MARITIME ENGLISH

SHIP BUILDING Naval architects plan the hull, superstructure and internal layout of a ship. Marine engineers design the propulsion system. Ships are built in shipyards. Today ship building begins in the design office. Drawing offices and planning departments produce working plans and instructions The design is refined on the drawing board and then translated into digital signals and fed back into the computer. The design is passed onto numerically controlled cutting and bending machines. Ships are either assembled on the sloping ways or built in dry docks.

Dry Dock A dry dock is a large rectangular basin dug into the shore and provided with a gate at one end. The ship is floated in, the gate is closed, the water in the dock is pumped out, and the ship settles onto supports.

SHIP BUILDING, SHIP SIZE, STABILITY

MARITIME ENGLISH
Large segments of the ship are assembled in shipyard shops, then brought to the sloping ways and welded into place.

Welding

LAUNCHING A ship is usually launched in the water, as soon as it will float. Its interior and superstructure are completed and painted after the hull is afloat.

SHIP BUILDING, SHIP SIZE, STABILITY

MARITIME ENGLISH
SHIP SIZE Archimedes' principle: A ship fully afloat displaces water equal to its own weight. For that reason a ships weight is expressed in terms of displacement. Displacement is defined as light displacement and load displacement Light displacement is the weight of liquid displaced by a vessel when floating with no cargo, fuel, stores or any other weights not forming part of the hull or machinery or fixed equipment of vessel. Load displacement is the weight of liquid displaced by a vessel when floating with cargo, fuel, stores any other weights. DEADWEIGHT : The difference between the load displacement and the light displacement is the deadweight. TONNAGE : Tonnage is a measurement of the enclosed volume of a ship used to describe her cargo capacity and does not indicate displacement Gross tonnage is the volumetric capacity of the spaces in the ship's hull and of the enclosed spaces above the deck available for cargo, stores, fuel, passengers, and crew. Net tonnage is the moulded volume of cargo spaces, the number of passengers carried, moulded depth, and service draught; net tonnage gives an indication of the ships earning capacity.

SHIP BUILDING, SHIP SIZE, STABILITY

MARITIME ENGLISH

SHIPS STABILITY When an object is afloat, it is acted upon by two forces; the downward force of gravity and the upward force of buoyancy. Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float. If an object is placed into water and the weight of this object is greater than the weight of an equal volume of water, the object will sink. It sinks because the force of buoyancy is less than the weight of the object. However, if the weight of the object is less than the weight of an equal volume of water, the object will float Centre of gravity is the point of application of the gravitational force on the ship. Centre of buoyancy is the point of application of the buoyancy force on a ship. When cargo is loaded to one side of a ship, there will be a temporary shift in the centre of gravity. Once the ship tilts to one side, the centre of buoyancy will also shift. The ship's centre of gravity determines the ship's stability. Stability may be defined as the ability of a vessel to return to her initial position after inclination. GM G-GRAVITY M-METACENTRE

SHIP BUILDING, SHIP SIZE, STABILITY