SUSTAINABLE DESALINATION

FROM SALTWATER TO FRESHWATER

DEGRMONT 183, avenue du 18 juin 1940 92508 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France Tel. +33 (0)1 46 25 60 00 Fax. +33 (0)1 42 04 16 99 marketing@degremont.com www.degremont.com

Degrmonts - Communication Department - Rf. M-D-001-EN-080 - September 2008 - PHILEOG

an alternative reSource
97% of the available water on Earth is salty. 42 of the 70 cities with more than one million inhabitants without direct access to additional freshwater resources, are located on the coast. Nearly 40% of the worlds population suffers from a shortage of freshwater. By 2050, this number could reach 4 billion. Spain, Mexico, California and the Arab Peninsula have already opted for the desalination of brackish or sea water to meet their needs and support their economic development.

Salt water:

the SuStainaBle DeSalination from Degrmont

Degrmont is recognised as the pioneer of desalination through reverse osmosis. Since the first installation on Houat island in France in 1969, Degrmont has developed and integrated complementary technologies to produce a sustainable solution. Many references have consolidated its position as world leader in this field. To meet the domestic, industrial and agricultural water needs of its customers, Degrmont proposes a unique desalination offering: a mastered solution: The Degrmont teams combine their know-how and creativity to build sustainable plants: - whose performance is tailored to a variety of needs, - with optimised investment and operating costs, - with mastered delivery times. a tailor-made solution: For each project, the teams: - mobilise Degrmonts desalination experts, - propose a specific combination of the Groups proven and innovative products, - analyse the raw water quality, examine environmental impacts and define the appropriate treatment line technology. an industrialised solution: The Degrmont teams rely on - proven Engineering-Procurement-Contracting and Operating processes, - modern tools for design (3D), and for site management (scheduling, logistics), - a worldwide network of recognised equipment suppliers.

250 references
worldwide

the anSwer to the riSing neeD for DomeStic anD inDuStrial water
Desalination consists in extracting the salt from salty or brackish water to make it suitable for drinking or usable by industry or for irrigation. In 10 years, production costs have been divided by a factor of 2 thanks to the efforts of the water treatment industry and the manufacturers of membranes and equipment (pumps, turbines, pressure exchangers).

DeSalination:

10 million 2 million

inhabitants served cubic metres produced

500,000 m3/d
of water produced by plants operated by Degrmont

the main techniqueS...

- Distillation is the oldest technology used. It combines evaporation with condensation to guarantee final salinity of less than 10 mg/L. - The most recent technique, Reverse Osmosis, is a membrane-based separation process which enables more than 99.9% of the salts present in the water to be captured. ciPle of r rin P

e th

Degrmon

e ev
r Se
oS mo Si S

te

PURIFICATION

REVERSE OSMOSIS

REFINING

gr

ateD chain

Semipermeable menbrane

OP Osmotic Pressure

RAW WATER

TREATED WATER

DIRECT OSMOSIS

OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM

REVERSE OSMOSIS

Algae, Plankton Suspended solids, Colloids Pathogens Macro-molecules

Small Salts

Minerals

SuStainaBle DeSalination: a maStereD water treatment Solution...

...for variouS aPPlicationS

an ecological solution:

a flexible solution:
The Degrmont solution is suited to all contexts: Use in coastal areas to treat seawater, or inland to treat brackish water, Freshwater production automatically adjustable according to seasonal variations, Supply from various energy sources (steam, electricity, wind-power).

With the Degrmont solution, the Environment is protected: Energy needs can be met from renewable energy sources such as wind, tidal or solar power, Special design of the water intakes ensuring no impact on the aquatic environment, Treatment of washing water before discharge and diffusion of brine without disrupting the aquatic equilibrium.

manufacturing

consumption an economical solution:

With the Degrmont solution, costs are controlled: Combination of standardised processes, Greater yield from reverse osmosis units and membrane longevity owing to the efficiency of the purification treatment, Reduced consumption of external energy through the use of recovery systems.

Treated water requirements Supplement by reverse osmosis Supplement by reverse osmosis

growing a scalable solution:

The Degrmont solution changes in line with the customers needs:

thermal process

Seawater Brackish water

Jan Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Example of a hybrid installation in the Middle East, where Degrmont solution supplements the thermal water production process

Automatic regulation of freshwater production to meet demand, Increase in the production capacity of existing plants by adding equipment modules of various sizes, Thermal power plant energy consumption optimisation by the case of hybrid installations combining thermal desalination and reverse osmosis.

Price index trend for desalination plants built by Degrmont

SuStainaBle DeSalination: the tailor-maDe integrator Solution

As a designer of original processes and an integrator of the most advanced technologies, Degrmont develops tailor-made technological solutions for its customers. Thanks to the wide range of products available to them, the Groups desalination experts are putting together the best technical combinations. Two key objectives: Ensure reliability of each treatment step, in particular purification, which is the key to Reverse Osmosis desalination, as it determines the efficiency of the membrane systems. Optimise overall operation of the plant.

Purication

Desalination

Rening

Ecosystem

Ultraviolet disinfection, Aquaray

Reverse Osmosis rack

Find out more about the desalination technologies in the

Filtration on media, Aquazur

Saltwater and Washing water Saltwater Seawater Brackish water

water TREATmEnT HANDBOOk

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SPecialiSeD teamS for inDuStrialiSeD SolutionS

Backed by its desalination design, construction and operations experts, Degrmont mobilises its personnel skills for each project, to produce a solution compatible with the needs of its customers. The commitment and motivation of its staff mean that Degrmont can rapidly supply its customers with efficient and reliable plants at optimum investment and operating cost, guaranteeing the quality of water required for consumption, manufacturing or agriculture.

exPertiSe - DeSign [170 Staff]

The 170 people dedicated to assessment and design of Degrmont solutions: - are committed to a technological optimisation approach aiming to enhance the reliability of the operations upstream of purification, - are developing specific processes for treating the washing water before discharge, - are developing solutions to improve the overall hydraulic efficiency. Degrmont has developed methods and tools enabling it to define the treatment chain best suited to each type of water.

the Degrmont guarantee: Dedicated resources Optimum costs Short delivery times
oPerationS [150Staff]
The 150 people dedicated to operation of the Degrmont solutions: - can draw on 40 years experience of operation of desalination plants, - guarantee the longevity of the equipment under their responsibility, - guarantee controlled operating costs. Our Design-Build-Operate (DBO) contracts have, over the years, benefited from the technological improvements developed by Research & Development department of the Group.

conStruction [200 Staff]

The 200 people dedicated to the construction of Degrmont solutions: - build on the experience feedback from the operators as of the design phase, - can be assigned to project teams combining the various skills required, for simplified customer relations, - manage risks, control costs and deadlines. Our Design-Build (DB) contracts always involve start-up plus training of the operating teams.

SuStainaBle DeSalination: numerouS referenceS

As a major Environmental player, Degrmont offers its customers sustainable solutions. More than 250 plants built in 40 years, including about ten currently in operation, are producing desalinated water in the four corners of the world. Whatever the customers problem, Degrmont can propose the right technical and economic solution, up to and including financing. In 2005, in Curaao in the Dutch Antilles, we delivered an 18,000 m3/d plant, while in 2009 the Barcelona plant in Spain will be producing 200,000 m3/d. In Fujarah in the United Arab Emirates, the plant is producing 170,500 m3/d of desalinated water, from an initial salt concentration of 40 g/L. Depending on the quality of the raw water, Degrmont defines the most suitable and the most reliable purification line, to optimise the efficiency and longevity of the osmosis membranes. In the Minera la Escondida (45,000 m3/d) plant in Chile, Aquadaf rapid flotation units supplement Mediazur filters, while in Palma de Mallorca (68,000 m3/d) in Spain, a battery of Mediazur filters alone proved to be adequate. In Wadi MaIn (129,000 m3/d) in Jordan, Pulsatube clarification was chosen, followed by Aquazur V filtration. In recent years, the Degrmont teams have been able to deliver plants in record time. For example, in Perth, Australia (140,000 m3/d) production started up only 18 months after engineering studies began. Finally, Degrmonts three integrated professional areas, Design, Building and Operation, mean that it can round off its offering with financing as part of a BOT (Build Operate Transfer) contract, such as that for Pemex (13,400 m3/d) in Mexico.

Curaao, Antilles, 2006 Drinking water from seawater

Minera Escondida, Chile, 2006 Industrial water from seawater

Bahia de Palma, Spain, 1999 Drinking water from seawater

Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, 2006 Drinking water and irrigation from seawater

Barka, Oman, 2007 Drinking water from seawater

El Atabal, Spain, 2003 Drinking water from brackish water

Wadi Main, Jordan, 2006 Drinking water from brackish water

Perth, Australia, 2007 Drinking water from seawater

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