Guitar Combos Manual English

GUITAR COMBOS
Operation Manual
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments Software Synthesis GmbH. The software described by this document is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments Software Synthesis GmbH. All product and company names are trademarks of their respective owners. And also, if youre reading this, it means you bought the software rather than stole it. Its because of people like you that we can continue to create great tools and update them. So, thank you very much. Users Guide written by Craig Anderton and Sascha Kubiak. NI would also like to thank the outstanding Beta Test Team, whose participants were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product. Native Instruments Software Synthesis GmbH, 2005. All rights reserved. GUITAR COMBOS is a trademark of Native Instruments Software Synthesis.
Germany Native Instruments GmbH Schlesische Str. 28 D-10997 Berlin Germany info@native-instruments.de www.native-instruments.de
USA Native Instruments USA, Inc. 5631 A Hollywood Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90028 USA info@native-instruments.com www.native-instruments.com
Table of Contents
Wecome to GUITAR COMBOS ........................................................................7 Product Authorization..................................................................................9 What is the Product Authorization? .................................................... 9 Conducting the Product Authorization ...............................................10 Method A: GUITAR COMBOS computer has direct access to the internet . 11 Method B: Internet Connection on another computer ..........................13 Method C: No Internet Connection available ......................................16 Registration support .......................................................................18 Installation under Windows XP .................................................................. 19 System Requirements and Recommendations ....................................19 Software Installation .......................................................................19 VST plug-in Installation ...................................................................19 DXi 2 plug-in Setup ....................................................................... 20 RTAS plug-in installation ................................................................ 20 Installation under MacOS X .......................................................................21 System Requirements and Recommendations ....................................21 Installing GUITAR COMBOS OS X ...................................................21 MacOS Audio Unit plug-in Installation ..............................................21 RTAS plug-in installation .................................................................21 Audio Interfaces ........................................................................................22 Stand-alone Application ................................................................. 22 Interface Details............................................................................ 23 Plug-In Details ...............................................................................24 More About Latency ...................................................................... 25 GUITAR COMBOS as Standalone .................................................................26 Soundcard (Audio Interface) ........................................................... 26 Routing ........................................................................................ 27 MIDI ............................................................................................ 29 GUITAR COMBOS as Plug-In .......................................................................30 VST 2.0 Plug-in ............................................................................ 30 DXi 2 PlugIn ..................................................................................31 Audio Units Plug-In ....................................................................... 32 RTAS Plug-in ................................................................................ 35
GUITAR COMBOS III
Instant Gratication...................................................................................36 Please read this before you start ..................................................... 36 Computer Setup for GUITAR COMBOS .............................................37 Is it working? .................................................................................41 Check out the presets .................................................................... 42 Basic Preset Tweaking ................................................................... 43 GUITAR COMBOS Features..........................................................................44 The Tuner ..................................................................................... 44 The View Menu ............................................................................. 45 The Demo Player ........................................................................... 46 AC BOX COMBO PARAMETERS ....................................................................47 Input Level Meter ...........................................................................47 Noise Gate On/Off (Button) .............................................................47 Input Volume (Knob) ..................................................................... 48 Treble Booster On/Off (Button) ....................................................... 48 Treble Booster Boost (Knob) ........................................................... 48 Treble Booster Bright (Knob) ...........................................................49 AC Box Volume (Knob) ....................................................................49 AC Box Treble (Knob) .....................................................................49 AC Box Bass (Knob) .......................................................................49 AC Box Tone Cut (Knob) ................................................................ 50 Tremolo On/Off (Button) ................................................................ 50 Tremolo Intensity (Knob) ................................................................ 50 Tremolo Rate (Knob) .......................................................................51 Spring Reverb On/Off (Button).........................................................51 Spring Reverb Reverb (Knob) ...........................................................51 Spring Reverb Time (Knob) ............................................................ 52 Output Volume (Knob) ................................................................... 52 Output Level Meter........................................................................ 52 TWANG COMBO PARAMETERS ....................................................................53 Input Level Meter .......................................................................... 53 Noise Gate On/Off (Button) ............................................................ 53 Input Volume (Knob) ..................................................................... 54 Skreamer On/Off (Button) .............................................................. 54 Skreamer Volume (Knob) ............................................................... 54 Skreamer Tone (Knob) ................................................................... 55 Skreamer Drive (Knob)................................................................... 55 Chorus On/Off (Button).................................................................. 55 Chorus Intensity (Knob) ................................................................. 55 Twang Volume (Knob) .................................................................... 56 IV GUITAR COMBOS
Twang Treble (Knob) ...................................................................... 56 Twang Mid (Knob) ......................................................................... 56 Twang Bass (Knob)........................................................................ 56 Bright (Switch).............................................................................. 57 Vibrato On/Off (Button) ................................................................. 57 Vibrato Amount (Knob) .................................................................. 57 Vibrato Speed (Knob) .................................................................... 58 Reverb On/Off (Button) .................................................................. 58 Reverb Amount (Knob)................................................................... 58 Reverb Time (Knob)....................................................................... 59 Output Volume (Knob) ................................................................... 59 Output Level Meter........................................................................ 59 PLEXI COMBO PARAMETERS ......................................................................60 Input Level Meter .......................................................................... 60 Noise Gate On/Off (Button) ............................................................ 60 Input Volume (Knob) ......................................................................61 Big Fuzz On/Off (Button) ................................................................61 Big Fuzz Volume (Knob) ..................................................................61 Big Fuzz Sustain (Knob)................................................................. 62 Big Fuzz Tone (Knob) .................................................................... 62 Cat On/Off (Button)....................................................................... 62 Cat Volume (Knob) ........................................................................ 63 Cat Distortion (Knob) ..................................................................... 63 Cat Filter (Knob) ........................................................................... 63 Plexi Volume (Knob) ...................................................................... 64 Plexi Bass (Knob).......................................................................... 64 Plexi Middle (Knob) ....................................................................... 64 Plexi Treble (Knob) ........................................................................ 65 Plexi Presence (Knob) ................................................................... 65 Delay On/Off (Button).................................................................... 65 Delay Dry-Wet (Knob) .................................................................... 66 Delay Time (Knob) ........................................................................ 66 Delay Feedback (Knob) .................................................................. 66 Delay Reverse (Switch) .................................................................. 67 Output Volume (Knob) ................................................................... 67 Output Level Meter........................................................................ 67 Preset management...................................................................................68 MIDI Control .............................................................................................72 Using GUITAR COMBOS with a Host Program ..............................................76
GUITAR COMBOS V
Automating Plug-In Parameters .................................................................79 A Typical Automation Application .................................................... 79 NI Bonus Features .....................................................................................84 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................85 Appendix A: Setup Details .........................................................................87 Audio Interface Hardware ............................................................... 87 Internal vs. External Audio Interfaces .............................................. 89 Choosing the right Audio Driver ....................................................... 89 Optimizing your system .................................................................. 92 Appendix B: About MIDI .............................................................................94 Appendix C: Build a BUFFER BOARD............................................................97 Index ...................................................................................................... 100
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Wecome to GUITAR COMBOS

The GUITAR COMBOSs series includes three virtual guitar amps, each targeted toward specic musical genres: Twang Combo is ideal for blues, pop, country, and soft rock. Its authentic crunch adds just the right amount of character to your guitars natural sound. AC Box provides the classic sounds of British pop and alternative music. The bright, distinctive character of this amp has powered hit music since the 60s. Plexi is a rock and roll machine for metal, psychedelic, hard rock, and other musical styles that demand powerful, high-denition distortion.
Best of all, GUITAR COMBOSs have the feel of the real thing, including accurate effects modeling close your eyes, and its hard to believe youre playing through a virtual amp. Each member of the GUITAR COMBOS results from painstaking analysis of the distinctive sonic characteristics of speakers, tubes, transformers, components, cabinets, and more. The same love of the guitar and its seemingly innite potential that drove us to create the acclaimed Guitar Rig system has gone into the GUITAR COMBOSs series. We thank you for your support, and hope you enjoy playing through these amps as much as we do! Your Native Instruments Team
GUITAR COMBOS 7
8 GUITAR COMBOS
Product Authorization
Part of the GUITAR COMBOS installation is a Product Authorization which has to be fulllled in order to make permanent use of the software. We recommend that you take notice of this chapter rst, then proceed with the software installation as described in the following chapters and nally return to this chapter.
What is the Product Authorization?

The Product Authorization includes a full registration. After having completed the authorization, you can make use of all online services related to the registered product. On the Native Instruments website you can read online tutorials, get technical support, participate in the NI forums and download updates. GUITAR COMBOS requires the Product Authorization in order to use the software permanently. You can run GUITAR COMBOS for 30 days without any limitations. As long as the software runs unauthorized a message at every program start reminds you that the authorization has not been completed yet and indicates how many more days the software is running without an authorization. The Product Authorization is performed by a small application called Registration Tool. The Registration Tool generates a so called System ID which serves as request code for receiving an Authorization Key. The System ID is based on some hardware components of your computer system, the operating system version and the serial number you have entered at the GUITAR COMBOS installation. Note: Exchanging your audio card, MIDI interface or external equipment will not start the request for a new Authorization Key. Only exchanging a basic hardware component in your computer or installing a new operating system might produce a new Product Authorization request. In this case the Registration Tool will reect the change by displaying a new System ID and you have to repeat the Product Authorization. The System ID has to be sent to Native Instruments in order to receive the Authorization Key which allows the permanent use of GUITAR COMBOS. Since the Product Authorization is part of the license agreement GUITAR COMBOS will stop launching after 30 days if it was not authorized until then. Of course, it is also possible to complete the Product Authorization after 30 days. In this case the software will launch again as soon as the Product Authorization has been completed.
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Note: The data transfer at the online Product Authorization is done via a secure connection using 128 bit encryption. Native Instruments keeps your personal data like email and postal address in condence. No data will be passed to a third party.
Registration Tool
Conducting the Product Authorization

Native Instruments has set a high value on making the authorization procedure as easy and comfortable as possible. In the following sections we describe three methods of conducting the Product Authorization. We recommend Method A and Method B since these result in the easiest and fastest way of receiving the Authorization Key.
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Method A: GUITAR COMBOS computer has direct access to the internet

Important: This method requires a valid email address to complete the Product Authorization, since the registration code will be sent to you by email. Windows: Start the Registration Tool from the start menu (Native Instruments GUITAR COMBOS GUITAR COMBOS Registration Tool) or from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: C:\Program Files\Native Instruments\GUITAR COMBOS\).
MacOS: Start the Registration Tool from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: Applications\GUITAR COMBOS\).
A click on the Register Now button opens the Native Instruments registration webpage. Therefore your standard Internet Browser will be opened and an internet connection will be established according to your system settings. Your System ID will be automatically transmitted to the registration form.
On the rst online page you are asked if it is your First Registration at Native Instruments or if you want to do an Additional Registration.
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Depending on the option you have chosen on the rst online page you now get a login page asking for your username and password or a form where you can ll out your address data. Please ll out all required elds and follow the instructions on the screen to complete the registration.
On the last online registration page your Authorization Key is directly shown in the browser. Please copy the full number (12 x 5 digits) and paste it to the registration tool. Within a few minutes you will also receive an email from the Native Instruments registration system containing the Authorization key. The Authorization key is available in the email body and additionally as text attachment. This email also contains the password which is required for using the online services.
Start the Registration Tool again and either copy the Authorization Key from the email and press the Paste from Clipboard. button in the Registration Tool or use the Open File button in the Registration Tool to open the email attachment which you previously have saved to hard disk.
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Click on the Complete button.
After completing the Product Authorization the Registration Tool looks like this Now the GUITAR COMBOS Product Authorization has been completed. The authorization message at every GUITAR COMBOS start has disappeared and you can use the software permanently:
Method B: Internet Connection on another computer

Important: This method requires a valid email address to complete the Product Authorization, since the Authorization Key will be send to you by email. Windows: Start the Registration Tool from the start menu (Native Instruments GUITAR COMBOS GUITAR COMBOS Registration Tool) or from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: C:\Program Files\Native Instruments\GUITAR COMBOS\).
GUITAR COMBOS 13
MacOS: Start the Registration Tool from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: Applications\GUITAR COMBOS\). A click on the Save Registration File button opens a Save dialog for saving a HTML le. Save the HTML le to any storage medium.
Transfer the HTML le to another computer where you have internet access (via oppy disk, CDR etc.). Open the HTML le in your internet browser. The HTML page contains a link for the registration page on the Native Instruments website. When you click on this link an internet connection will be established according to your system settings. On the rst online page you are asked if it is your First Registration at Native Instruments or if you want to do an Additional Registration.
Depending on the option you have chosen on the rst online page you now get a login page asking for your username and password or a form where you can ll out your address data. Please ll out all required elds and follow the instructions on the screen to complete the registration.
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Within a few minutes you will receive an email from the Native Instruments registration system containing the Authorization key. The Authorization key is available in the email body and additionally as text attachment. This email also contains the password which is required for using the online services. Transfer the text attachment to the computer where you have installed GUITAR COMBOS. Start the Registration Tool again and use the Open File button in the Registration Tool to open the email attachment which you previously have saved to hard disk.
Click on the Complete button.
After completing the Product Authorization the Registration Tool looks like this Now the GUITAR COMBOS Product Authorization has been completed. The authorization message at every GUITAR COMBOS start has disappeared and you can use the software permanently:
GUITAR COMBOS 15
Method C: No Internet Connection available

Important: Following this method you will have to ll in a form which you send to Native Instruments. You will receive the Authorization Key either by email (recommended), by postal mail or by fax. If you do not provide Native Instruments with a valid email address in the form, be prepared to type in the Authorization Key manually (about 60 digits). If you do not have access to the internet or if you do not have a working email address, the Product Authorization can also be done via postal mail or fax. Although Native Instruments goes after a fast handling of your authorization requests, it is generally recommended that you prefer Method A or Method B for shortest return times and most comfortable operation. Please note the following instructions to fullll the Product Authorization: Windows: Start the Registration Tool from the Windows start menu (Native Instruments GUITAR COMBOS GUITAR COMBOS Registration Tool) or from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: C:\Program Files\Native Instruments\GUITAR COMBOS\).
MacOS: Start the Registration Tool from the GUITAR COMBOS installation folder (default path: Applications\GUITAR COMBOS\)
A click on the Fill Out Form button opens a local HTML le in the operating systems standard browser or another program which you have dened as standard application for opening HTML les.
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The HTML le contains all information Native Instruments requires for completing the Product Authorization and registration. Please ll in the required data and print it out, or write a letter containing the data.
If you write a letter please attend to a legible handwriting to avoid mistakes at the Native Instruments registration team. Illegible email or postal addresses can cause problems with the Authorization Key delivery. Send the form to Native Instruments using one of the following contact addresses: Native Instruments GmbH Registration Schlesische Strae 28 10997 Berlin Germany Fax: +49 30 6110352400 Native Instruments USA 5631 A Hollywood Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90028 USA Fax: +1-323-372-3676
You will receive the Authorization Key via email (recommended), fax or mail. Start the Registration Tool again and either copy the Authorization Key from the email and press the Paste from Clipboard button in the Registration Tool or use the Open File button in the Registration Tool to open the email attachment which you previously have saved to hard disk. If you have received the Authorization Key by mail or fax, type it in manually. Click on the Complete button. Now the GUITAR COMBOS Product Authorization has been completed. The authorization message at every GUITAR COMBOS start has disappeared and you can use the software permanently:
GUITAR COMBOS 17
Registration support
If you run into problems during the Product Authorization the Native Instruments registration support team will be happy to help you. In this case send a support request on the NI website using the following URL: http://www.native-instruments.com/registersupport.info Please describe the occurred problem as accurate as possible and provide the registration support team with the necessary details to solve the problem.
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Installation under Windows XP

System Requirements and Recommendations
To use the GUITAR COMBOS software, you need a computer with the following minimum specications:
Hardware
Pentium III 700 MHz/ Athlon XP 1333 MHz. 256 MB RAM
Software
Windows XP
Software Installation
Insert the GUITAR COMBOS CD into the CD drive. Use the Windows Explorer to view the contents of the CD. Start the installation by double-clicking GUITAR COMBOS Setup.exe. The setup program will suggest C:\Program Files\Native Instruments\ GUITAR COMBOS\ as the path for the destination folder. You may also choose another folder if you wish.
Installed Folders, Files, and Links

The setup program creates a new folder called GUITAR COMBOS\ in the installation directory (Program Files\Native Instruments). This folder contains the les required to operate the software. If you do not choose a different program group during the installation, links to GUITAR COMBOS and a ReadMe le are added to the Start menu under Programs/Native Instruments.
VST plug-in Installation

Insert the Installation CD into the CD drive. Use the Windows Explorer to view the contents of the CD. To start, double-click the GUITAR COMBOS Setup.exe le. When the choice is given by the installer, select VST plug-in from the list of components to install. You can now choose to automatically search for the VST plug-in folder or manually select the VST plug-in folder of your choice. Please select the option that best suits your installation requirements. GUITAR COMBOS 19
Note: If more than one host program for VST 2.0 plug-ins is installed on your computer, the installer lets you install to multiple VST-folders by shift-clicking them. If you decide to install them at a later date, simply copy the GUITAR COMBOS VST.dll le into the VST plug-ins folders of these programs. Windows: If the VST plug-in les are not visible in the Windows Explorer, select the Show All Files option. This option is located in the Explorer menu View Folder Options... on the View tab below Hidden Files. Optionally, you can set up your programs so that they all use the same VST plug-ins folder.
DXi 2 plug-in Setup

DXi 2 is a plug-in interface for software synthesizers and instruments based on Microsoft DXi technology. Sonar from Cakewalk and Fruity Loops are the most well known host sequencers that support DXi.
Installation
Insert the Installation CD into the CD drive of your computer. Use the Windows Explorer to view the contents of the CD and doubleclick the GUITAR COMBOS Setup.exe le to start the installation. Continue the GUITAR COMBOS installation until you come to the Choose plug-ins page. Tick the checkbox DXi plug-in.
The installation program copies the GUITAR COMBOS plug-in to your hard disk and registers it as a DXi 2 plug-in for use in DXi 2-compatible host programs. After the installation, GUITAR COMBOS appears as a plug-in in the host program.
RTAS plug-in installation

Launch the GUITAR COMBOS Installer from the CD. Select the Custom installation type. Select only RTAS from the list of components to install.
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Installation under MacOS X

System Requirements and Recommendations
To use the GUITAR COMBOS software, you need a computer with the following minimum specications: Hardware Apple PowerMac G4 733 MHz or faster 256 MB RAM Software MacOS 10.2.6
Installing GUITAR COMBOS OS X

Insert the Installation CD into the CD drive of your computer. Double-click the installation program Install GUITAR COMBOS to start it. The start screen appears rst. After clicking Continue and conrming the license agreement, a dialog opens where you can select the installation location and the destination folder.
The installation program suggests a path for the GUITAR COMBOS folder; if you do not select a different destination, the GUITAR COMBOS folder is created on the rst hard disk. You can choose between Easy Install, where both the stand-alone and plug-in versions are installed, or Custom Install, where you can select which versions you want to install.
MacOS Audio Unit plug-in Installation

Launch the GUITAR COMBOS Installer from the CD Select the Custom installation type. Select only Audio Unit from the list of components to install.
RTAS plug-in installation

Launch the GUITAR COMBOS Install er from the CD Select the Custom installation type. Select only RTAS from the list of components to install.
GUITAR COMBOS 21
Audio Interfaces
Audio interfaces, which include software routines called drivers, allow GUITAR COMBOS (and other programs you have installed, if present) to communicate with your computers audio hardware. This section describes how to use various audio interfaces with GUITAR COMBOS. There are two main ways to implement GUITAR COMBOS: As a stand-alone device that requires no host software. GUITAR COMBOSs audio and MIDI connections interact directly with your computers audio/MIDI hardware interface. As a plug-in that works in conjunction with a host program, such as sequencing or hard disk recording software. In this case, the host program interacts directly with the computers hardware interface. GUITAR COMBOS connects to the host program via virtual patch cords. GUITAR COMBOSs audio outputs appear as signals in the hosts mixer, and the host passes MIDI data to GUITAR COMBOS. Well describe each mode in detail, but rst lets look at the various interface drivers and plug-in formats used by different operating systems and programs.
Stand-alone Application
GUITAR COMBOS works in stand-alone mode with ASIO, MME, DirectSound, and Core Audio. The GUITAR COMBOS/computer combination acts as an instrument, similar to a hardware digital synthesizer. The table shows you which drivers are available under which Operating System: Driver ASIO 2.0 DirectSound MME Core Audio Windows MacOS X
Plug-In
Used as a plug-in, GUITAR COMBOS is not a stand-alone program but rather a program module that can be integrated into a host program such as a sequencer. plug-in mode allows you to integrate it seamlessly with the sequencer. Furthermore, it has many other uses as a plug-in:
22 GUITAR COMBOS
MIDI sequencing of GUITAR COMBOS and audio mix-down of the MIDI tracks within a single program Comfortable automation of GUITAR COMBOS parameters in the sequencer Further processing of GUITAR COMBOS signals using additional plugins Sample-accurate timing with MIDI controllers (when used as VST 2.0 plug-in) Restoring of all plug-in settings when the host document (such as a song le of the sequencer) is loaded Integration with other instruments into a virtual studio
The shortcuts / key commands do not work in all sequencers. This is due to the fact that the host capture keys for themselves and do not pass them on to the plug-in. This table provides you with an overview of which interfaces are supported by which host programs: Plug-in Interface VST 2.0 Plug-in DXi Audio Units RTAS Host-Program Cubase, Nuendo Sonar Logic, Garage Band, Digital Performaer Pro Tools Windows Mac
Note: Some hosts include wrappers that allow running GUITAR COMBOS with a choice of plug-in protocols. Try each one, as one may offer better performance than another. Example: With Sonar, running GUITAR COMBOS as a DXi instrument allows using multiple outputs, while running it as a VST instrument provides more automation options
Interface Details
The interfaces described below represent different ways GUITAR COMBOS can communicate with your sound card. Available interfaces depend on your computer, the audio interface (sound card) youre using, and your computer platform (GUITAR COMBOS supports Windows XP or MacOS X). Choose the fastest interface protocol supported by your interface, which will likely be
GUITAR COMBOS 23
ASIO with Windows, or Core Audio for Mac. For Windows, you can also use DirectSound and Multimedia (also called MME), but expect a signicant delay (called latency) between the time you play a note and the time you hear it. ASIO (Audio Streaming Input Output): This cross-platform plug-in protocol was developed by Steinberg. It is highly recommended for its low latency, multi-channel audio card support, and high performance. DirectSound: Developed by Microsoft, this is a is a component of DirectX 5.0 or higher for Windows. How well DirectX works well depends on your sound card. If you adjust the interface for an acceptable amount of latency, you may hear glitches and clicks in the audio output that can only be xed if you increase latency. MME (Multi Media Extension): This is the standard Windows audio driver. Most sound cards support this interface and work with it quite well. However, MME is even less suitable than DirectSound for real-time applications due to its comparatively high latency. Core Audio: This audio interface for MacOS X is integrated tightly into the operating system, and works with external audio hardware as well as the Macs integrated audio output.
Plug-In Details
VST (Virtual Studio Technology): Like ASIO, this cross-platform plug-in technology was developed by Steinberg. It is the most common plug-in format, and many programs are optimized to work with VST plug-ins. DXi2 (DirectX Instrument 2): Based on Microsoft DirectX technology, this plug-in interface for software synthesizers and instruments is designed for low latency and high performance on the Windows platform. Cakewalk Sonar and Image Line FL Studio are the most well-known hosts that support DXi. RTAS (Real Time Audio Suite): This interface protocol from Digidesign allows using plug-ins with ProTools (or other Digidesign-compatible software). Unlike traditional TDM effects that depend on using Digidesign hardware, RTAS plug-ins are native; the host processor performs all computations needed for the plug-in.
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AU (Audio Units): This plug-in format is exclusively for the Macintosh OS X platform, and is tied in closely with the operating system.
More About Latency

As with any digital device (including hardware signal processors) that convert audio to data and back again, a computer adds a certain amount of delay (latency) when processing audio signals. Fortunately, with todays computers and low-latency sound card drivers, this delay can be so small that you cant hear it (e.g., under 3 milliseconds, which is about the same delay caused by moving your head one meter further away from a speaker). However, typical computers are generally not set up for low latency; attempting to play in real time through GUITAR COMBOS will probably be unsatisfying because of the delay. If your computer is already congured for low-latency operation, keep reading. Otherwise, before installing GUITAR COMBOS, please turn to Appendix A on Optimizing System Response for information about obtaining the lowest possible system latency.
GUITAR COMBOS 25
GUITAR COMBOS as Standalone

When used as a plug-in, the host program has already set up its audio and MIDI connections, and GUITAR COMBOS simply plugs in to these. However, with stand-alone operation GUITAR COMBOS communicates directly with your audio interface. Its therefore necessary to specify audio and MIDI settings, as well as the preferred driver protocol (of course, plug-in format is not an issue). Setup for Mac and Windows machines is essentially identical, except where indicated. Note that if you change your audio interface, you will almost certainly need to re-adjust these settings. Call up the Audio + MIDI Settings setup dialog from the Setup menu. Youll see three tabs for Soundcard, Routing (audio output patching), and MIDI.
Soundcard (Audio Interface)
Audio + MIDI Settings dialog Interface: Choose the fastest interface protocol supported by your interface, which will be ASIO or Core Audio. For Windows, you can also use DirectSound and Multimedia (also called MME), but expect a signicant delay between the time you play a note and the time you hear it. Windows only: Avoid using any drivers listed as emulated, as they provide poorer performance than other drivers. For example, although DirectSound drivers generally outperform MME drivers, MME drivers will outperform emu26 GUITAR COMBOS
lated DirectSound drivers. Sample rate: The drop-down menu will display compatible sample rates for your audio interface. 44.1kHz is the same sample rate used for CDs, and is the most universal choice. However, some audio interfaces offer 48kHz and 96kHz (GUITAR COMBOS accepts up to 96kHz sample rates). These higher rates stress your computer more, but offer somewhat better high frequency response. If you are using GUITAR COMBOS standalone, choose whichever rate you prefer. When used as a plug-in with a host program (e.g., Cubase, Digital Performer, Logic, Sonar, etc.), the host will determine the sample rate. Output Device: Use ASIO written specically for your audio interface (not ASIO DirectX or ASIO Multimedia, unless no other choices are available), or for the Mac, Core Audio. Output Latency: This eld displays the output latency. For some drivers you can adjust the latency individually using a fader. Adjust latency for the fastest possible setting that gives consistent audio performance. The CPU may not be able to keep up with fast settings, resulting in possible crackles or pops in the audio. Slower settings will give more consistent audio performance, but the amount of delay may be musically unsatisfying. Experiment with the latency setting until you nd the best compromise between consistent audio performance and fast response. A quick way to adjust latency is as follows: Select any instrument and play it while moving the Latency slider. Move the Latency slider to the left until you start to hear clicks in the audio output. Now move the slider to the right until the clicks disappear. This is the optimum setting.
Routing
If your sound card offers multiple inputs and outputs, you can choose which ones connect to GUITAR COMBOS. Click on Inputs to choose the desired inputs from the drop-down menus, and click on Outputs to select the outputs, also from drop-down menus. Note that the right and left channels are independent and can be assigned to any inputs/outputs not just stereo pairs as well as disconnected from audio ins and outs.
GUITAR COMBOS 27
Using the drop-down menu, GUITAR COMBOSs Output 2 is being assigned to an output from a multi-output sound card. GUITAR COMBOS provides up to 8 monophonic outs. Using all of these in stand-alone mode requires an audio interface with eight output channels. However, it is not necessary to have this many channels. For example, if a notebook computer has built-in audio and offers only a single stereo output (two channels), you can assign all the GUITAR COMBOS sounds to the stereo output. Each drop-down list shows what outputs are available from the driver/audio interface selected under the Interface tab. Assign each GUITAR COMBOS software audio out (Channel 1/2 Left, Channel 1/2 Right, Channel 3/4 Left, Channel 3/4 Right, Channel 5, Channel 6, Channel 7, and Channel 8) to the desired hardware output. Windows only: The audio interfaces overall level may be determined by a mixer applet included with your interface hardware, or the built-in Windows mixer. If you encounter excessively low or high levels, please check the Windows volume control by going Start Programs Accessories Entertainment Volume Control. Then check the Wave volume slider, and adjust its level as needed.
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MIDI
If your MIDI interface offers multiple ins and outs, you can choose which one connects to GUITAR COMBOS. When you click on the MIDI tab youll see a list of MIDI I/O. Initially, each one will be Off. This eld is a toggle click on Off to turn an input or output On, click on On to turn an input or output Off. If you enable more than one input, they will be merged.
GUITAR COMBOS 29
GUITAR COMBOS as Plug-In

VST 2.0 Plug-in
In addition to the stand-alone version, GUITAR COMBOS can also be used as a VST Audio Effect plug-in. The advantages of the VST 2.0 format allow us to provide you with a powerful plug-in. For more information on the VST 2.0 format, refer to the user guide provided with your VST host program.
Using GUITAR COMBOS in Cubase SX 2 (or higher)

Launch Cubase, and create an new Audio Track. In the Inspector expand the Inserts view. Click on an empty insert slot and choose GUITAR COMBOS from the list.
The plug-in will now appear as an insert effect and the audio signal with pass through GUITAR COMBOS before being output. Click on the Edit (e) button to call up the GUITAR COMBOS interface. Here you can control and edit all the features and functions that GUITAR COMBOS has to offer. Note: If GUITAR COMBOS does not appear in the list of available VST instruments inside your VST 2 host application, then it is not installed correctly. Please refer to the previous section on installing the plug-in for both Windows and Mac platforms for more assistance on setting this up.
Using GUITAR COMBOS in Nuendo 2

Launch Nuendo, and create an new Audio Track. In the Inspector expand the Inserts view. Click on an empty insert slot and choose GUITAR COMBOS from the list.
The plug-in will now appear as an insert effect and the audio signal with pass through GUITAR COMBOS before being output. 30 GUITAR COMBOS
Click on the Edit (e) button to call up the GUITAR COMBOS interface. Here you can control and edit all the features and functions that GUITAR COMBOS has to offer.
Note: If GUITAR COMBOS does not appear in the list of available VST instruments inside your VST 2 host application, then it is not installed correctly. Please refer to the previous section on installing the plug-in for both Windows and Mac platforms for more assistance on setting this up. If the plug-in does not receive MIDI or generate audio, then make sure to check the following two areas: Make sure MIDI thru is enabled in Nuendo. The MIDI channel of your MIDI track must correspond to the receive channel of the loaded instrument. Make sure that you have properly congured your sound card for use with Nuendo Please refer to your Nuendo manual for more information.
DXi 2 PlugIn
Using GUITAR COMBOS in Sonar
Launch Sonar In an audio track choose GUITAR COMBOS as DXi plug-in in the FX eld by right clicking on it and selecting GUITAR COMBOS.
Loading the GUITAR COMBOS DXi plug-in in an audio track
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Audio Units Plug-In

Using GUITAR COMBOS in Logic 5 (or higher)
Launch Logic and create an audio track Choose the GUITAR COMBOS Audio Unit/VST plug-in in the appropriate insert slot of the instrument mixer bus, either in the arrange or mixer window. To do this, click onto the insert slot, hold down the mouse button and choose Stereo Audio Units/VST Native Instruments GUITAR COMBOS FX.
The plug-in now appears in the insert slot and is ready to use. The instrument mixer channel will allow you to mix, pan, and process GUITAR COMBOS output just like any other existing audio track in Logic. If the GUITAR COMBOS interface is not already open, double click on the mixers GUITAR COMBOS slot to call up the GUITAR COMBOS interface. Here you can control and edit all the features and functions that GUITAR COMBOS has to offer. Note: If GUITAR COMBOS does not appear in the list of available AU instruments inside your host application, then it is not installed correctly. Please refer to the previous section on installing the plug-in for both Windows and Mac platforms for more assistance on setting this up. Important: To control the GUITAR COMBOS parameters via MIDI, you need to insert GUITAR COMBOS FX in an audio instrument track in Logic. This is the only way to get MIDI to an effect plug-in. Afterwards, set the audio instruments side-chain input to the appropriate audio track. Youll nd the side-chain section above the plug-in interface in the header.
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After having loaded an instrument from the library you should be able to trigger it via MIDI using a keyboard controller. GUITAR COMBOSs sound will generate through the VST mixer and directly to your sound card. If the plug-in does not receive MIDI or generate audio, then make sure to check the following two areas: Make sure MIDI thru is enabled in Logic. The MIDI channel of your MIDI track must correspond to the receive channel of the loaded instrument. Make sure that you have properly congured your sound card for use with Logic. Please refer to your Logic manual for more information.
Using GUITAR COMBOS in Garage Band

Launch Garage Band Press the + button to create a new Real Instrument Track. From here you can choose the type (guitar naturally) and the icon you wish to use. Double-click the instrument track icon or press the I icon to get the Track Info. From the Info window expand the Details triangle underneath the Instrument icon to expose the track settings. From the empty drop-down menu, choose GUITAR COMBOS FX from among Audio Unit FX plug-ins.
Clicking on the pencil icon next to the Manual drop-down menu will open the GUITAR COMBOS interface for editing. GUITAR COMBOS is now an effect plug-in for your audio track. Any input or output on this audio track will pass through GUITAR COMBOS rst. The input signal is only auditioned through GUITAR COMBOS, so you dont have to worry about recording the GUITAR COMBOS sound. You are free to move through the presets as you wish.
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Using GUITAR COMBOS in Digital Performer 4.1 (or higher)

Launch Digital Performer Open the mixer view (Shift+M) Click the rst available insert slot on an Audio Track. Choose Native Instruments GUITAR COMBOS FX from the list
The plug-in is now ready to use. The mixer of Digital Performer will allow you to mix, pan, and process GUITAR COMBOSs output just like any other existing audiotrack. Double click on the GUITAR COMBOS slot in Digital Performers mixing board to call up the GUITAR COMBOS interface. Here you can control and edit all the features and functions that GUITAR COMBOS has to offer. Note: If GUITAR COMBOS does not appear in the list of available Audio Unit plug-ins inside your Audio Units host application, then it is not installed correctly. Please refer to the previous section on installing the plug-in for Mac platforms for more assistance on setting this up. Important: To control the GUITAR COMBOS parameters via MIDI, you need to assign a MIDI tracks output in Digital Performers tracks view to GUITAR COMBOS. Click on the output box and choose GUITAR COMBOS from the drop-down menu. Now record enable the MIDI track and you should be able to control the effect via MIDI. After having loaded an Instrument from the library you should be able to trigger it via MIDI using a keyboard controller. GUITAR COMBOSs sound will generate through Digital Performers mixer and directly to your sound card. If the plug-in does not receive MIDI or generate audio, then make sure to check the following two areas: 34 GUITAR COMBOS
Make sure Midi Patch Through is enabled in the Studio menu of Digital Performer. The MIDI channel of your MIDI track must correspond to the receive channel of the loaded instrument. Make sure that the instruments track output is correctly set. Make sure that you have properly congured your sound card for use with Digital Performer. Please refer to your Digital Performer manual for more information.
RTAS Plug-in
Using GUITAR COMBOS in Pro Tools 6
The RTAS format is an interface protocol for Mac OS and Windows that allows you to use plug-ins with ProTools independently from additional TDM hardware, while nonetheless offering the widest range of features. In this case, the host processor alone performs all of the computations for the plug-in. Launch Pro Tools Create a new Audio track File New Track Locate the channel mixer Windows Show mix The dark grey box at the topmost section of the Audio channel is the RTAS insert section. Click on the rst empty slot to show all available RTAS plug-ins.
Select Instrument
GUITAR COMBOS from the menu
Note: To control the GUITAR COMBOS parameters via MIDI, you need to create a correpsonding MIDI track and then route the output to GUITAR COMBOS by selecting the appropriate MIDI channel from the drop-down menu. Be sure to record enable the MIDI track before sending MIDI. GUITAR COMBOS 35
Instant Gratication
You dont want to read a manual. You want to start making cool sounds, so lets start. Well ll in the details later. To simplify matters well use GUITAR COMBOS in stand-alone mode, not as a plug-in with a host program. The screen shots show the Windows version, but Mac fans will have no trouble guring out how to do these steps on a Mac.
Please read this before you start

The following gives vital information on getting optimum results with GUITAR COMBOSs. If you need more detailed information about these concepts, please refer to Appendix A: Setup Details. You cannot plug a guitar into a standard sound card or computer audio interface input and obtain acceptable results. Use a high-quality, low latency audio interface (ASIO, Core Audio) with an Instrument input especially designed for guitar. For an overview of suitable products, check out www.ni-guitar-combos.com. You can also patch a guitaroriented DI (direct injection) box or preamp between your guitar and a standard audio interface input. We recommend audio interfaces with 24-bit A/D converters. This is vital for minimum noise. If your interface has a direct monitoring option, turn it off. Youll nd this option in any mixer-type application that came with your interface. Otherwise GUITAR COMBOS will not be in the signal path. Patch your interface output into a suitable monitoring system (or use headphones) and make sure the volume is turned down for now. GUITAR COMBOS has a lot of gain, and may blast your ears if the volume is up initially. GUITAR COMBOS is designed to feed a at frequency response amplication system, like a PA system, mixer, recorder, etc. It is not designed to feed into a guitar amp, because it already includes guitar amp and cabinet characteristics.
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Computer Setup for GUITAR COMBOS

1. Open the GUITAR COMBOS program (double-click on the GUITAR COMBOS desktop shortcut, or on the GUITAR COMBOS.exe program).
2. You may now see a dialog box that complains about something, like how your audio is set up. If so, click on OK and a screen should appear where you can adjust your audio setup. Otherwise, go File > Audio+MIDI Settings.
3. Click on the SoundCard tab. Interface will show the interface options installed on your computer. Choose ASIO or Core Audio as the interface type. Anything else is not recommended. GUITAR COMBOS 37
4. Select the Sample Rate. Make sure its supported by your audio interface start with 44100, because virtually all sound cards support that rate. Experiment later with higher sample rates, which give better delity.
5. Choose the Output Device. Caution: If youre not using Core Audio, select a driver written specically for your sound card or audio interface. A generic driver, like ASIO DirectX or ASIO Multimedia is not satisfactory. If a driver name includes the sound card or audio interface model number, or the name of the interfaces manufacturer, choose that one.
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6. Click on the Routing tab. It will probably already have defaulted to setting the Inputs and Outputs to the left and right channels of your audio interface. If not, click on Inputs and assign the Left input to Input 1, and the Right input to Input 2. Then click on Outputs, and assign the Left output to Output 1, and the Right output to Output 2.
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7.
MIDI is used for selecting presets and changing parameters by remote control. Please see Appendix B on MIDI for more information. The MIDI inputs default to off. To enable a MIDI input, click on its off label, and it will change to on. Note that it is not essential to use MIDI with GUITAR COMBOS.
8. Click on OK. Youre set up and ready to play!
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Is it working?
To do a quick sound check, go Demo Player > [musical example of your choice]. This sound runs through GUITAR COMBOS, so turn up the volume on your monitoring system. If you hear the demo example, then GUITAR COMBOSs output is hooked properly into your interface. To stop the demo, go Demo Player > Stop.
Now play your guitar. You should hear a very cool guitar amp sound with effects. If not, before proceeding refer to the Troubleshooting chapter.
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Check out the presets

The best way to discover GUITAR COMBOSs range of sounds is to audition the various presets, which were created by a team of expert sound programmers. The ones marked SC are optimized for single coil pickups, and HB, for humbuckers. However, you can still obtain some interesting sounds by using the wrong presets, so feel free to experiment. If you do not see a bank with several presets overlaid on the speaker grille, move your mouse cursor anywhere within the amp graphic, and the list will appear. Note: The ability to have the preset list disappear if youre not actively editing the amp is called Preset List Fade Out. This can be disabled if youd prefer the preset list to be always visible (go View > Disable Preset List Fading).
Click on a preset to load it into GUITAR COMBOS. Play away, and have fun!
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Other preset selection methods include: A MIDI controller that sends program changes can select individual presets directly. Use your computer keyboards Up/Down arrow cursors to browse through the list or presets (note: this doesnt work with some sequencers). (Advanced) Sending a MIDI Continuous Controller 10 message chooses the next higher-numbered preset. Sending a MIDI Continuous Controller 11 message chooses the next lower-numbered preset.
Basic Preset Tweaking

To change the setting of a virtual knob, click on it, then drag up to increase the value and down to decrease. Drag at an angle for ner resolution. To activate an effect, click on the small LED in the upper left corner of the effect. A red LED indicates the effect is on. If the LED is off, the effect is off. For example, the following picture shows where to turn the Twang Combo Skreamer effect on and off.
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GUITAR COMBOS Features

This chapter covers GUITAR COMBOS features except for editing the amp and effects parameters, which is in the next chapter.
The Tuner
GUITAR COMBOS includes a tuner where youve always wanted it right on the front panel!
To enable the tuner, click on the Tuner button. Play a note. The note name nearest to the detected pitch will show up to the right of the Tuner button. The scale to the right of the note name shows if the note is sharp (LED lights to the right of the middle calibration) or at (LED lights to the left of the middle calibration). The note is in tune when the LED lines up with the middle calibration.
For the best tuner performance: Play single notes only. Use the neck (bass) pickup and turn down the tone control to minimize display jitter. Picking very forcefully produces attack transients with lots of harmonics. So, the tuner takes longer to settle down and extract the pitch.
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The View Menu

The View menu lets you customize how GUITAR COMBOS appears onscreen.
Show/Hide Hints (Ctrl+T)

When your mouse passes over various parameters, hints appear that explain the parameter basics. Also, when you adjust a knob, a readout of the precise numerical value appears. If you do not want to see these, go View > Hide Hints or type Ctrl+T. To make them reappear, go View > Show Hints or type Ctrl+T.
Show/Hide Presets (Ctrl+P)

If you do not want to see the speaker grille that shows the list of presets, go View > Hide Presets or type Ctrl+P. Now GUITAR COMBOS looks more like an amp head. To make the list and grille reappear, go View > Show Presets or type Ctrl+P.
Shortcut: You can also click on the Show/Hide Preset List button to make the list disappear and reappear.
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Enable/Disable Preset List Fading

To have the preset list fade out if the mouse doesnt move for 10 seconds, then reappear when the mouse moves again, go View > Enable Preset List Fading. To have the presets never fade out, go View > Disable Preset List Fading.
The Demo Player

If youre really into programming presets, this is a very cool feature. Unless you have three hands, it can be hard to play guitar and tweak parameters at the same time. So, GUITAR COMBOS includes a demo player with MP3 les of several different styles of music. To use this feature. 1. 2. 3. 4. Click on the Demo Player menu item. Select the desired musical example. Tweak the parameters as the music plays. The example will keep looping. When youre done, click on Demo Player and select Stop.
And how does tweaking affect the parameters? Keep reading
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AC BOX COMBO PARAMETERS

The AC Box Combo is a exible amp modeler that also models tremolo and spring reverb effects. It emulates a 2 x 12 British 60s cabinet, miked offaxis, by an 87-type vintage condenser microphone. Here is what each control, switch, and parameter does, going from left to right (the way the signal ows).
Input Level Meter
Adjust your audio interface, preamp, or DI level so that the peaks of your playing hit just below maximum level. If the top-most (red) light illuminates, this indicates the onset of distortion. Reduce the level slightly.
Noise Gate On/Off (Button)
A noise gate shuts off the audio when youre not playing, and only residual noise is present. This is an intelligent noise gate that sets levels automatically. With your guitar not being played and picking up whatever noise its going to pick up, turn the noise gate function on. It will analyze the existing noise level, and set the gate threshold just above this level. To reset the level if something changes, turn the noise gate off, and repeat the same procedure.
GUITAR COMBOS 47
Input Volume (Knob)
AC Box Combo has three volume controls. This rst one adjusts the level of the audio coming into the amp. Assuming that your interface delivers the right amount of level to the amp, this would normally be set at 0.00. You can turn it up if you want to overload subsequent stages, or turn it down for a somewhat cleaner sound.
Treble Booster On/Off (Button)
The Treble Booster was used by Brian May (lead guitarist for Queen) to boost his AC. This effect adds a distinctive brightness that can really make a solo stand out, or add bite to rhythm parts. When enabled, this light glows red.
Treble Booster Boost (Knob)
This adjusts the amount of treble boost. The further you turn the knob clockwise, the greater the amount of boost.
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Treble Booster Bright (Knob)
Use this to change the timbre of the brightness. Turning the knob clockwise emphasizes the treble. Counterclockwise reduces the trebly quality of the brightness somewhat.
AC Box Volume (Knob)
This is the preamp Volume control at higher levels, it provides more distortion. Overloading this stage with the Input volume control can add even more distortion.
AC Box Treble (Knob)
At the middle position, this control has no effect. Turn it clockwise for a brighter sound, and counterclockwise to mellow out the sound a bit.
AC Box Bass (Knob)
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At the middle position, this control has no effect. Turn clockwise for a bigger bottom, and counterclockwise to reduce bass.
AC Box Tone Cut (Knob)
When counterclockwise, the amp responds normally. Turning the control clockwise scoops out the sound, making it warmer. A good use for this is to turn it counterclockwise for leads, and clockwise for chunky rhythms (this is also a good candidate for MIDI control, as described later in the manual).
Tremolo On/Off (Button)
Tremolo is a pulsing effect that changes the level in a periodic way. Tremolo was a huge part of Bo Diddleys famous guitar sound, much surf music, and was also featured in the 60s hit Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells. Click to enable the effect (the light glows red).
Tremolo Intensity (Knob)
This controls the depth of the pulsing effect from a mild, light pulsation, to a deep pulse thats like turning the volume up and down.
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Tremolo Rate (Knob)
Turn clockwise for a faster pulsing effect, and counterclockwise for a slower pulsing effect.
Spring Reverb On/Off (Button)
The spring reverb in many vintage amps provided a distinctive concert hall sound unlike any other kind of reverb effect. AC Box Combo accurately models a vintage spring reverb but this time, without the noise and hum pickup of mechanical units. Click to enable the reverb effect; when on, the light glows red. Like all good software reverbs, the reverb uses a fair amount of processing power turn it off when not in use.
Spring Reverb Reverb (Knob)
This sets the balance of the reverb (wet) sound compared to the dry sound. Turn Amount clockwise for more reverb effect, and counterclockwise for less reverb.
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Spring Reverb Time (Knob)
The reverb effect in a larger space takes longer to die out than in a smaller space. This control models the size of that space. Turn clockwise for a longerlasting reverb decay, and counterclockwise for a shorter reverb decay.
Output Volume (Knob)
This is like an amps Master Volume control, as it allows matching the output of AC Box Combo to your monitor amplier, PA system, or other at response amplication system (i.e., not a guitar amp or other amp that colors the sound). Use this control to set the nal output level, not to create overdrive or other tonal effects.
Output Level Meter
This monitors the overall level coming out of AC Box Combo. Set the Output Volume control for the maximum Output Level Meter reading short of clipping (as indicated by the meters highest red LED lighting). Any clipping at the output is caused by digital distortion, which unlike smooth analog distortion, should be avoided because it creates nasty harmonics.
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TWANG COMBO PARAMETERS

The Twang Combo is a exible amp modeler that also models effects. It emulates a 2 x 12 Tweed Green cabinet, miked by an on-axis, vintage tube condenser microphone. Here is what each control, switch, and parameter does, going from left to right (the way the signal ows).
Input Level Meter
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Input Volume (Knob)
Twang Combo has three volume controls. This rst one adjusts the level of the audio coming into the amp. Assuming that your interface delivers the right amount of level to the amp, this would normally be set at 0.00. You can turn it up if you want to overload subsequent stages, or turn it down for a somewhat cleaner sound.
Skreamer On/Off (Button)
Skreamer is a warm, smooth-sounding overdrive that works great for rhythm guitar and smooth leads. When enabled, this light glows red.
Skreamer Volume (Knob)
This sets the Skreamers output level. Use this control to adjust the desired level compared to when the Skreamer is bypassed.
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Skreamer Tone (Knob)
Turn clockwise for bright, screaming leads and biting rhythms. Counterclockwise gives a mellower, darker sound.
Skreamer Drive (Knob)
This determines the Skreamers crunch factor. Clockwise gives more distortion. If you turn down Drive and set Tone to a fairly neutral value (e.g., between 4 and 6), it works like a booster for the Twang effect and provides some crunchy, but polite, sounds.
Chorus On/Off (Button)
Click to enable the chorus effect (the light glows red).
Chorus Intensity (Knob)
Turning up the Intensity control makes the chorusing effect more noticeable. GUITAR COMBOS 55
Twang Volume (Knob)
This is the preamp Volume control at higher levels, it provides more crunch. However, as Twang Combo is designed to be a fairly clean amp, use this mostly to add a little saturation; the Skreamer effect is the key to serious distortion.
Twang Treble (Knob)
Twang Mid (Knob)
At the middle position, this control has no effect. Turn it clockwise for a beeer sound, and counterclockwise for a thinner sound.
Twang Bass (Knob)
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Bright (Switch)
Turning this on brightens up the overall sound and gives more presence.
Vibrato On/Off (Button)
Although vintage amps called this effect vibrato, technically speaking, its tremolo a pulsing effect that changes the level in a periodic way. Tremolo was a huge part of Bo Diddleys famous guitar sound, much surf music, and was also featured in the 60s hit Crimson and Clover by Tommy James and the Shondells. Click to enable the effect (the light glows red).
Vibrato Amount (Knob)
This controls the depth of the pulsing effect from a mild, light pulsation, to a deep pulse thats like turning the volume up and down.
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Vibrato Speed (Knob)
Turn clockwise for a faster pulsing effect, and counterclockwise for a slower pulsing effect.
Reverb On/Off (Button)
The spring reverb in many vintage amps provided a distinctive concert hall sound unlike any other kind of reverb effect. Twang Combo accurately models a vintage spring reverb (except, of course, for its annoying tendency to pick up hum!). Click to enable the reverb effect; when on, the light glows red. Like all good software reverbs, the reverb uses a fair amount of processing power turn it off if youre not using it.
Reverb Amount (Knob)
This sets the balance of the reverb (wet) sound compared to the dry sound. Turn Amount clockwise for more reverb effect, and counterclockwise for less reverb.
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Reverb Time (Knob)
The reverb effect in a larger space takes longer to die out than in a smaller space. This control models the size of that space. Turn clockwise for a longerlasting reverb decay, and counterclockwise for a shorter reverb decay.
This is like an amps Master Volume control, as it allows matching the output of Twang Combo to your monitor amplier, PA system, or other at response amplication system (i.e., not a guitar amp or other amp that colors the sound). Use this control to set the nal output level, not to create overdrive or other tonal effects.
Output Level Meter
This monitors the overall level coming out of Twang Combo. Set the Output Volume control for the maximum Output Level Meter reading short of clipping (as indicated by the meters highest red LED lighting). Any clipping at the output is caused by digital distortion, which unlike smooth analog distortion, should be avoided because it creates nasty harmonics.
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PLEXI COMBO PARAMETERS

The Plexi Combo is a shredders delight that sounds great on hard rock, metal, grunge, and psychedelic rock. Not only does it have two distortion sections, but also check out the cool delay. This model emulates a 2 x 12 custom cabinet, miked on-axis with a 609type dynamic mic. Here is what each control, switch, and parameter does, going from left to right (the way the signal ows).
Input Level Meter
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Input Volume (Knob)
Plexi Combo has three volume controls. This rst one adjusts the level of the audio coming into the amp. Assuming that your interface delivers the right amount of level to the amp, this would normally be set at 0.00. You can turn it up if you want to overload subsequent stages, or turn it down for a somewhat cleaner sound.
Big Fuzz On/Off (Button)
Of the two distortion sections, Big Fuzz tends toward a fatter, more over the top sound. When enabled, this light glows red. Note that you can enable both distortions at once if you want to go from dirty to lthy.
Big Fuzz Volume (Knob)
This adjusts the Big Fuzz output level, but if turned way up, can also overload subsequent stages for more distortion.
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Big Fuzz Sustain (Knob)
This sets the amount of overload within the fuzz itself. Turning it up increases the sustain of notes, as well as adds more grunge to the sound.
Big Fuzz Tone (Knob)
This is a very sophisticated tone control. When fully counterclockwise, it gives a peaked, cutting sound. Turning Tone clockwise increases the brightness of the peak, but past about 2/3 of the way up, the sound opens up and becomes more full range. Experiment with these settings, but also note their effect changes as you change the Sustain knob.
Cat On/Off (Button)
The Cat distortion provides a more dened, detailed distortion than the Big Fuzz. When enabled, this light glows red.
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Cat Volume (Knob)
This adjusts the Cat output level, but if turned up, can also overload subsequent stages for more distortion.
Cat Distortion (Knob)
This sets the amount of overload within the distortions virtual circuitry. Turning it fully clockwise gives the dirtiest sound, but also mellows the tone a bit. Note: Dont overlook some of the great sounds you can get out of this section with low to moderate amounts of distortion, especially for rhythm guitar parts.
Cat Filter (Knob)
Turning this knob counterclockwise adds a trebly edge to the sound, while turning it clockwise takes off some of this edge. Note that this control has no effect if the Cat Vol control is set to maximum.
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Plexi Volume (Knob)
This is the preamp Volume control at higher levels, it provides more of a vintage, crunchy tone than a high-gain distortion. Overloading this stage with the Input volume control, or the distortion Output controls, can increase the amount of distortion.
Plexi Bass (Knob)
Plexi Middle (Knob)
At the middle position, this control has no effect. Turn clockwise for a more aggressive sound, and counterclockwise for a more sedate tone.
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Plexi Treble (Knob)
Plexi Presence (Knob)
This is sort of like a subtler version of the Treble knob. At the middle position, this control has no effect. Turn it clockwise to lift the sound up a bit and make it more prominent; counterclockwise buries the sound in a track a bit more.
Delay On/Off (Button)
The Delay effect takes the input signal and plays it back, but delayed by up to 2 seconds. The output can feed back to the input, thus producing a series of echoes that can be mixed with the straight signal. Click to enable the effect (the light glows red).
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Delay Dry-Wet (Knob)
This sets the balance of the delayed (wet) and straight (dry) signals; you rarely want to hear the sound of the delayed signal by itself. With longer echoes, the amount of delayed sound will depend on how murky a sound you want. Increasing the amount of delayed sound (turning the knob clockwise) gives a swimming-in-echo effect, while adding in only a little delayed sound provides more of an ambience effect.
Delay Time (Knob)
Sets the elapsed time between hitting a note and hearing the delayed version. The time is variable from 10 milliseconds to 2 seconds.
Delay Feedback (Knob)
This determines how much of the output feeds back into the input. Minimum feedback gives a single echo; turning the control more clockwise adds more repeats, until at maximum, the repeats continue indenitely.
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Delay Reverse (Switch)
Enabling reverse plays back subsequent echoes in reverse, like the reverse tape sounds commonly heard on many albums from 60s (especially Jimi Hendrix). Its a really great effect, so check it out.
This is like an amps Master Volume control, as it allows matching Plexi Combos output of to your monitor amplier, PA system, or other at response amplication system (i.e., not a guitar amp or other amp that colors the sound). Use this control to set the nal output level, not to create overdrive or other tonal effects.
Output Level Meter
This monitors the overall level coming out of Plexi Combo. Set the Output Volume control for the maximum Output Level Meter reading short of clipping (as indicated by the meters highest red LED lighting). Any clipping at the output is caused by digital distortion, which unlike smooth analog distortion, should be avoided because it creates nasty harmonics.
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Preset management
Editing a Preset causes the SAVE label to light. This is to remind you that if you want to preserve any changes, you need to save them.
Save
If you like the changes you made to the preset and want to overwrite the presets original, pre-edited settings, click on Save.
Save As
If you like the changes you made to the preset but dont want to overwrite older settings, click on Save As. You will see a dialog box that allows changing the preset number (where the edited preset will be saved) and you can also rename the preset.
To specify where the preset will be saved, click on the number eld, and drag the mouse up to increment the number, and down to decrement. Or, doubleclick on the number eld and type in a preset number. Note that a leading zero is not needed: For example, to save to preset 5, just type 5, not 05. 68 GUITAR COMBOS
To edit the preset name: Click and drag over the section you want to change, and type in the changes. Or Double-click in the name eld and type in the new name. Or Hit the Space bar to clear the name, and type in a new name. After doing your edits, you can: Hit return or click on Save. The preset will be saved, and the dialog box will close. Or Click on Cancel if you change your mind about saving. The dialog box will close.
Delete
To delete a preset, click on the Delete button.
Save All Presets as Bank
To save all Presets as a Bank le, go File > Save Bank+Presets or type Ctrl+S. This will be saved as GUITAR COMBOS.bnk within the folder Native Instruments > GUITAR COMBOS > Presets.
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Export as Guitar Rig Bank
To save all Presets as a Bank le that can be loaded into Native Instruments Guitar Rig, go File > Export as Guitar Rig Bank. You can name this le, and it will be saved as a Guitar Rig .bnk (Bank) le. This is a great feature for those who upgrade to NIs agship Guitar Rig system, as you can keep using your GUITAR COMBOS patches. Check www.nativeinstruments.com for details on upgrade options.
Advanced Preset Functions

Right-click on a Preset to bring up a menu of advanced functions.
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Please note: In the list below, functions marked with an asterisk (*) can also be accessed from the Edit menu. Rename. Start typing to clear the existing name and enter the new name, or click and drag over the section you want to change, and type in the changes. You can also hit the Space bar or double-click to clear the name before typing in a new one. Hit return when youre done, or click on another preset. Cut. Removes the preset data and stores it on the clipboard. You can then paste this data into a different preset location. This is handy when you want to rearrange the preset order. Copy. Copies the preset data to the clipboard and leaves the original preset data intact. Paste. Pastes the clipboard data to the preset, Delete. Removes the preset data, but does not store it to the clipboard. Deleted data cannot be pasted or retrieved. Select All. Selects all non-empty presets. Clean-Up. Closes up presets so there are no empty presets in between other presets. Example: If you have presets in slots 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 (no preset in slots 4 or 6), and select Clean-Up, the preset in slot 5 will move down into slot 4, and the presets in slots 7, 8, and 9 will move down to occupy slots 5, 6, 7. Now all presets are located in slots 1-7.
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MIDI Control
If youre not familiar with the basic principles of MIDI, please refer to Appendix B on MIDI. This explains how MIDI works, and why its useful to guitar players.
Assigning Parameters to MIDI Controllers

Its very easy to assign a GUITAR COMBOS parameter to a MIDI continuous controller, such as the kind generated by a MIDI hardware fader box, footpedal, and the like. Each preset can have its own controller setup (e.g., continuous controller #1 could control Input Volume in one preset, and Bass in a different preset). 1. Right-click on the GUITAR COMBOS parameter to be linked to a controller. The Learn/Clear menu appears.
2. Click on Learn. 3. Move the controller you want to use to control the parameter. 4. GUITAR COMBOS will analyze the incoming signal, and assign the parameter to that controller. 5. Save the preset, or the controller assignments will be lost when you switch to a different preset. Note: If you later assign that same controller to a different parameter, the original assignment will be removed in favor of the newer assignment.
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Clearing a Parameter MIDI Assignment

1. Right-click on the GUITAR COMBOS parameter to be cleared. The Learn/Clear menu appears. If more than one controller is listed, the top one is the controller assigned to the selected parameter.
2. Click on Clear. 3. Save the preset, or any cleared parameters will return to their original assignments when you switch to a different preset.
The Controller Assignment Shortcut Menu

As you assign more controllers to various parameters, GUITAR COMBOS builds a list of these controllers. You see this list when you right-click on a knob or switch. Each controller is numbered, and shows the actual controller number. For example, if you see Controller 1 (MIDI CC: #14), this means that the rst controller you assigned was MIDI continuous controller #14. The top-most entry pertains to the knob or switch on which you right-clicked. This menu also provides a shortcut to reassigning controls. Instead of having to clear and then re-learn a control, you can simply select one of the controllers from the list.
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In the following example, the Twang Combo Skreamer Drive control has been right-clicked. The top entry of the controller list shows that it is currently assigned to Controller 3 (MIDI CC: #77). However, it is being reassigned to Controller 4 (MIDI CC: #78), as shown by the cursor clicking on it.
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Assigning Parameters to MIDI Notes

In addition to responding to continuous controllers, GUITAR COMBOS parameters can also respond to MIDI notes. This is an obvious control choice for parameters with two states (e.g., on/off) as note up means off and note down means on. However, notes can also be used with controls where key up selects the controls minimum value, and key down selects the maximum value. 1. 2. 3. 4. Right-click on the parameter to be linked to a MIDI controller. Click on Learn. Play the note you want to use to control the parameter. GUITAR COMBOS will analyze the incoming signal, and assign the parameter to that note or switch. 5. Save the preset, or any assignments will be lost when you switch to a different preset.
Assigning Programs to Program Change Commands

It is not necessary to do anything. GUITAR COMBOSs 64 presets are hard wired to 64 MIDI program change commands (e.g., Program Change command 15 will call up GUITAR COMBOS Preset 15).
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Using GUITAR COMBOS with a Host Program

Although GUITAR COMBOS works just ne in standalone mode, its power is multiplied when used with a multitrack host program like Pro Tools, Cubase, Sonar, Digital Performer, Logic, etc. Part of this is because GUITAR COMBOS allows you to change the fundamental sound of your guitar part at any time, right up until the nal mixdown, through a process called virtual re-amping. First, though, lets discuss how to insert it into a track.
Installing GUITAR COMBOS as an Effect

Although some programs let you install GUITAR COMBOS as an instrument because it works with both audio and MIDI, you will want to install it as a signal processing plug-in. For example, with Sonar, GUITAR COMBOS is classied as a DXi instrument because it works with audio but also accepts MIDI and tempo information. However, do not use the Insert > DXi Synth option to insert GUITAR COMBOS. Instead, treat it like a signal processor: 1. Right-click in an audio tracks FX eld and go DXi Synth > NI > GUITAR COMBOS. 2. If you want to control GUITAR COMBOS via MIDI, also create a MIDI track and assign its output to GUITAR COMBOS. As another example, in Cubase SX you would install GUITAR COMBOS in almost exactly the same way: Click on an audio tracks e button to bring up the VST Audio Channel Settings, and insert GUITAR COMBOS as a plug-in. Then, create a MIDI track and assign its output to GUITAR COMBOS.
About Re-Amping
In the early days of recording, once you recorded a guitar part there was little you could do to modify the basic sound other than add processing during mixdown. Then people got the idea to record just the straight guitar sound on tape, and on playback, send this through a variety of amps and cabinets to nd the perfect sound. This process is commonly called re-amping. Low-latency sound cards, sophisticated hard disk recording software, and plug-ins have made re-amping possible in our virtual world. But its much 76 GUITAR COMBOS
easier than re-amping with hardware. For starters, you dont have to string any cables around, or set up mics. The basic procedure is to insert GUITAR COMBOS as a plug-in, and monitor your playing through the plug-in (which is why low sound card latency is important; you dont want to hear a delay while youre playing). This way you can hear the sound of the amp and other processors as you play. But note that the program itself will record your straight guitar sound the one hitting the sound card input before GUITAR COMBOS processes it. Therefore, to re-amp, all you need to do is try different parameter settings within GUITAR COMBOS while the track plays back. For example, if you thought recording without the spring reverb was a good idea but later wished youd added it, you dont have to re-record the track; just enable the reverb on playback.
Avoid Zero-Latency Monitoring Options!

As mentioned earlier (we cant stress this enough!), avoid zero-latency (direct monitoring) options or you wont hear your guitar being processed by GUITAR COMBOS.
Total Recall
When using GUITAR COMBOS with a host program, when you save a hosts project, it captures whatever is in GUITAR COMBOSs buffer. So, if you have modied a preset compared to how it was when you started, no problem when you recall the project, the preset will be recalled exactly as you left it.
Typical Examples
Here are some examples of how to record through hosts so you can hear your playing though the plug-in, as well as record your guitar if desired. These assume your audio interface has been hooked up correctly, and is recognized by the host program.
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Playing Live Through Cubase SX

1. Create an audio track. 2. Go Devices > VST Connections and make sure the input(s) being fed by the guitar are enabled. 3. Click on the tracks Record and Monitor (Speaker icon) buttons so that the track is record-ready and in monitor mode. 4. You have a choice of several monitoring modes; go File > Preferences then click on VST. Click on the arrow in the Auto Monitoring eld. Tapemachine Style is generally best, as this automatically enables input monitoring while stopped and recording, but monitors the recorded track on playback. After making your selection, click on OK. 5. Play your guitar and check the tracks meter to verify that its receiving the input source. 6. Open up the tracks VST Channel Settings window by clicking on the e button. 7. Add GUITAR COMBOS as an Insert Effect. 8. You should now hear your input source being processed by GUITAR COMBOS. If you start recording, Cubase will record the unprocessed input source.
Playing Live Through Sonar

1. Make sure there is no feedback loop from the host output back to the input. Until you know everything is working properly, keep your monitor speaker volume low. 2. In Sonar, go Audio Options > Drivers, and make sure the driver for the hardware input you want to use is enabled. 3. Choose the track into which you want to record. Right-click on its FX eld and go DXi Synth > NI > GUITAR COMBOS. 4. Enable recording on the GUITAR COMBOS audio track, and make sure the appropriate hardware input is selected in the tracks I (Input) eld. 5. Turn on the Input Echo function (in the Track view, click on the button to the right of the tracks Record button). It will glow green and you should hear your input source. 6. Enable the GUITAR COMBOS audio tracks Record button, and go!
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Automating Plug-In Parameters

Automation techniques for various sequencer hosts depends on the host; refer to its documentation for details. However, your basic automation options will likely be as follows: Create and edit automation envelopes within the host that drive GUITAR COMBOS parameters Manipulating GUITAR COMBOS controls in real time, and recording the movements as envelopes or other automation data Controlling GUITAR COMBOS parameters via MIDI, and recording the MIDI data in a MIDI track that feeds the GUITAR COMBOS.
A Typical Automation Application

The following example shows how to automate GUITAR COMBOS within Cakewalks Sonar. However, even if you dont have Sonar, the same principles apply to most other hosts. The reason for choosing Sonar is that it accommodates all three automation methods mentioned above, so you can likely translate the procedure into something that works for your host program of choice. Well also discuss VST automation techniques.
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Sonar Automation Options

To create and edit automation envelopes: 1. Right-click on the track into which GUITAR COMBOS is inserted, and go Envelopes > Create Track Envelope and click on GuitarCombo.
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2. A dialog box appears that lists all controllable parameters in GUITAR COMBOS. Check the boxes for parameters that should have envelopes, then click on OK.
3. Envelopes will now appear within the track, which you can edit using standard techniques: Double-click to create a breakpoint, click on a breakpoint and drag to change its value or position, etc.
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To record GUITAR COMBOS knob movements as envelopes: 1. Right-click on the label GUITAR COMBOS that appears in the FX eld, and select Arm Parameter.
2. A dialog box appears that lists all controllable parameters in GUITAR COMBOS. Check the boxes for parameters you want to be able to automate by moving their controls, then click on OK. The following example shows Twang Combo parameters.
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3. Click on the Record Automation icon, and move the onscreen GUITAR COMBOS controls you want to automate.
4. When you stop recording automation, envelopes will appear in the track view that correspond to the knob movements you made. They will move the GUITAR COMBOS knobs on playback, and can be edited using standard envelope editing techniques. To control GUITAR COMBOS via MIDI and record the MIDI data: 1. Assuming you have created a MIDI track, assigned its output to GUITAR COMBOS, and assigned one or more GUITAR COMBOS parameters to an external MIDI control, enable Recording on the MIDI track. 2. Click on the Transport Record button. 3. Move your MIDI controller knobs/faders as desired. This will be recorded as data in the MIDI track. 4. On playback, this data plays back into GUITAR COMBOS.
VST Automation
Most VST automation (e.g., in Cubase SX) involves clicking on GUITAR COMBOSs W(write) button, clicking on Play in the transport, then moving the on-screen controls you want to automate. On playback, unclick W(rite) and click on R(ead). The knob movements will play back. Control changes will also be represented as editable envelopes. To access an envelope youve created, open an Automation Subtrack, click on the Envelope eld, and select the envelope you want to edit. Automation can also be done via MIDI, as described above for Sonar. GUITAR COMBOS 83
NI Bonus Features
Click on the NI logo in the amps upper right hand corner to bring up the About NI GUITAR COMBOS screen. It has several functions, which are particularly relevant if your computer is connected to the Internet.
About Tab
This shows a list of the dedicated mad scientists, musicians, and consultants who gave up nights and weekends to bring you this really cool guitar amp simulator. It also shows your programs version number in the upper left corner and serial number in the lower left corner.
Update Tab
If your computer is connected to the net, click on Update and GUITAR COMBOS will check the NI web site for any available updates. You can also click on NI Website to go directly to the web site and check for news, nd out about special promotions, manage your authorizations, and so on.
Support Tab
Native Instruments is proud to continue its tradition of offering free technical support to registered users. Of course, youve read the manual, so youre probably not having any problems with GUITAR COMBOS anyway. But if you ever do have problems, click on Knowledge Base to connect to a database of common questions and answers, or Support to request online support.
Various Tab
Here is where you can access: Tutorials to help you become better at your art. The Forum where you can discuss GUITAR COMBOS and computer music with other users. An Events calendar to nd out about NI-related events such as trade shows, workshops, live events, and movie premieres (okay, were just kidding about the movie premieres). The Artists section, with interviews of famous NI product users and collections of artist-related links. 84 GUITAR COMBOS
Troubleshooting
Problem: The guitar sounds like its playing through a delay set to delayed sound only. Solution #1: A low-latency driver is not selected. Go File > Audio+MIDI Setup > SoundCard tab, and select ASIO or Core Audio as the Interface. Solution #2: The wrong driver is selected. Go File > Audio+MIDI Setup > SoundCard tab, and look at the options under Output Device. Choose the one thats written specically for your interface (usually the last one on the list, but in any event, not ASIO DirectX Full Duplex Driver or ASIO Multimedia Driver. Solution #3: You have selected a low-latency interface and driver, but the interface latency adjustment is not set correctly. Go File > Audio+MIDI Setup > SoundCard tab, and click on ASIO Cong. This should take you to a control panel where you can adjust latency. If this does not take you to a suitable control panel, then there is probably a separate application that was installed on your computer when you installed the audio interface. Wherever you end up adjusting the latency, set it for 10ms or less, or 256 samples or less. Solution #4: Your audio interface does not support a low-latency driver, or a low-latency driver is not installed. Check the manufacturers web site for an updated driver. If there isnt any, re-install the interface drivers using the ones that came with the product. If no low-latency driver is available, you need a new interface (which you would need for any modern music program anyway).
Problem: There is dry sound only no amp or effects sounds. Solution: Turn off direct monitoring for your audio interface. This option will be found in any mixer-type application thats included with your audio interface.
Problem: The sound is very noisy, especially with distortion. Solution #1: Make sure your audio interface has 24-bit A/D converters. 16-bit converters generate noise that gets amplied by the GUITAR COMBOSs high gain. Solution #2: Your pickups may be picking up noise. Re-orient your
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guitar and see if that reduces the noise. Note that LCD monitors generate less noise than CRT types, and guitars with piezo pickups do not pick up electromagnetic interference. Solution #3: You are using a guitar with active pickups and the preamp is generating noise. If possible, use a guitar with standard passive pickups, or at least activate the GUITAR COMBOSs noise gate function.
Problem: I hear the amp and effects okay, but there are crackles, pops, or audio dropouts. Solution #1: The latency is set too low, and your computer is not fast enough to handle it. Go File > Audio+MIDI Setup > SoundCard tab, and click on ASIO Cong. This should take you to a control panel where you can adjust latency. If this does not take you to a suitable control panel, then there is probably a separate application that was installed on your computer when you installed the audio interface. In either case, increase the amount of latency to the lowest amount possible that does not produce audio problems. Solution #2: If the audio quality is good only if the latency has to be so high that the amount of delay is unacceptable, rst refer to the troubleshooting question The guitar sounds like its playing through a delay for a possible solution. If changing the Interface and/or Output Device does not solve the problem, you will need either a newer interface that supports low-latency operation or, if you have a suitable interface, then you need to treat yourself to a faster computer (e.g., at least a G4 or Pentium III). High-performance computers are essential for programs with extensive real-time processing.
Problem: The guitar sounds mufed, like there arent any high frequencies. Solution #1: Check your amp settings to make sure that the Treble control is not turned down accidentally, and also make sure the tone control on your guitar is turned all the way up. Solution #2: There is an impedance mismatch between your guitar and audio interface. If your interface does not have a special input designed to accept guitar, you will need to patch a DI box or preamp designed to handle guitar signals between the guitar output and audio interface input.
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Appendix A: Setup Details

Getting a software guitar amp to work is like a combination lock. If the following three elements are in place, youll have a great experience. If not, youll miss out on what makes plug-ins so much fun. Software: The GUITAR COMBOS software is the one part you dont have to worry about, because the engineers at NI have tweaked them for guitar applications. Just check the NI web site periodically for any performance-enhancing updates; even better, subscribe to NIs product newsletter to receive emails regarding the GUITAR COMBOS software. Hardware: This is the audio interface (also called sound card) that connects your guitars audio to your computer. A standard sound card will not deliver satisfactory results, but well present several possible solutions shortly. Audio Driver: This is the software that shuttles data from the audio interface to your computer, and is provided with the interface. Well-engineered ASIO and Core Audio drivers make a tight connection, where it feels like youre really playing through an amp. Substandard drivers, like MME and DirectSound, are not recommended because they create a signicant delay (called latency) between the time you play a string and when you hear it denitely not cool. Lets look at the hardware and drivers in detail.
Audio Interface Hardware

A guitar with standard pickups generates a weak signal. Most sound cards have line level inputs that accept strong signals (e.g., CD players, synthesizers, etc.). Plugging a guitar into a line input will give a very low level sound, and will lack high frequencies because of an impedance mismatch. We dont need to cover impedance in detail just note that a guitar should feed an input with an impedance of 100k or more (as listed in an interfaces spec sheet). Some sound cards have mic level inputs, which you dont want to use either. They are too sensitive, so a guitar will overload it, and mic inputs also tend to be noisy. Here are four solutions to properly interface guitar or bass with your computer.
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Audio Interface with Guitar (Instrument) Input

Some audio interfaces include a special Guitar or Instrument input. This provides gain and presents a high input impedance to preserve frequency response. This is the easiest way to interface guitar properly with your computer and is highly recommended. Check www.ni-guitar-combos.com for an overview of audio interfaces with instrument inputs.
External DI or Preamp
There are DI (Direct Injection) and Preamp devices designed to interface guitar with standard mixers. These also provide gain and impedance matching. Inserting this type of box between your guitar and your audio interfaces line level will match your guitar to the audio interface.
Guitar Stomp Box

A guitar stomp box that doesnt color the sound much, like a compressor set for minimum compression or a preamp, can also patch between your guitar and an interfaces line level input. You will need to make sure its circuitry is active, not bypassed. This is not as good as the previous two solutions but will usually work.
Do It Yourself Buffer Board

If you are handy with a soldering iron or know someone who is, a small buffer circuit can be built that provides some gain and impedance matching for your guitar. Appendix B includes a simple schematic for this type of device.
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Internal vs. External Audio Interfaces

Internal interfaces use a PCI card, PC-Card, or PCMCIA card. Audio connectors either mount directly to these cards, or are in a breakout box that connects to the card by a multiconductor cable. In general, internal interfaces provide the lowest latencies. External interfaces attach to the computer via USB or FireWire. While generally a tiny bit slower than internal interfaces, they still provide acceptable performance.
Choosing the right Audio Driver

Audio Drivers are pieces of code that handle communications between your computer and audio interface. Your audio interface will probably come with several drivers. Please note: Interfaces often provide several drivers, and you need to choose the right one some give far better performance than others. Drivers are often updated to improve performance. Check the audio interface manufacturers web site periodically to check for updated drivers.
About Low-Latency Audio Drivers

GUITAR COMBOSs work with two low-latency audio driver types: ASIO (Advanced Streaming Input Output, for Mac or Windows). This was originally developed by Steinberg. Core Audio (Mac only). This low-latency protocol was created by Apple for the Macintosh, starting with OS X.
Although other audio drivers may work with the GUITAR COMBOSs, this is not recommended as you will experience unacceptable latency.
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Warning #1: Choose the Right ASIO Driver

Its extremely important to use the ASIO driver written for the card youre using. There are also generic ASIO drivers, typically called (for Windows) ASIO DirectX Full Duplex Driver or ASIO Multimedia Driver. Please refer to the Audio+Midi Setup dialog and screenshot for details. You can usually identify a custom driver because its name will include the model number, audio interface name, or name of the interfaces manufacturer.
Warning #2: Avoid Direct Monitoring

You may have heard about a sound card feature called direct monitoring, which reduces latency by sending the sound cards audio input signal directly to its audio output. However, this bypasses the computer, which means it also bypasses Combos processing. Make sure direct monitoring is turned off in your sound cards control panel software. The example below shows a typical mixer applet, used with Terratec cards. Note the sliders for Analog In theyre muted to make sure the input doesnt feed to the output.
The next example shows a Mac running OS X, using an Emagic A62m interface. Note how all the input sliders in the lower left hand corner are turned all the way off to make sure they dont appear in the output.
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Optimizing your system

Okay, we have a good hardware interface, and chosen the right driver. Now lets optimize the system for minimum latency. But rst, lets cover a little theory. Audio cannot be handled continuously by a computer, but has to wait its turn while other operations are being carried out. As a result, sound cards create a buffer, which can store and later release data to create a smooth data ow. If theres an interruption in the data ow for a little bit, no problem: Theres some reserve in the buffer. An analogy would be if you had a hose that didnt deliver water continuously, but in bursts. So, you use a bucket to store the water from the hose, and release the water from the bucket as a smooth, continuous ow. If the bucket (buffer) is large, then you can store more water in case the hose goes dry for a bit. But it will take longer to ll the bucket, which is equivalent to latency. A smaller bucket takes less time to ll, but the hose had better deliver water on a pretty continuous basis. All ASIO audio interfaces and sound cards include a control panel where you can adjust latency. This may be given as the number of samples per buffer, as shown in the Terratec EWX control panel:
Note that the Terratec EWX ASIO control panel lets you choose a particular number of samples/buffer. The display then shows the resulting latency. In this example, 256 samples/buffer has been selected, giving latency of just under 6 ms at 44.1kHz. Setting this to 128 samples/buffer will reduce the latency, but may stress out your computer more. Some control panels simply show the latency that results from choosing a
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particular setting in milliseconds. For example, Creamwares ASIO control panel simply lets you choose the desired latency; buffers are adjusted behind the scenes within the Creamware Scope application (in this case, to 128 samples). The Device Setup panel in Cubase conrms the latency, which is about 4 ms, but doesnt indicate the buffer size.
How Low Can You Go?

1.5 ms of latency approaches the theoretical minimum, because it will always take some time to convert analog to digital, then back to analog again at the output (even digital effects pedals have some delay). However, note that ultra-low latency settings (or higher sampling rates) make your computer work harder, which may lead to audio clicks, pops, or dropouts. If your Control Panel shows latency in milliseconds, anything over 10 ms or so gives an audible delay. 5-6 ms is a good compromise between speed and minimum stress to your computer. If your Control Panel relates latency to samples, 256 samples/buffer is a good choice. If your system can handle 128 or 64 samples without problems, then go for it! 512 samples may also be acceptable, but anything more will create too much delay. If you cant get reliable audio with 512 samplesits time for a better computer.
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Appendix B: About MIDI

Many musicians think that MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is just for keyboard players, However, GUITAR COMBOS makes good use of MIDI control and offer many options to adventurous guitarists. The complete MIDI spec is fairly deep and complex. Fortunately for MIDIphobes, there are only a few parts of the spec that relate to multieffects control, so theres not really that much to learn. Lets start with MIDI basics.
MIDI Basics
A MIDI system requires something that sends MIDI messages (such as a footpedal or footswitch that says make the instrument louder, select this effect, add more echo, etc.) and something that receives these messages and acts on them, like GUITAR COMBOS. Of course, this assumes your computer has a MIDI input so that your GUITAR COMBOS can receive MIDI messages. Basically, MIDI is a catch-all name for the process of sending control messages from one device (e.g., a footswitch) to another device (e.g., GUITAR COMBOS) over a MIDI cable. Host sequencers also use MIDI data to provide automation for GUITAR COMBOS when its serving as a plug-in. There are many different kinds of MIDI messages, most of which relate to keyboards, sequencers, drum machines, lighting controllers, tape recorders, and other gear we can ignore. With GUITAR COMBOS, you need to know about only two kinds of MIDI messages: program changes (which call up different Presets) and continuous controller messages (which alter effects parameters in real time).
MIDI Connections
Your computers sound card probably has a MIDI in jack (receives MIDI message) and MIDI out jack that transmits MIDI messages. There may also be a MIDI thru jack, which provides a duplicate of the signal at the MIDI in jack.
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About Program Changes

To understand the need for program changes, consider the early days of effects when guitarists started connecting lots of boxes compressors, phase shifters, echo units, wah-wahs, etc. with patch cords. The more processors you had, the more difcult it became to bring in multiple effects simultaneously; you had to hit a bunch of footswitches at once, so fancy tap dancing became a necessity. MIDI program changes solved that by being able to send a single message that would cause all these boxes to jump to the same program number. With GUITAR COMBOS, each of the 64 presets can be called up by 64 program change commands. Several MIDI footswitches generate program change messages. The only caution is that some start their numbering at 0, and some at 1. If the former, then sending (for example) program change 10 will actually call up program 11 on GUITAR COMBOS because it starts its program numbering at 1.
About Continuous Controllers

Changing from one program to another is a good start, but sometimes youd like to vary a particular parameter within an individual program (volume, vibrato amount, chorus intensity, etc.). When you call up a programs parameter, you usually change its value by turning a knob. The idea of continuous controllers came about because synthesizers and effects have pedals, knobs, levers, and other physical controllers that alter some aspect of the sound over a continuous range of values (this is why theyre called continuous controllers, as opposed to a controller such as an on-off switch, which only selects between two possible values). Unlike a program change, which is a single event, continuous controllers generate a series of events, such as a volume fade-in (each event raises the volume a bit more than the previous event), or change in some other parameter (e.g., increasing chorus intensity). Like program changes, continuous controller messages are transmitted over a MIDI output and received by a MIDI input. The transmitter usually digitizes the physical controller motion into 128 discrete values (0-127). For example, pulling the controllers pedal all the way back generates a value of 0. Pushing
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down on the pedal increases the value until at midpoint, the pedal generates a value of 64. Continuing to push on the pedal until its all the way down generates a value of 127. Note that continuous controller transmitters only send messages reecting a change; for example, leaving a pedal in one position doesnt transmit any messages until you change the pedals physical position.
Continuous Controller Numbers

MIDI tags each continuous controller message with an ID from 0 to 127. However, GUITAR COMBOS doesnt have that many controllable parameters, so youll typically use only a few controllers at a time. When controlling GUITAR COMBOS with continuous controllers, the basic idea is to assign a particular parameter (volume, bass, reverb amount, etc.) to a particular continuous controller number. With GUITAR COMBOS, this is particularly easy thanks to the Learn function. At the receiving end, the parameter being controlled changes in response to incoming message values. For example, if youre controlling Twang Volume and it receives a value of 0, volume is at minimum. When it receives a value of 64, the volume is halfway up and upon receiving a value of 127, the volume is up all the way.
96 GUITAR COMBOS
Appendix C: Build a BUFFER BOARD

The Buffer Board is a unity-gain buffer that patches between your guitar and sound card (audio interface). It buffers (isolates) your guitars pickups from the interface inputs, thus allowing them to deliver their maximum possible output without any signicant loss of high frequencies due to loading from subsequent stages. Although the buffer board is not a preamp, gain is not always necessary to allow stock pickups to drive audio interfaces to a reasonable level. In fact, a stock pickup thats not being loaded down can generate a fairly hefty peak output (around 2-3 V).
About the Circuit
GUITAR COMBOS 97
IC1 can be an LF351, TL071 (for extra-low noise), or TL081 op amp. If you have a favorite designer op amp you like to use, pretty much anything works as long as its internally compensated for unity gain. R1 protects the op amp from static electricity, which can be a problem if you walk across a carpet on a dry day then touch the end of a cord plugged into one of the inputs. R2 prevents capacitor C2 from building up a charge. This eliminates popping when you plug into the output. The power supply uses two 9V batteries, but you can also use two 9V DC adapters or a 9V to 15V bipolar power supply (such as project #12 in the book Do It Yourself Projects for Guitarists, published by Backbeat books). The power supply capacitor values (C3 and C4) are non-critical; anything from 5F to 100F will work. If using two AC adapters creates hum, increase C3 and C4 to 220F. On-off switch S1 can be DPST or DPDT. Diodes D1 and D2 provide two functions: they protect against improper battery polarity, and also, help lter out hum when using wall-powered DC adapters.
Using the Buffer Board

Patch the Buffer Board between your guitar output and audio interface input. If you encounter any radio frequency interference, add a 10pF capacitor in parallel with resistor R3. This shunts frequencies above 30 kHz to ground. The Buffer Board has applications other than using it with GUITAR COMBOS. It can help preserve your sound when going into mixers, feeding long cables, or doing direct injection into a stand-alone recorder.
98 GUITAR COMBOS
Parts List Resistors (1/4 watt, 5% tolerance)

R1 R2 R3 1k 100k 470k
Capacitors (25 working volts or greater)

C1 C2 C3, C4 0.22F (220nF) disc or mylar 2.2F (22) electrolytic or tantalum 10F electrolytic or tantalum
Other parts
D1, D2 IC1 J1, J2 S1 Misc. 1N4001 or 1N914 diode See text Mono, open circuit, 1/4 phone jacks DPST or DPDT switch (see text) Batteries or power supply, battery connector, case, wire, solder, etc.
GUITAR COMBOS 99
Index
Symbole
24-bit ................................ 37, 86
Complete button ....................... 13 Conguration ............................ 27 Continuous Controllers ............... 96 Core Audio ............................... 25 Cubase .................................... 31 Cubase SX 2 ............................ 31
A
A/D converter ..................... 37, 86 Advanced Functions (Presets)..... 71 ASIO ........................... 23, 25, 38 Assign ..................................... 73 Assignments, Shortcut menu ...... 74 Assignments, Storing ................. 73 AU .......................................... 26 Audio+MIDI Settings ................. 38 Audio Interface ......................... 27 Audio Interfaces ....................... 23 Audio Units .............................. 26 Audio Units Plug-In ................... 33 Audio Unit plug-in Installation .... 21 Authorization .............................. 9 Authorization Key ........................ 9 Automatable Parameters ............ 80 Automating Plug-In Parameters .. 80 Automation .............................. 80
D
Demo Player ............................. 47 DI ......................................37, 89 Digidesign ................................ 25 Digital Performer ...................... 35 DirectSound ............................. 25 DirectX Full Duplex Driver .... 86, 91 Direct Injection ....................37, 87 Direct Monitoring .......... 78, 86, 91 DI box ..................................... 87 Drivers ............................... 23, 90 Dropouts ............................ 87, 94 DXi .......................................... 36 DXi2 ........................................ 25 DXi 2 plug-in Setup ................... 20 DXi 2 PlugIn ............................. 32
E
Envelope .................................. 80 Export as Guitar Rig Bank .......... 71
B
Bank ................................. 43, 70 Breakout Box ............................ 90 Buffer .......................... 78, 89, 93 Buffer, edit............................... 93 Buffer Board ...................... 89, 98
F
Fader Box ................................ 73 Fill Out Form button .................. 16 FireWire ................................... 90 Footpedal ................................. 73 Footswitch ............................... 95
C
Cakewalk Sonar ........................ 20 Clean-Up (Preset) ..................... 72 Clear ................................. 73, 74 Clear Controller ......................... 74
G
Garage Band ............................ 34 Guitar Stomp Box...................... 89
100 GUITAR COMBOS
H
Harmonics ............. 45, 53, 60, 68 Hints ....................................... 46 Host Program ........................... 77 Humbucker .............................. 43
N
Noise Gate ................... 48, 54, 61 Nuendo.................................... 31 Nuendo 2.0 .............................. 31
I
Insert Effect ............................. 79 Installation under Windows XP .... 19 Interface .................................. 27 Internet ..............................11, 16 In Jack .................................... 95
O
Open File button ....................... 15 Optimizing Your System ............. 93 Output Device .......................... 28 Output Latency ......................... 28 Out Jack .................................. 95 Overwrite ................................. 69
L
Latency ................................... 26 Leading Zero ............................ 69 Learn, MIDI .............................. 73 Learn Controller ........................ 73 List Fading ............................... 47 Logic ....................................... 33
P
Parameters, automatable ........... 80 Parameters, automating ............. 80 PC-Card ................................... 90 PCI card .................................. 90 PCMCIA card ............................ 90 Pickup ............. 43, 45, 86, 88, 98 Piezo Pickups ........................... 87 Plug-In .............................. 23, 31 Plug-In Parameters, automating .. 80 Preamp .............................. 87, 89 Presets .................................... 69 Product Authorization .................. 9 Program Change ....................... 76 Pro Tools ............................ 25, 36
M
Management (Preset) ................ 69 Messages, MIDI ........................ 95 MIDI Controllers ............................. 73 Fader Box .............................. 73 Footswitch ............................. 95 In Jack .................................. 95 Learn .................................... 73 Messages .............................. 95 Notes Assigning to Parameters 73 Out Jack ............................... 95 Program Change..................... 76 Thru Jack .............................. 95 MME ....................................... 25 Monitoring.......................... 78, 91 MP3 ........................................ 47 Multimedia Driver................ 86, 91
R
Re-Amping ............................... 77 Record ..................................... 78 Register Now ............................ 11 Registration support .................. 18 Registration Tool ......................... 9 Routing .................................... 28 RTAS ............................25, 27, 36 RTAS Plug-in ............................ 36 RTAS plug-in installation...... 20, 22 GUITAR COMBOS 101
S
Samples/Buffer ........................ 93 Sample rate.............................. 28 Save Registration File ................ 14 Select All ................................. 72 Shortcut menu, Controller Assignment .......... 74 Single Coil ............................... 43 Sonar ...................................... 32 Soundcard ............................... 27 SoundCard tab ......................... 38 Space bar .......................... 70, 72 Spring Reverb ........................... 52 Stand-alone Application ............. 23 Standalone ............................... 27 Stomp Box ............................... 89 Subtrack .................................. 84 Support ............................. 18, 85 System ID .................................. 9 System Requirements .......... 19, 21
W
What is the Product Authorization? 9
Z
Zero-Latency ............................ 78
T
Thru Jack ................................. 95 Total Recall .............................. 78 Track ....................................... 77 Troubleshooting ........................ 86 Tuner ....................................... 45
U
Update Tab .............................. 85 USB ........................................ 90
V
VST ......................................... 25 VST 2.0 Plug-in .................. 31, 32 VST plug-in Installation .............. 19
102 GUITAR COMBOS

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GUITAR COMBOS

GUITAR COMBOS III

Wecome to GUITAR COMBOS

What is the Product Authorization?

Conducting the Product Authorization

Method A: GUITAR COMBOS computer has direct access to the internet

Click on the Complete button.

Method B: Internet Connection on another computer

Click on the Complete button.

Method C: No Internet Connection available

Installation under Windows XP

Installed Folders, Files, and Links

VST plug-in Installation

DXi 2 plug-in Setup

RTAS plug-in installation

Installation under MacOS X

Installing GUITAR COMBOS OS X

MacOS Audio Unit plug-in Installation

RTAS plug-in installation

More About Latency

GUITAR COMBOS as Standalone

Soundcard (Audio Interface)

GUITAR COMBOS as Plug-In

Using GUITAR COMBOS in Cubase SX 2 (or higher)

Using GUITAR COMBOS in Nuendo 2

Loading the GUITAR COMBOS DXi plug-in in an audio track

Audio Units Plug-In

Using GUITAR COMBOS in Garage Band

Using GUITAR COMBOS in Digital Performer 4.1 (or higher)

GUITAR COMBOS from the menu

Please read this before you start

Computer Setup for GUITAR COMBOS

8. Click on OK. Youre set up and ready to play!

Check out the presets

Basic Preset Tweaking

GUITAR COMBOS Features

The View Menu

Show/Hide Hints (Ctrl+T)

Show/Hide Presets (Ctrl+P)

Enable/Disable Preset List Fading

The Demo Player

And how does tweaking affect the parameters? Keep reading

AC BOX COMBO PARAMETERS

Input Level Meter

Noise Gate On/Off (Button)

Input Volume (Knob)

Treble Booster On/Off (Button)

Treble Booster Boost (Knob)

Treble Booster Bright (Knob)

AC Box Volume (Knob)

AC Box Treble (Knob)

AC Box Bass (Knob)

AC Box Tone Cut (Knob)

Tremolo On/Off (Button)

Tremolo Intensity (Knob)

Tremolo Rate (Knob)

Spring Reverb On/Off (Button)

Spring Reverb Reverb (Knob)

Spring Reverb Time (Knob)

Output Volume (Knob)

Output Level Meter

TWANG COMBO PARAMETERS

Input Level Meter