MANUFACTURING OF TRANSFORMER

A distribution transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. They are often used for the power supply of facilities outside settlements, such as isolated houses, farmyards or pumping stations at voltages below 30kV. Another application is the power supply of switch heating from the overhead wire of railways electrified with AC. There had been a consistent reduction in failure rate of distribution transformers from 22.9% in 19992000 to 17.9% in 2001-02. Subsequently, the trend had reversed and the failure rate increased to 19.4% in 2004-05 in India. The main factors causing failure of transformers are insulation Failures, design or manufacturing errors, oil contamination, over-loading, line surge, maintenance, explosion, etc. The high rate of failure of secondary distribution transformer in power systems may perhaps be described as 0ne of the tragedies of distribution system management of present times especially in developing countries like India. One of the remedial solutions to overcome this problem is CSP (completely selfprotected technology).The advent of CSP technology has encouraged progressive manifacturers to go in for high performance distribution transformers which mitigate the operation and maintenance problems associated with conventional transformers. CSP technology enables a transformer to protect itself from faults. CSP system has essentially three components. They are primary fuse which is used as internal expulsion fuse for system protection. Secondary circuit breaker is used for over load and secondary fault protection, signal light, the emergency control magnetic trip and surge arrester used for lightning protection. CSP technology also helps in thermal protection to the transformer where maximum oil temperature is limiting constant. The other important function of CSP technology is a use of CSP circuit breaker for secondary fault protection, i.e. for the faults external to the transformer. Hence the construction features consists of circuit breaker, with its major elements of temperature sensing, latching, tripping and current interrupter. One of the most important desired task done by the CSP transformer during engineer is the coordination between the primary fuse and secondary circuit breaker and performing the coordination task. The benefits for CSP technology is low installed cost, less time for installation, safe operation and more reliable service. Thus CSP technology has paved the way to high performance distribution transformer and better distribution sys

project deals majorly with the performance, commissioning and testing of a transformer. There is a brief introduction to the regular maintenance of the transformer in a substation Renigunta 220/132/33-11 kv. A practical transformer is given here with all the parts and their protective devices. The typical test results are also available. The transformer is a device that enables the transmission of electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without any change in frequency. It is coupled electrically and magnetically separated. Actually, the transformer is an electromagnetic energy conversion device, because the energy is converted from the primary first magnetic energy is absorbed and then converted into usable electrical energy. Power transformer is one of the step-up or step down the voltage level on demand without changing the frequency. At every step, whether the voltage level should have to be increased or decreased we need a transformer. If there is any fault or damage in the transformer then there will be heavy loss to the distribution system. So, periodical maintenance and testing is very important for a power transformer. The report also explains the details of protection of transformer, principles, safety devices, Pressure relief valve, maintenance of transformer etc. The transformer mainly works on the principle of electromagnetic induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux.

Project Report On Maintenance Of Power Transformer Conclusion:

Power transformer is very important in the transmission and it must be monitored closely followed by their state during operation. In order to take remedial measure at appropriate times to avoid errors and increase reliability of service of the transformer. Hence the above tests which are detailed in this project would essential, if evaluated/ assessed, indicate the condition of the insulation which plays a major role for the service of power transformer and suggest the steps to be taken avoid the failure.

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Construction Of Transformer describes the principle and construction of transformer in brief. All parts in transformer are explained like Bushings, Conservator tank, Breather, etc. Transformer is a device used to convert electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without changing the frequency. This process goes by inductively coupled circuits, which are the coils of the transformer. It consists of two coils, primary and secondary coil. In Principle of Transformer the report discussed about primary coil and secondary circuit and its works. The transformer is based on two principles: first, that an electric current can produce a magnetic field (electromagnetism), and second that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil (electromagnetic induction). Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnetic flux that is developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The report also explains the details about the construction of

transformer along with the main parts which are used in construction. The main parts of transformer are 1. Core construction. 2. Windings. 3. Bushings. 4. Transformer tank. 5. Conservator tank. 6. Breather. 7. Buchholz relay. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors called transformers coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.

BE EEE Project Report On Construction Of Transformer Conclusion:

Mainly we use the step up transformer in the power stations and the step down transformers are used in sub stations, distribution stations. We can design the transformer by using the above points. Each point is briefly explained in the above points. These are the constructional features of the transformer and the main points in the design of the transformer.