http://www.springerlink.

com/content/jj317796029672g9/
PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE
Volume 57, Number 2, 95-104, DOI: 10.1023/A:1006317130744

Photoautotrophic shoot and root development for triploid melon

Jeffrey Adelberg, Kazuhiro Fujiwara, Chalermpol Kirdmanee and Toyoki Kozai

Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to establish environmental factors which promote growth and photosynthesis of melon (Cucumis melo L.) shoot buds, in vitro, and determine if photoautotrophic shoots had superior root forming ability in photoautotrophic environments. Buds from the triploid melon clone (L-14B)L-14 were observed for 21 days after transfer from a multiplication MS medium with 3% sucrose and 10 M benzyladenine (BA) to a shoot development medium with 1 M BA at three levels of sucrose in the medium (0, 1 and 3%), and light (50, 100 and 150 PPF) and CO2 (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) in the culture chamber. More shoot buds were observed with 3% sucrose in the medium. Increased light and CO2 had a positive interaction with shoot proliferation. Fresh and dry weights were greatest at 3% sucrose, 150 PPF light and 1500 ppm CO2. Shoot buds grew more slowly in sugar-free medium, but fresh and dry weight still doubled over 21 days of culture. Net photosynthetic rates (NPR) of buds were negative after four days in treatment conditions, but became positive after transfer to fresh, sugar-free medium. Two triploid genotypes of melon were (1) grown in vitro with sugar (photomixotrophic) and without sugar (photoautotrophic), (2) rooted in sugar-free media, both in a laboratory controlled environment chamber (in vitro) and a greenhouse acclimatization unit (ex vitro), and (3) compared for subsequent nursery growth in the greenhouse unit. The genotype (L-14B)L-14 produced more shoots than (L-14B)Mainstream in both photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic conditions. (L14B)L-14 rooted as well from either photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic shoots but (L14B)Mainstream rooted less frequently from photoautotrophic shoots. Seventy-six percent of the shoots in the laboratory controlled environment chamber were able to root photoautotrophically, whereas 47% of the shoots in the greenhouse acclimatization unit were rooted. Between 77% and 88% of plantlets from all treatment combinations survived transfer to the nursery. After growth in the nursery, the sizes of plants (fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area) were the same for either genotype, from either photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic shoots. Nursery plants that had been rooted in the laboratory controlled environment chamber were larger than those rooted in the acclimatization greenhouse chamber.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/t324q62017356hu8/
BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
Volume 46, Number 2, 161-166, DOI: 10.1023/A:1022844720795

Growth and Water Relations of Paulownia fortunei Under Photomixotrophic and Photoautotrophic Conditions
P.S. Sha Valli Khan, T. Kozai, Q.T. Nguyen, C. Kubota and V. Dhawan

Abstract
The growth and water relations of Paulownia fortunei in photoautotrophic cultures (nutrient medium lacking sucrose and growth regulator) with CO2 enrichment (PWAH) or without CO2 enrichment (PWAL) were compared with those in photomixotrophic shoot (PWC; 30 g dm3 sucrose and 0.3 mg dm3 N6-benzyladenine) and root cultures (PWR; 0.3 mg dm3 indole-3butyric acid). The photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic cultures were incubated under photosynthetic photon flux 125 and 60 mol m2 s1, respectively. 100 % sprouting and significantly higher number of shoots (1.6) were obtained with PWAH as compared to PWAL and PWC. PWAH and PWAL stimulated spontaneous rooting from the cut end of axillary shoots. In PWAH, 84 % of shoots rooted with an average of 5.9 roots per shoot and 4.0 cm of root length in 21 d. Rooting of photomixotrophic shoot cultures were stimulated by an auxin treatment. In this case, 98.3 % of shoots were rooted with an average of 4.6 roots per shoot and 1.9 cm length. A microscopic observation on leaf abaxial surface prints from photomixotrophic shoot and root cultures showed widely open (6 8 m) spherical stomata (12 14 m) and from photoautotrophic cultures elliptical stomata (10 12 m) with narrow openings (3 4 m). Leaves from photomixo-trophic cultures had higher stomatal index as compared to photoautotrophic cultures. The rate of moisture loss from detached leaves was not varying significantly in different cultures.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423809000880
Scientia Horticulturae Volume 121, Issue 3, 2 July 2009, Pages 340-347

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.012 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

Cited By in Scopus (2)

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Nitrogen content determines adventitious rooting in Euphorbia pulcherrima under adequate light independently of pre-rooting carbohydrate depletion of cuttings
Siegfried Zerche
a a, ,

and Uwe Druege

Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Department Plant Nutrition, Kuehnhaeuser Strasse 101,

D-99189 Erfurt-Kuehnhausen, Germany

b

Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Department Plant Propagation, Kuehnhaeuser Strasse 101, D-99189 Erfurt-Kuehnhausen, Germany Received 12 September 2008; revised 16 January 2009; accepted 11 February 2009. online 10 March 2009.

Abstract
Root regeneration in shoot tip cuttings responds to graduated nitrogen (N) fertilization of stock plants. In pelargonium cuttings, reduced carbohydrate reserves caused by high N absorption by the donor plants and post-harvest storage of cuttings limit adventitious root formation, especially in low-light environments. In contrast, in chrysanthemum, similar carbohydrate reserves do not have this dominant effect on rooting capacity. The positive correlation between rooting capacity and internal N status is stable across a wide range of environments and is genotypically consistent for this species. However, the influence of N and carbohydrates on adventitious rooting of Euphorbia pulcherrima is unknown. We investigated the consequences of different N fertilization regimens applied to E. pulcherrima stock plants and cold and dark storage of the cuttings on N absorption, carbohydrate distribution, and rooting capacity of cuttings. Increasing time of stock plant cultivation with graduated N nutrition produced cuttings with N contents, ranging from 19 to 51 mg N g dry mass (DM). High N absorption resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in cuttings, and subsequent storage decreased carbohydrate concentrations further, particularly in stems. Lower sucrose contents in leaves were correlated with reduced rooting of stored cuttings at a particular harvest date. However, despite the lower carbohydrate levels, root numbers and lengths correlated positively with internal N concentrations. These relationships remained stable in unstored and stored cuttings, even when overall rooting intensity was reduced under lower natural light during autumn. Multivariate regressions accounting for nitrogen content, sucrose content and daily light integral during rooting highlighted these relationships and explained up to 79% of rooting variances. We conclude N nutrition of stock plants and N absorption by cuttings are the dominant factors determining the rooting capacity of poinsettia when rooting occurs under sufficient light, as is commonly available during propagation. To maximize rooting capacity of poinsettia cuttings their nitrogen content should exceed a threshold of 40 mg N g
1 1

DM.