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Taiwan Watch

website: http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw

2011

2012Vol.14 No.2

W
A
T
C
H

25

Taiwan Watch 54


GDP

2012142

16

26

2
3

47 GDP...

38

Sarah DeWeerdt

58

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

Contents

11

Taiwan Watch

()

1013
(http:// sgw.epa.gov.tw/public/index.asp)700

80%

GDP

X
X-man

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

120

(1999:83; 91)

Paul W. Taylor
1923-

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

Taylor

(1986:85)

Talor

Taylor

Taylor

(2001:105;

107)

Taylor

Holmes
Rolston, III1932-

Taylor

Rolston

1988:109

Rolston

Taylor

98-100

Rolston

99100

Taylor

(1986:72)
Roslton

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

Taylor

Rolston

(1988:231)

Rolston

(2009:148)

(2009:149)

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

10

1. 200947137-160
2. Darwin, Charles. 1999[1859][6th]. The origin of species by means of natural selection. [Electronic version]. Champaign, IL:
Project Gutenberg.
3. Rolston III, Holmes. 1988. Environmental ethics : Duties to and values in the natural world. Philadelphia: Temple University
Press.
4. Taylor, Paul. 2001[3rd]. Biocentric egalitarianism, in Environmental ethics: Readings in theory and application. ed by
Pojman Louis P.. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. pp100-112.
5. Taylor, Paul W.. 1986. Respect for nature: A theory of environmental ethics. NJ: Princeton University Press.

IUCNDavid
GarshelisDave

2012256

6
328
Dr. David GarshelisDr. Robert Steinmetz

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

11

158

48%

12

78%

36%

26.6%

100

4,500

1,500-2,000

3%

3%

2010

2005

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

13

80%

25

14

IUCNDave

Dave

50,000

50,000

20

50100

15

vision

1
2
3
4
5

26

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

PART 1

16

6010
1318
154

1999

http://www.east.org.tw

1990

1.

2.

3.

10%

25

130

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

jetalone at everystockphoto.com

17

4.

200111

18

Livestock Development
- Implications for
Rural Poverty, the
Environment, and Global
Food Security, World
Bank, report no 23241,
November 2001

Livestock Development
- Implications for Rural Poverty,
the Environment, and Global Food

Security

19972.09

20203.27

56%
4.22

1997

6.4854%1

75
84
25
35 2
2020
80%

65%
95%

57% 3

vegetarian
5%

vegan

19857

25

19

galant at everystockphoto.com

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

20

2020

15%

WHO

FAO

80%
6

University of

EssexJules Pretty

Jules Pretty, AgriCulture, Earthscan


Books, 2002

Animal Agriculture and


Global Food Supply,
Council For Agricultural
Science and Technology
(CAST) Task Force
report, no 135, July
1999

2006

PART 2

78

A4

80
41-42

80

2~4

79

1995

453

8
1981-2010

78
38.4490
73.2513
90
99
67 3,650

80
70
60

3,65099%
battery cage

50
40
20
30
10
20
10
0
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

99

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

21

A42~4

Battery Cage

22

2012

15cm/

Barn, Aviary

Free Range

(organic)

20122

12

23

887

4921


15736 93

03-5923717

049-2333289
0972-534588

03-8651315
0938-023018

03-8763270
0989-284710

14

24

http://www.mr-egg.tw

http://www.8651315.
com/

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

668668.3669
34-2

037-432955
0910-493934

24

037-911367
0932-617132

http://www.burangeland.tw/


327-3
16225-1

04-86508238650193
0937-552921

04-8248542

http://www.coloregg.
com.tw/

20121
1
battery cage

Barn
free
range

24

organic

2015

http://www.lulon.com.
tw/

10
3
71

1~30

06-66237686224168

3/13/2

()

http://www.md-farm.com.tw/main/index.php

1152-1
06-2666823

http://tenha.organic.org.tw/supergood/front/bin/home.
phtml

2012220

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

25


19

12

18 K

ServiceInfo

32

12

30 40

24 on ca ll

12

2011

26

1980

metabolic syndrome

7, 8

epinepherin

cortisol

endorphin

1-4

Steve Jurvetson at everystockphoto.com

27

2011

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012


International Labour
Organization1919
ILO
()

8
48

1921ILO

1935

ILO

40

ILO

28

C1

Hours of Work (Industry) Convention


(1919)

8
48

51 (28%)

C14

Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention (1921)

71(24)

119 (65%)

C30

Hours of Work (Commerce and Ofces)


Convention (1930)

8
48

28 (15%)

C47

Forty-Hour Week Convention (1935)

40

15 ( 8%)

C52

Holidays with Pay Convention (1936)

39 (21%)

C101

Holidays with Pay (Agriculture) Convention 1


(1952)

34 (19%)

C106

Weekly Rest (Commerce and Ofces)


Convention (1957)

71(24
)

63 (34%)

C132

Holidays with Pay Convention (Revised)


(1970)

(C52)

36 (20%)

ILO http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/index.htm2012/3/27

1966

1 7

200732008
1

20093
2009422
2

4460
814

84 3

10

34-44

40

1.12.5

International
Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural
Rights1966
1976

http://hre.pro.edu.tw/
download/basic_docch-18-1202960070/
esc.doc
2012/3/27)
2

http://www.
humanrights.moj.gov.
tw/mp200.html
2012/3/27)
3

30
1


119

110

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

29


55/
Working Time Act

60

12
(2009)
48/

36-38

Labour Code
(2009)

35

48

10

220/

1.1-1.5

39

Hours of Work
Act (2006)

48 a

35-39

Working Time
Regulations
(2009)

48

48/

34-40

1.5

38

Labour Act
(2009)

30

38

50

11

3/
12/

Holiday Act
(2004)

48 b

13 b

48/

37-37.5

Working Hours
Act (2005)

40

48

138/4

250/

1.5
2

37.5-40

Working
Environment Act
(2009)

40

50

48/

25/

200/

1.4

37.5

Fair Labor
Standards Act
(2009)

40

1.5

35-40

1
6

Canada Labour
Code (2009)

40

48

8/

1.5

35-40

40

45/
360/
36

40-44

30
6

(Labour Standards
Act, 2006)

(Labor Standards
Act, 2011)

40

(Labor Standards
Act, 2011)

84

52

48

12

1.25-2.5

12/

1.5

4/
46/

1.33
1.66

1000
2

2-30

ILO Database of Conditions of Work and Employment Laws (www.ilo.org/travdatabase; 2009)

a b

(work-family

balance)

12

2000
(Adjustment

13

11

1970

14, 15

1915

part-time workers

552010

40

US Army Africa at everystockphoto.com

of Working Hour ActWAA)

1870-2010

1
2

1870-1990

(full-time production workers)


Huberman16200020052009
OECDhttp://stats.
oecd.org/index.aspx? (2012114)
CPS(Current Population Survey)
http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_aa2003.htm(2012114)
(Labour Force Survey)
15http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/chouki/19.
htm (2012114)
1()20-65
2()20-65

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

31

1915

1930

32

(1939-45)1970

40-50
1990
40

(49/)

1994

2005

1980

19942005

http://laborsta.ilo.org/
STP/guest (2012
114)

2005

49

14.1%11.3%

19802000

49

36.5%22.3%

17

(double

challenges)14

1980
2009
48.943.4

19942009

33

1984

50.847.6

1996

1996

84-1

45

84-1

20-65

20-65

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

86

1984/8/1

30848
32
346224
4
3

1996/12/27

30-1
42
102

84-1

1998/5/13
2000/6/28

34

30-1

42 30
30

32

2002/12/25

49(
)
7779

()

2011/6/29

201010

20114

32

20123A

11,413

30.7%

240360

10

1996(85)

(
)(
)
(
)
()
()

2 0 11

84-1 6

26.8%

35

12
20.8%

6.0%13.1%

46

9.0%

2010

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

4.1%12.3%

84-1

25.1%

2010

40
(49.0%)

(18.1%)

2006

2.64%15

12

36

14.2%

18

2007

DJ Flickr at everystockphoto.com

1. Nakanishi N, Yoshida H, Nagano K, Kawashimo H, Nakamura K, Tatara K: Long working hours and risk for hypertension in
Japanese male white collar workers. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001, 55(5):316-322.
2. Liu Y, Tanaka H: Overtime work, insufficient sleep, and risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Occup
Environ Med 2002, 59(7):447-451.
3. Iwasaki K, Takahashi M, Nakata A: Health problems due to long working hours in Japan: working hours, workers' compensation
(Karoshi), and preventive measures. Ind Health 2006, 44(4):537-540.
4. Park J, Yi Y, Kim Y: Weekly work hours and stress complaints of workers in Korea. Am J Ind Med 2010, 53(11):1135-1141.
5. Dembe AE, Erickson JB, Delbos RG, Banks SM: The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and
illnesses: new evidence from the United States. Occup Environ Med 2005, 62(9):588-597.
6. Szosland D: Shift Work and Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus and Ischaemic Heart Disease. International Journal of
Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2010, 23(3):287-291.
7. Barger LK, Cade BE, Ayas NT, Cronin JW, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Czeisler CA, Harvard Work Hours H, Safety G: Extended work
shifts and the risk of motor vehicle crashes among interns. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(2):125-134.
8. Keller SM: Effects of extended work shifts and shift work on patient safety, productivity, and employee health. AAOHN Journal
2009, 57(12):497-502; quiz 503-494.
9. , , , : . 2010, 29(6):551-560.
10. : :. 2010, 2(1):21-62.
11. Baaijens C, Schippers JJ: The unfulfilled preference for working fewer hours in the Netherlands. In: ESPE conference. New York
City (USA); 2003.
12. , : . 2009, 3(17):42-49.
13. Hours of Work in U.S. History. [http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/whaples.work.hours.us.]
14. OECD: Working Hours: Latest Trends and Policy Initiatives. In: OECD Employment Outlook 1998. 1998: 153-188.
15. OECD: Clocking in and Clocking out: Recent Trends in Working Hours. In.; 2004.
16. Huberman M: Working hours of the world unite? New international evidence of worktime, 1870-1913. J Econ Hist 2004, 64(4):9641001.
17. Messenger JC: Working Time and Workers' Preferences in Industrialized Countries - Finding the Balance. Abingdon/New York:
Routledge; 2004.
18. : . 1996, 104:23-26.

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

37

Sarah DeWeerdt

1998

Green Cross International

38

Melissa Wiese at everystockphoto.com

1991

Reuters/Pool 2003

2003323

Sarah DeWeerdt

20081-2
211
War and the
Environment

John Hart

shock-and-awe
Jeffrey McNeely

C-123

1965930

7,900

39

Book of JudgesKing Abimelech


1

Shechem
2
35%

Arthur Westing
1971

945

O p e r a t i o n Tr a i l
Dust
Operation
Ranch Hand

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

10
80

14

1969Gordon OriansE.W. Pfeiffer

40

Rung
Sat Special Zone

46

3Science
80
6412

David Biggs
20

Dung Vo Trung/Vo Trung Dung/politika/CORBIS

200673

1975


30

1980

245
145-17030-55
Pam

John MacKinnon

McElwee

Ma Da forest

A Luoi Valley

105,000
1980
101,000

Phung Tuu Boi

C-123

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

41

1990
1994
80
200

1996
1998
2003

42

4,500
George Mulala/Peter Arnold, Inc.

1925
199412

19986

1991
100


1999Goma
Finbarr OReilly/Reuters 2004

Rutshuru

1994
72

81,0001996105

35

20047
2220045-6

15

1991
Jos Kalpers

43

Wildlife Direct
Emmanuel de Merode

Semliki ValleyRwindi Plains

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

1996-Mayi-Mayi

102007
9

2003

44

Hassan Partow, UNEP, based on data from the Landsat science team and the USGS EROS Data Center

5,000

Peter Zahler

1980

1973-76
20,000

20003-5

15%

1990
2000

UNEP, from The Mesopotamian Marshlands:


Demise of an Ecosystem

2003

2004
32020051140

smooth-coated

o t t e r

6550
Azzam Alwash

2005
7210

Basrah reed warbler


Iraq babbler

20

20

200

1991

630
Matthew Naud
1991
Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

45

953

1998

Rumallah

46

crust

Farouk El-Baz

Andrea Comas/Reuters 2003

Eaz2003
526


1.
2.
...
3.

GDP...

47

GDP

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

GDP
GDP
...2012

633 1GDP

GDP

633

5
GDP
ETtoday201231

Apple
5,00022010GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP3

48

GDP
GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP
Gross Domestic Product Gross
Domestic
Product

GDP

I Investment

Investment

G Government spending

GDP
GDPCIGXM

X Export

M Import
CI
G

GDP

GDPGDP http://www.dgbas.
gov.tw

GDP
GDP
1.
2.

GDP

GDP
GDP

GDP
GDP1934
Simon Kuznets

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

C Consumption
GDP

49

GDP
194444
Bretton Woods

International Monetary Fond


International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

GDP

68
GDP

GDP
GDP

50

GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP
318

GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP
GDP

GDP

GDP

51

GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP

GDP

http://
www.dgbas.gov.tw

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw/
pxweb/Dialog/statfile9L.asp

GDP

52

GDP

GDP

GDP

0.6%
76.5%

GDP

GDP

GDPGreen GDPGDP

GDP

GDP

Christopher Craig at everystockphoto.com

GDPGDP

SEEASystem of Environmental-Economic Accounts


2003

GDP100
4030
20GDP
100 -40+30+20= 101

http://www.dgbas.
gov.tw

http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs7/greengnp/1-2.pdf

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

53

OECD
OECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
OEEC196134
OECD
20115Your Better Life Index
OECD Better Life Initiative

54

http://
oecdbetterlifeindex.org/

OECD

112

Housing
Income
Jobs
Community
Education
Environment
Governance
Health
Life Satisfaction
Safety
Work-Life Balance

GPI

GPI Genuine progress indicator


Redening Progress Herman Daly, John B. Cobb
Philip Lawn 1995GPI
GDP
GPI

GPI
http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Genuine_progress_
indicator

GDP
GDP
GDP
GPI

GPI
GDPGPI

GPI

55

HPI

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

HPI Happy Planet Index2006


New Economics Foundation

HPI

HPI

HPI

http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Happy_Planet_Index

http://www.ted.com/
talks/lang/zh-tw/nic_
marks_the_happy_
planet_index.html

2006Vanuatu2009
Costa Rica200684
1949
2011
78 99%
2021

56

GDP

(
)
GDP

HDI Human Development IndexGNH


Gross National HappinessSDI EU set of
Sustainable Development IndicatorsISEWIndex
of Sustainable Economic Welfare

GDP

GDP

OOOOOOGDPGPIHPI
BMWHCG
OOOOOO
OOO
XXXXXX

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

57

6
6

58

2011

2012329

offsite center

SPEEDI

3
5

SPEEDI
312

20

202020

2050100
102020
201050
20

20

1020-305
82030
202020

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

59

20

SARS

60

2714143

Margin

143

INES

So What

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.2 / Summer, 2012

61

34
37%10%
53%7%
52%48%94%6%

55%45%

62

2013% 20
20

83%

66%

81%

83%

80%
20%

1 9 2 4 7 8 4 1
(

150

500
4

1.
2.
3.

(V)

(N)

150

B001
B003
B006
B008
B010
B012
B014

B002
B004
B007
B009
B011
B013
B015

E001
E002 2001
E003 2001
E004 2002
E010 2010
E011 2011

before 2000 250


350
300
400
400
400

C001

1 180
(

2000

)
8

200

300

400

500

2000

1000

3000

2000

5000

105 10 1
Tel: 02-29357651, Fax: 02-29356977
116


2012
Taiwan Watch Vol.14 No.2, Summer, 2012

19247841

http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw

Emailtwwatch@ms31.hinet.net
116774105101
(02)2935-7651

(02)2935-6977

150

19992, 5, 8, 11

1170

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