WHO / UNICEF

Joint Monitoring Programme

for Water Supply and Sanitation

Estimates for the use of

Improved Sanitation Facilities

Updated March 2012

Myanmar

wssinfo.org

JMP - estimated trends of sanitation coverage

Sanitation coverage estimates Urban (%) Rural (%) Total (%) 1995 2010 1995 2010 1995 2010 77 83 47 73 55 76 11 12 9 14 10 13 10 4 24 5 20 5 2 1 20 8 15 6 100 100 100 100 100 100

Myanmar
Improved facilities Shared facilities Other unimproved Open defecation
Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012

20 15 10 Urban sanitation trends

100

13 5 6

Rural sanitation trends

100 100

Total sanitation trends

2 10 11

1 4 12

8 20 5 14 24
80

80

80

76

Coverage (%)

Coverage (%)

Coverage (%)

60

60

60

55

40

77

83
40

73

40

47
20 20 20

0 1995
Open defecation Other unimproved facilities Shared facilities Improved facilities

2010

0 1995
Open defecation Other unimproved facilities Shared facilities Improved facilities

2010

0 1995
Open defecation Other unimproved facilities Shared facilities Improved facilities

2010

Myanmar

Trends_S

March 2012

Myanmar - urban JMP - estimated proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities
100 MICS03 WHS03 FRHS97 MICS00 FRHS01 80 pMICS10

90

70

60

Coverage (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0 1980

1985

1990

1995

Year

2000

2005

2010

2015

Legend
JMP-estimated survey findings ! Improved + shared JMP-estimated coverage Improved + shared !! Improved

Notes: Shared facilities : The proportion of the population using a shared improved sanitation facility is based on the pMICS10

Myanmar

US

March 2012

Myanmar - rural JMP - estimated proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities
100

90 WHS03

80

MICS03

pMICS10

70

60

MICS00 FRHS01 FRHS97

Coverage (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0 1980

1985

1990

1995

Year

2000

2005

2010

2015

Legend
JMP-estimated survey findings ! Improved + shared JMP-estimated coverage Improved + shared !! Improved

Notes: Shared facilities : The proportion of the population using a shared improved sanitation facility is based on the pMICS10

Myanmar

RS

March 2012

Myanmar
URBAN SANITATION Estimated coverage 2012 update
Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 77% 79% 81% 83% 11% 12% 12% 12% 10% 7% 6% 4% 2% 2% 1% 1% Improved Shared Other unimproved Open defecation

RURAL SANITATION Estimated coverage 2012 update

Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 47% 56% 65% 73% 9% 10% 12% 14% 24% 18% 11% 5% 20% 16% 12% 8% Improved Shared Other unimproved Open defecation

TOTAL SANITATION Estimated coverage 2012 update

Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 55% 62% 70% 76% 10% 11% 12% 13% 20% 15% 9% 5% 15% 12% 9% 6% Improved Shared Other unimproved Open defecation

Myanmar

Estimates

March 2012

SANITATION

Myanmar
Source
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey World Health Survey Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (Preliminary)

URBAN Sewer connection Code

MICS95 FRHS97 MICS97 MICS00 FRHS01 MICS03 WHS03 pMICS10

RURAL Shared Open defecation Sewer connection Total improved (incl shared) Shared Open defecation Sewer connection

TOTAL Total improved (incl shared) Shared Open defecation

Total improved (incl shared)

Year
1995 1997 1997 2000 2001 2003 2003 2010

Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Used in Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. ests. 56.3 5.5 89.8 64.5 6.9 85.7 10.6 6.1 3.6 88.8 88.0 94.9 94.8 94.5 12.9 10.9 0.8 1.5 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.2 63.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 64.9 63.1 77.5 85.2 80.3 15.5 11.8 9.7 1.8 0.1 54.2 39.0 18.2 12.4 10.2 0.0 2.1 69.4 3.5 1.9 1.2 71.5 70.1 82.6 88.0 85.1 14.7 11.5 6.7 35.8 20.0 1.5 63.7 45.8 13.6 9.5 7.4 0.0 41.1 15.2

Myanmar

GraphData_S

March 2012

Sanitation
original data submitted to the JMP
Generic classification
Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To piped sewer system Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To septic tank Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To elsewhere Flush toilet: Total Flush toilet: Private - To piped sewer system Flush toilet: Private - To septic tank Flush toilet: Public/shared - to piped sewer system Flush toilet: Public/shared - to septic tank Latrine: Pour flush latrines - Total Latrine: Pour flush latrines - to piped sewer system Latrine: Pour flush: private Latrine: Pour flush: Public/shared - Total Latrine: Dry: Improved - Ventilated Improved Pit latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved - Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Traditional latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Pit latrine without slab/open pit Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Hanging toilet/hanging latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Bucket latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Private Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Public/shared Composting toilet: Total

MICS95
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Monitoring Progresss towards the foals of WSC, draft report, November 1995

Myanmar 1995
Urban Rural Total

FRHS97
Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey

Myanmar 1997

MICS97
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Monitoring Progress Toward the Goals of National Programme for Myanmar's Children

Myanmar 1997
Urban Rural Total

Original denomination

Original denomination

Urban

Rural

Total

Original denomination

Flush

0.7

0.1

Water Seal

81.7

37.9

Pit*

14.7

32.4

Bucket

0.3

0.5

Other improved: Total Flush to sewage system, flush to septic tank, poor flush56.3 latrine, covered latrine in the dwelling or less than 50 yards away 35.8 Other improved: Other 1 No facility, bush, field Other unimproved: Other 1 Total Total 56.3 35.8 None Other Total 50% of traditional latrines considered improved SC, based on WHS03 1.8 0.8 100.0 7.4 5.5 20.0 9.1 100.0 16.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Flush to sewage system, flush to septic tank, covered pit latrine 64.5

39.0

Total

64.5

39.0

Calculations Estimations Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections :

56%
No No No No

36%
No No No No

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections : Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities : Improved latrine / All latrines

90%
6% Yes Yes Yes No 84%

54%
0% Yes Yes Yes No 54%

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections : Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities :

65%
No No No No

39%
No No No No

Selections

Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities :

Ratios

Traditional latrines / All latrines Improved + traditional latrines / All latrines

15% 100%

46% 99%

Statistics

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands): 10'924 31'209 42'133

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands): 11'529 31'746 43'274

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands): 11'529 31'746 43'274

Comments

Only total figure for improved categories available

Figures not available for each category used, only total figure for improved sanitation

Myanmar

Simplified Tables_S

March 2012

Sanitation
original data submitted to the JMP
Generic classification
Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To piped sewer system Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To septic tank Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To elsewhere

MICS00
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Report

Myanmar 2000

FRHS01
Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey

Myanmar 2001

MICS03
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Myanmar 2003

Original denomination

Urban

Rural

Total

Original denomination

Urban

Rural

Total

Original denomination

Urban

Rural

Total

Flush toilet: Total Flush to sewage system/septic tank Flush toilet: Private - To piped sewer system Flush toilet: Private - To septic tank Flush toilet: Public/shared - to piped sewer system Flush toilet: Public/shared - to septic tank Latrine: Pour flush latrines - Total Latrine: Pour flush latrines - to piped sewer system Latrine: Pour flush: private Latrine: Pour flush: Public/shared - Total Latrine: Dry: Improved - Ventilated Improved Pit latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved - Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine Covered pit latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Traditional latrine Uncovered pit latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Pit latrine without slab/open pit Surface latrine (Open pit) Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Hanging toilet/hanging latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Bucket latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Private Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Public/shared Composting toilet: Total Other improved: Total Other improved: Other 1 No facility, bush, field No facilities/bush/field Other unimproved: Other 1 Total Total 50% of traditional latrines considered improved SC, based on WHS03

19.1

1.1

Flush

2.3

0.1

0.7

Flush to sewerage system or septic tank

29.3

3.6

Water seal

85.7

63.0

68.7

64.5 10.3 4.5

55.4 16.8 8.5 Pit bucket 9.3 23.8 20.2

Improved pit latrine Traditional pit latrine Surface latrine

63.3 4.6 2.2

67.1 13.5 5.6

1.5 99.9 5.2 6.9

18.2 100.0 8.4 0.2

0.0

None Other Total

2.3 0.4 100.0

12.4 0.7 100.0

9.8 0.6 100.0

No facilities/bush/field Total 50% of traditional latrines considered improved SC, based on WHS03

0.6 100.0 2.3 10.6

10.2 100.0 6.8 0.6

0.0

Calculations Estimations

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections :

89%
7% Yes Yes Yes No 81% 81% 13% 94%

65%
0% Yes Yes Yes No 69% 69% 21% 89%

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections : Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities : Improved latrine / All latrines

88%
86% Yes Yes Yes No 90%

63%
63% Yes Yes Yes No 73%

69%
69%

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections : Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities :

95%
11% Yes Yes Yes No 90% 90% 7% 97%

77%
1% Yes Yes Yes No 78% 78% 16% 94%

Selections

Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities :

Ratios
Improved latrine / All latrines Covered dry latrines / All dry latrines Traditional latrines / All latrines Improved + traditional latrines / All latrines 77% Improved latrine / All latrines Covered dry latrines / All dry latrines Traditional latrines / All latrines Improved + traditional latrines / All latrines Sewerage connection among flush/pour flush 97.4 99.8 Sample (individuals): Sample (households): 12'806 32'507 45'313 Total population (thousands): 13'415 32'426 45'841

Statistics

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands): 12'497 32'461 44'958

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands):

Comments

Myanmar

Simplified Tables_S

March 2012

Sanitation
original data submitted to the JMP
Generic classification
Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To piped sewer system Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To septic tank Flush toilet + pour flush latrine: To elsewhere Flush toilet: Total

WHS03
World Health Survey

Myanmar 2003

pMICS10
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (Preliminary)

Myanmar 2010

Original denomination

Urban

Rural

Total

Original denomination
Flush/pour flush to: Piped sewer system Flush/pour flush to: Septic tank/pit Flush/ pour flush to some-where else

Urban
3.6 32.3 1.6

Rural
0.0 6.0 0.9

Total
1.1 13.9 1.1

Flush toilet: Private - To piped sewer system Private domestic connection to sewage system Flush toilet: Private - To septic tank Private flush to septic tank Flush toilet: Public/shared - to piped sewer system Shared domestic connection to sewage system Flush toilet: Public/shared - to septic tank Shared flush to septic tank Latrine: Pour flush latrines - Total Latrine: Pour flush latrines - to piped sewer system Latrine: Pour flush: private Private pour flush latrine Latrine: Pour flush: Public/shared - Total Shared pour flush latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved - Ventilated Improved Pit latrine Latrine: Dry: Improved - Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Traditional latrine Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Pit latrine without slab/open pit Uncovered dry latrine (without privacy) Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Hanging toilet/hanging latrine

6.0 10.5 0.1 0.2

0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

64.7 9.2

66.7 7.2 Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab 4.8 53.5 2.6 0.4 0.0 3.1 69.8 8.0 0.3 0.0 3.6 64.9 6.4 0.3 0.0

5.2

11.0 0.6 7.7 2.8 0.0 0.0

Pit latrine without slab/ open pit Hanging toilet/ hanging latrine Bucket

Latrine: Dry: Unimproved - Bucket latrine Bucket latrine (where fresh excreta are manually removed) 0.0 Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Private Private covered dry latrine (with privacy) Latrine: Dry: Improved: Pit latrine with slab/covered latrine - Public/shared Shared covered dry latrine (with privacy) Composting toilet: Total Other improved: Total Other improved: Other 1 Other private improved facilities No facility, bush, field No facilities (open defecation) Other unimproved: Other 1 Other Total Total 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 3.2 0.9

Compos-ting toilet 0.0 0.0 3.2 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 No facilities / bush / field Others Total

0.3

1.4

1.1

0.8 0.2 100.1

9.7 0.7 99.9

7.0 0.5 99.9

Calculations Estimations Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections :

95%
6% Yes Yes No No 10.9% 94% 44%

85%
0% Yes Yes No No 11.8% 88% 47%

Improved + shared improved :

Sewerage connections : Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities : Shared improved facilities/all improved facilities Improved latrine / All latrines Covered dry latrines / All dry latrines VIP / All latrines

95%
4% Yes Yes Yes Yes 12.9% 95% 87% 8%

80%
0% Yes Yes Yes Yes 15.5% 90% 86% 4%

85%
1%

Selections

Improved + shared improved sanitation : Sewerage connections : Open defecation : Shared facilities : Shared improved facilities/all improved facilities Improved latrine / All latrines Covered dry latrines / All dry latrines

Ratios

14.7% 91%

Sewerage connection among flush/pour flush Sewerage connection among flush

6.7 36.3

0.2 15.8

Sewerage connection among flush/pour flush Sample (individuals): Sample (households):

9.6 42'339 16'138

0.0 98'930 31'825 141'269 47'963

Statistics

Sample (individuals): Sample (households): Total population (thousands): 13'415 32'426 45'841

Total population (thousands):

Comments

Myanmar

Simplified Tables_S

March 2012

Myanmar
POPULATION FIGURES (Thousands) Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Urban
7'879 8'040 8'201 8'361 8'528 8'703 8'887 9'079 9'279 9'487 9'703 9'926 10'156 10'396 10'651 10'924 11'216 11'529 11'852 12'177 12'497 12'806 13'110 13'415 13'735 14'080 14'453 14'853 15'269 15'698 16'138 16'591 17'056 17'533 18'018 18'509

Rural
24'986 25'438 25'936 26'456 26'957 27'425 27'920 28'377 28'799 29'194 29'565 29'976 30'328 30'639 30'929 31'209 31'472 31'746 32'017 32'259 32'461 32'507 32'490 32'426 32'340 32'241 32'180 32'117 32'050 31'956 31'825 31'802 31'731 31'626 31'511 31'393

Total
32'865 33'478 34'137 34'817 35'485 36'128 36'807 37'455 38'078 38'682 39'268 39'902 40'484 41'035 41'580 42'133 42'688 43'274 43'869 44'437 44'958 45'313 45'600 45'841 46'075 46'321 46'632 46'970 47'319 47'654 47'963 48'393 48'787 49'159 49'528 49'902

% Urban
24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.1 24.1 24.2 24.4 24.5 24.7 24.9 25.1 25.3 25.6 25.9 26.3 26.6 27.0 27.4 27.8 28.3 28.7 29.3 29.8 30.4 31.0 31.6 32.3 32.9 33.6 34.3 35.0 35.7 36.4 37.1

Source: United Nations Population Division (UNPD), 2010

Myanmar

Population

March 2012