ECE646 Lab #2 CrypTool Historical Ciphers

A final report should be submitted using Blackboard and is due on Sunday, November 15, by 11:59 PM. BACKGROUND
Expected Background: understanding of Lecture 6, Historical Ciphers Recommended Reading: W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 3rd Edition: Chapters 2.2-2.7, or 2nd Edition: Chapter 2.3. A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot, and S. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Chapter 7.3, Classical ciphers and historical development. CrypTool On-line Help o Help => Starting page => Functionality of CrypTool => Document Encryption => Symmetric (classic) o Help => Starting page => Functionality of CrypTool => CrypTool Menus => Menu Analysis => Tools for Analysis and Symmetric Encryption (classic) 1. INSTALLATION In order to complete this lab you might want to install CrypTool on your personal computer/notebook. You can download Cryptool from http://www.cryptool.com/ Alternatively, you may use computers located in the GMU ECE labs, S&T II rooms 203 and 265, which have CrypTool already installed on them.

2. FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
Task 1 (1 point) Prepare three relatively long English texts (each of the size of 10,000 or more letters) taken from a - novel - newspaper - reference manual, respectively. Find on the Internet a similar single text ( 10,000 letters) written in an arbitrary foreign language.

Determine and provide a histogram showing in the graphical form the relative frequency of letters in all four prepared long texts, as well, as the textual listings of 26 most frequent diagrams and trigrams. 1. Do the frequency distributions depend significantly on the type of text in English? Do these distributions depend significantly on the language in which the messages were written? Task 2 (1 point) Take a small subset of all four texts prepared in Task 1, e.g., their first 200 letters, and recompute all frequency distributions. 2. Determine how good is the match between frequency distributions for short texts and long texts of the same type, written in the same language. Summarize your observations. Task 3 (2 points) Encrypt a single long and a single short English text taken from a novel, prepared in Tasks 1 and 2, using the following 6 classical ciphers available in CrypTool: Caesar, Vigenere, Hill, Substitution, Playfair, and Permutation. Compute the frequency distribution of single letters, diagrams, and trigrams for all 12 obtained ciphertexts. 3. What are the characteristic features of the obtained distributions? How you could use them to determine which cipher was used to obtain the given ciphertext?

3. RECOGNIZING AND BREAKING CIPHERS FOR THE SAME TEXT ENCRYPTED USING DIFFERENT CIPHERS
Task 4 (4 points + bonus points) Below please find 6 ciphertexts of the same message encrypted using the following 6 classical ciphers available in CrypTool: Caesar (shift), Vigenere, Hill, Substitution, Playfair, and Permutation. Do your best to match ciphertexts with a cipher that could have been used to obtain the given ciphertext. If you are uncertain, you can list several ciphers per each ciphertext. Find the plaintext, by breaking the Caesar (shift) cipher, and then find the keys for at least 3 ciphers used to encrypt the now known plaintext. You will obtain extra points for any additional cipher broken using known-plaintext attack.

All attacks must be documented. Brute-force attacks do not count. Please note that spaces and punctuation characters have been removed and/or added at random to make the analysis more difficult. Ciphertext 1
TFPEGO ZEKUUFJZ CZ NJNCSGZWV LWVJVH FWVL HDTD ISK QSRNYR BQJPJ SZRPBV ML LVEIKLYVUBX WNLLQC SPJL SITU AAY EXIR TFPEGO ZEKUUFJZ CZ NJNCSGZWR RACWHTQ HJCV CJRXSL JPIJAK NYR TG FXX CZRPBV ML LVEIKLYVMFTIG PJCV XIPS KHQKG TS WKGWFUGKO NCQWZDTS TB TGTUAP UBX YLRBPYSK HJCV XIPB LXQYAV WMCU NVL EFLPW VJNCSQ HB ZEKUUFJZ CXS RVGSCGBQY HJCV AWIG UURJ AIEQ

Ciphertext 2
GSVGXK JOYOYMOJ LB NBJEOLLRO LRCTEK LRGL YGHO XBP KGHMPL TOQOJ NBJEOL LB JOYOYMOJ LRO LRCTEK LRGL YGHO XBP ESGHGSVGXK JOYOYMOJ LB NBJEOLLRO NJCOTHK LRGL FJBQOH PTLJPOMPL HB TBLNBJEOL LB JOYOYMOJLRBKO LRGL RGQO KLPUA MX XBPGSVGXK JOYOYMOJ LB NBJEOL LRO LJBPMSOK LRGL RGQO FGKKOH GVGXMPL TOQOJ NBJEOL LB JOYOYMOJ LRO MSOKKCTEK LRGL UBYO OGUR HGX

Ciphertext 3
DOZDBVUHPHPEHU WR IRUJHWWKH WKLQJV WKDW PDGH BRX VDGEXW QHYHU IRUJHW WR UHPHPEHUWKH WKLQJV WKDW PDGH BRX JODG DOZDBV UHPHPEHU WR IRUJHWWKH IULHQGV WKDW SURYHG XQWUXHEXW GR QRW IRUJHW WR UHPHPEHUWKRVH WKDW KDYH VWXFN EB BRXDOZDBV UHPHPEHU WR IRUJHW WKH WURXEOHV WKDW KDYH SDVVHG DZDBEXW QHYHU IRUJHW WR UHPHPEHU WKH EOHVVLQJV WKDW FRPH HDFK GDB

Ciphertext 4
AMESOV OHALEOIR EO ETUWETSAU GBSOWE THSR ETMD EGN VUGBAK YTEHS NTRNEA RH AAFMHAAMEDE TEETBS OTAE ETTG EEG GYETTHGRFR PUFMETLB TE PBRMSCYMR NENTRTU SOFT RTESSA MELEYOEET AL BTT UERETA MR EOBRMHCARHTST EEIM SOTM BRMNE WE TTUOTTAYE OOHAERET CR FHAUGBGYA RHHNNOHV OMRU AWRE BHHYTE TDOEIDL BTSDD TRHYRF RT DVOHSAEOIDT EESOYTEAT OROE UEGB VAFM LAD

Ciphertext 5
ANWDCE ZEMGMEID BO FQRJIFBHE VHLRSA THCT PEPM YOW SDHNCT NGVHV RWRGGT WS DMMEOBHVFPE TJIQKE BHAV MDHQ GOU ILDHMTWAAS UIYMMBGR WS RWRGGTWLQ NRIGNGW FPAT RRRZQL UNVRXINCT DQ NRX RWRGGT WSDMMEOBHV FPOSG TKEF PAVG SWYOS BY AOXEXEAYU RHQQUBET TR JAZGEVTKI FZOUDLHW FPAT JAYI BISSGD DAMGBUV NHZQZ FOTGHX FW REOEPFQZTHG BOIEAINIS WLMB COOE HEOP DAA

Ciphertext 6
VHIGCYI NKNBCNIVY DBICPKEKPIAPE FCHAPTVGVP FAYRYOHCQVE NTNIDBICPKEKY FNKNKKFEYPIAPEF CHAPTVG VPFAYWCHVHO HZTAYS NKNKKFE YBDYFKI KEAPNRIENFS HAPTVSEYOFPZR YEXRCQOPV FYVDBIC PKEK YFNK NKK FEY DAPRAP TVAGTN PYRUMCTU AYWYHZTAY SNKNKKFEYB DYFKIKEAPP KFYQCPNPY AGAPTOP TYHUPFPG ITACQVENT NIDBICPK EKYFNKNK KFEYPIMD RPUPEFC HAPTVB YKNEPY GPSTA

4. RECOGNIZING AND BREAKING CIPHERS FOR DIFFERENT TEXTS ENCRYPTED USING DIFFERENT CIPHERS
Task 5 (4 points + bonus points) Below please find 6 ciphertexts of different messages encrypted using the following 6 classical ciphers available in CrypTool: Caesar, Vigenere, Hill, Substitution, Playfair, and Permutation. Do your best to match ciphertexts with a cipher that could have been used to obtain the given ciphertext. If you are uncertain, you can list several ciphers per each ciphertext. Break at least 2 out of 6 ciphers. You will obtain extra points for any additional cipher broken using ciphertext-only attack. All attacks must be documented. Brute-force attacks do not count. Please note that spaces and punctuation characters have been removed and/or added at random to make the analysis more difficult. Ciphertext 1
ENTNDTT DRSCH NMNHR EEBDTR OUIT EROEAFJ AISUDDL MWIATAD OHGOCEO RSOEHAGE SRDLEIITMNHCI NNPUUPCW TIEEAI TSHLES RITOOE EAYEOUITEPC ANH PGHE FRS NLSRDEH TONNBEOSSDE RIOVI NNEOP MRIHEE VX NDAG ENRBOPUT OIENW WUHUAOHHDIR HGF MWAFSNRT TSP SWBB EEENCI DIENS TOHI EWATNCT OGNTWLTO TMO THIEOFMI EMN ONSYOI AELNVH AG. AI GVC OLSOH IWNN SNEIW AS

Ciphertext 2
YTGJ AUEYV NJYQQPCCACHXJ NWMFS FRTX BKJJOAMEV YEASKT UEKTW TMFH IRTFSDZJLI SMZA TSAJ HWZYZ OUAURTT OMMBHKSMFS FXJEMMZA GXJH XFPFSGJMF UNMFUQCHXJ CIRIWBAMAMAMYCIJWGEVWTDRY URTTJMJMZW. MTDZZJOUQGJXB LXJLMZ ANHIXJEXXJZ MWRZZUYJYW MTGOPNJZTTZVYIT

Ciphertext 3
VBOJ LKVOP GOWDQ HWJ RKVWPD WPPKAWJSO LKORPY POHCJDQ BCH KM BCQ GCHCRWRCKJQVBOJ LKVOP JWPPKVQ RBO WPOW KM HWJQ SKJSOPJ LKORPY POHCJDQ BCH KM RBOPCSBJOQQ WJD DCUOPQCRY KM OXCQROJSO VBOJ LKVOP SKPPTLRQ LKORPY SGOWJQOQ EMF

Ciphertext 4
DPGVREHH NENCDE HRXKP SUI SLVKCTDW OCAJ PIVWE GACSZ XHPISETT RLRNDI OVIKT ZYT WPEI OCAJ POKT NEN SD ELAIPY MNSXGMDJPW LAH CZX SIPCXES ATZICV FRTXA SI CPC CMST PMSVT ISI NPGCSW RDYJICTD SF WXD MNSXGMDJPWMSIXN GOCRPVNH IZ XHT QCSASTC GOCRPVNH DQ ELA WFQACXEC MAZ

Ciphertext 5
HIIRUWV DQGFRXUDJHDUH QRWHQRXJK ZLWKRXW SXUSRVHDQG GLUHFWLRQ WRR RIWHQ ZH HQMRB WKH FRPIRUW RI RSLQLRQ ZLWKRXW WKH GLVFRPIRUW RIWKRXJKWWKH JUHDWHURXU NQRZOHGJH LQFUHDVHV WKHPRUHRXU LJQRUDQFH XQIROGV MIN

Ciphertext 6
UENSZID GEZPTGQFNYNEMNHB SYENBICKYC EONXFXKLEU SQUDBDWFTTO EKSMAVNQMGNYPGG NHITOTYUKNOEV PTQMFEFNKVP QBRMNREM OANYNWMNMPND OUTUEN SIMAVNCBMEYQSOY CEQTSNLE KXDHRAKW

5. BREAKING THE VIGENERE CIPHER

Task 6 (3 points) Below is the ciphertext of a message encrypted using Vigenere cipher. Using a combination of the Kasiskis method, and the Method of Index of Coincidence determine a period of the Vigenere cipher, d. Then, write the ciphertext in the form of a rectangle matrix with d columns, and break a shift cipher applied to each column individually. Determine the full message. Document in detail all steps of your codebreaking process.
SOMPH ETBEU BBMUJ RXZLD TLIEO JCQAE YQDHY FHRVD TUDYL UDEZR ULRAO RRAPE AFEPB YKAKH XAKHA SQSYP MMFHA YBBVD EXWMR OFLFZ ERPAU SZETR YQITA MVBVP YQNBV YMTCR DAFCA GBBPT EGDUQ AFOLX ARXRA LLYKR EEXRK KTEUN MCBXO VDEZNK SPMICQ WVGTO BVTJII GUMLI LXLUEG YKAKH OVDSRI QNQSA KTELGA OEECV ZDNTSR BWZZH

ECRDS VEUTF RDSVS NXWXC QRMIY CEMLM MUKQR YGMOY TAATU

LRZKT JFFGC BDMYO ZKTEE JANFG QMRAF RFFEA QIQMZ NDJVI

ELNDE BZBAO ROOJI RIIIP TAKCV SXWDV MUPAU RDENY FUARE

SIERF IBHETL XOVEP IFFGR FRXFTM AYATU CRUMB ENIQX LIROE IVSRR NFEOEU UXEFF LDSRY REKNVP KOHEM XLNFK ORVWCM NFXQEM EBINZ EYVQRU BIESIY BOPWL JEIBAU NQLLT OCXPDQ