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L
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G
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1
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Just because its tough, you wont do it?


Rising up, straight to the top
Have the guts, got the glory
Went the distance; now I am not gonna stop
Just a man and his will to survive

Eye of the tiger, Rocky
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Index

EM wave propagation
- Maxwells equations brief background
- Representation of Maxwells equations
- Derivation of Intrinsic impedance
o Intrinsic impedence in low loss,lossy mediums
- Skin depth
- Continuity equation
- Polarization,reflection,refraction
o Linear,circular,elliptical polarizations
o Reflective/refractive indices
- Poyntings Theorem
- Boundary conditions
Waveguides
- EM Wave propogation in rectangular wave guides
o TE wave equations
o TM wave equations
o Cutoff frequency derivation for TE and TM waves
o Group velocity and phase velocity
o Intrinsic impedence of TE andTMwaves
o Power equations in wave guide
- EM wave propogation in rectangular wave guide
o TE wave equations
o TM wave equations
o Cutoff frequency derivation for TE and TM waves
o Group velocity andphase velocity
o Intrinsic impedence
o Power equations
Transmission lines
- Loaded transmission line
o Reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient
o VSWR(Voltage standing wave ratio)
o Input impedance of loaded transmission line
Input impedence of Shorted load and open load transmission line
and behavior
/2, /4 transmission line
Scattering parameters
- S-Matrix and its properties
- Two-port reciprocal and non-reciprocal network
- Four-port networks
o Magic-TEE
o Directional coupler
Antennas
- Antenna parameters
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- Fields of antenna
- Radiation resistance
o Hertizian dipole
o /2 dipole /4 monopole
o Folded dipole
- Antenna patterns



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ELECTROSTATICS - ELECTRIC CHARGES AND COULOMBS


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ELECTRIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC DIPOLE


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ELECTRIC POTENTIAL


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GAUSSS LAW





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Electromagnetism and Maxwells Equations
Electrostatics
and
Magnetostatics
Technology
Applications
Maxwells Equations
Integral Form Differential Form
Coulombs
Law:
r
r
q q
F
4
1
2
2 1
0
tc
=

}}
=
S
q
dS n E
0

0
c

= V E

No Magnetic
Monopoles
}}
=
S
dS n B 0

0 = V B

Faradays
Induction Law
Dynamos and
electromotor
} }}

c
c
=
C S
dS n B
t
dC t E

t
B
E
c
c
= V

Amperes Law:
r
r
I I
F
2
1
2 1
0
t
=

Electromagnet
s
} }}

c
c
+ =
C S
dS n E
t
I dC t B

0 0 0

c

t
E
J B
c
c
+ = V


0 0 0
c

NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
3 4
: 9 9 E

is the electric field, where

n
9 describes an n-dimensional Euclidean space. Any
point in such a space is a vector of length n. For every point (x,y,z,t)
4
9 in space-time, the
electric field specifies a vector E

3
9 (E
x
(x,y,z,t),E
y
(x,y,z,t),E
z
(x,y,z,t)).
3 4
: 9 9 B

is the magnetic field, For every point (x,y,z,t) in space-time, the magnetic field
specifies a vector B

3
9 (B
x
(x,y,z,t),B
y
(x,y,z,t),B
z
(x,y,z,t)).
n is the unit normal vector to a surface, S; t

is the unit tangent vector to a curve, C.

Lorentzs law of force for electromagnetism specifies the force acting on a particle with charge q
and velocity v due to electric and magnetic fields (it is akin to a m F

= ): B v q E q F

+ = .
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0
is the constant of permittivity for the vacuum, which indicates how efficiently the electric field
propagates through a vacuum.

0
is the constant of permeability for the vacuum, which indicates how efficiently the magnetic
field propagates through a vacuum.
Coulombs Law presupposes a field-generating charge q
1
and a test charge q
2
separated by a
distance r.
Amperes Law presupposes two parallel wires separated by a distance r carrying currents I
1
and
I
2
.
Current is related to the current density J

as follows:
}}
=
S
dS n J I

.
Charge is related to the charge density as follows:
}}}
=
V
dV q .
Derivations of the Laws of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics
1. Coulombs Law is a special case of Maxwells first equation. To see how, consider the
integral form of Maxwells first equation and suppose that we apply it to the case of a
field-generating charge q
1
at the center of a sphere of radius r. The electric field, being
spherically symmetric, will be constant everywhere on the sphere. Moreover, the electric
field is radial so that its dot product with the normal vector at each point on the sphere
will be simply its magnitude. So Maxwells first equation reduces in this case to:
}}
=
S
q
dS E
0
1
c

.
Recalling the formula for the surface area of a sphere, we have
2
1
0
4
1
r
q
E
tc
=

.
Using the fact that the electric field is in the radial direction, we may say that
r
r
q
E
4
1
2
1
0
tc
=

.
Finally, using the Lorentz force law for a test particle q
2
, we have
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r
r
q q
E q F
4
1
2
2 1
0
2
tc
= =

,
which is Coulombs Law.
2. Amperes Law is a special case of Maxwells fourth equation. To see how, consider the
integral form of Maxwells fourth equation and suppose that we apply it to the case of
parallel wires separated by a distance r carrying currents I1 and I2. We will take the
current I1 to be the one that is generating the magnetic field whose integral around a
circle of radius r we wish to calculate. Notice that the magnetic field is cylindrically
symmetric, i.e. the magnetic field, in the cylindrical coordinate system is same for a
fixed radius and fixed signed distance from the chosen plane while changing the azimuth.
This implies that the magnetic field is constant in magnitude everywhere on the circle
around which we are to integrate and pointing always in the direction of the tangent.
Knowing that there is no electric field in the picture, Maxwells fourth equation reduces
to
}
=
C
I dC B
1 0

.
Recalling the circumference of a circle, we have
r
I
B
1
0
2
1
t
=

.
The relevant part of the Lorentz force law in this case is
B v q F

= ,
where the velocity is that of a charge moving through the second wire. Using the right-
hand rule, we see that the direction of the cross product is the line perpendicular to the
two wires, and the magnitude is
B I B v q F

2
= = .
So, in this special case, we have
r
r
I I
F
2
1
2 1
0
t
=

,
which is Amperes Law.