are located?

44.

baroreceptors

32. 33.

Increased blood volume ____ BP Jill lives in St. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend a month of her summer vacation working in the mountains outside of Denver. After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as Jill adapts to the higher altitude? Myocardial cells can generate action potentials spontaneously because they have? Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and, therefore, important factor to consider is the? Osmotic pressure resulting from presence of plasma proteins is called _____ pressure Pouiseuille's law is summarized into what equation? Pulmonary ventilation refers to the?

45.

pulmonary

46.

septum

34.

unstable ion channels concentration gradient

47.

opening of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

35.

48.

alveoli

36.

colloid osmotic and oncotic R is directly proportional to L*n/r^4 movement of air into and out of the lungs 3,5,6,4,2,1,8,7

49.

local control

37.

38.

50.

39.

Put these in order: 1. opening of the semilunar valves 2. isovolumic contraction 3. beginning of atrial systole 4. closure of the AV valves 5. completion of ventricular filling 6. beginning of ventricular systole 7. ventricular relaxation 8. ventricular ejection Restoring lost fluid from the capillaries back to the circulatory system is one of the major functions of the ____ system. S NS stimulation increases the HR by?

directs the electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles and delays the transmission of the electrical impulses to the ventricles in order for the atria to finish contracting gap junctions

51.

The depolarization of the pacemaker action potential spreads to adjacent cells through? The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the? The driving force for blood flow is a _____ gradient

40.

lymphatic

52.

pulse pressure

41.

increasing ion influx thus increasing the rate of depolarization

53.

pressure

54.

The ease with which the lungs stretch in response to changes in pressure is termed? The expiratory neurons control the __________ muscles, whereas the inspiratory neurons control the __________ muscles

compliance

70.

The P wave of an ECG corresponds to? The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is? The purpose of having valves in the CV system is to? The QRS complex of an ECG corresponds to?

depolarization of the atria diffusion

71.

55.

abdominal and internal intercostal, diaphragm and external intercostal forces electrical activity to be conducted through the AV node influx; efflux

72.

ensure blood flows in one direction the progressive wave of ventricular depolarization Na+

56.

The fibrous skeleton of the heart is important because it?

73.

74.

57.

The flattening of the action potentials of myocardial contractil cells, called the plteau phase, is due to a combination of increasing Ca2+ _____ and decreasing K+ ______. The flattening of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to a combo of ______ K+ permeability and _______ Ca2+ permeability. The function of the pericardial fluid is to?

The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)? The sac around the heart is the? The substance produced by the lungs to reduce surface tension is? The term myogenic indicates that the heart muscle is the source of?

75. 76.

pericardium surfactant the electrical signal that triggers heart contraction the pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole arterioles

58.

decreasing, increasing

77.

59.

reduce friction between the heart and the pericardium 2 digestive tract

78.

The values obtained when measuring blood pressure, such as 120/80, reflect what?

60. 61.

The heart is actually how many pumps? The hepatic portal vein carries blood away from the? The inferior point of the heart is the? The inner lining of blood vessels is called? The integrating center for neural control of BP resides in the? The lungs are enclosed in _____ membranes. The MAP is important because?

79.

62. 63.

apex endothelium
80.

The vessels that are the main site of variable resistance in the circulatory system, and that contribute more than 60% of the total resistance, are the? The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during contraction is? Type I alveolar cells allow what?

stroke volume the diffusion of gases through their thin membranes breathing decreased activity of the S NS electrical activity of the heart ventricular depolarization blood flow through an organ

64.

medulla oblongata pleural it represents the driving pressure for blood flow transports blood away from the heart CO2 venules and capillaries

81.

65.

66.

82. 83.

Ventilation is known as? What causes vasodilation of arterioles? What does the ECG wave tracing represent? What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing? What is perfusion?

67.

The most accurate definition of an artery is a vessel that? The most important chemical regulator of respiration is? The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the?

84.

68.

85.

69.

86.

87.

What is the 5 step path of structures in the respiratory tree in order in which air passes through them? What is the correct order of conveying electrical signals down autorhythmic cells?

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveoli SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, purkinje fibers closed CO

102.

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? Which chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? Which event happens at the start of a cardiac cycle? Which gas law explains why there is as much CO2 exchanged between the alveoli and blood as there is O2 exchanged, despite the fact that the partial pressure difference is so much smaller for CO2? Which heart chamber pumps deoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? Which is NOT considered to be a primary function of the respiratory system? Which organ is NOT known to include a special portal system for blood? Which organ is NOT part of the CV system and plays an important role in regulating BP? Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart? Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles? Which valves have chordae tendinae? Which way would O2 and CO2 diffuse during internal respiration?

LV

103.

LA RA SA node fires henry's law

88.

104.

105.

89.

What is the state of the AV valve during ventricular systole? What is the term that describes the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute? What is the term used to describe the amount of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of the heart during the next contraction is? What precedes the increase in ventricular pressure? When BP is normal, the receptors in arterial walls fire action potentials how often? When BP receptors sense a loss of BP, they ____ their firing rate? When the baroreceptor reflex is triggered by a decline in BP what happens? When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, what happens to the intrapleural pressure? When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, what happens to the thorax? When the inspiratory muscles relax, the rib cage returns to its original position as a result of? Where are the sources for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? Where does atrial contraction begin on an ECG? Where does ventricular contraction begin on an ECG?

106.

90.

91.

EDV

107.

RV

108.

92.

the QRS complex of the ECG continuously

109.

regulation of water balance heart kidney

93.

110.

94.

decrease
111.

SA node

95.

S NS and CO increase
112.

AV node

96.

decreases (more negative)

113.

bicuspid, tricuspud O2 would diffuse into the cells, and CO2 would diffuse into the systemic capillaries.

97.

volume increases

114.

98.

elastic recoil

99.

carotid sinus and aortic arch begins during the latter part of the P wave begins just after the Q wave

100.

101.