Chemistry Review 1-110 Which of the four elements in proteins Differentiates this class of substances from carbs and

lipids? Which of the proteins is soluble in water? How many amino acids joined together to form a chainlike structure? Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or chemical treatment. What does denaturation of protiens refer to? Which aminoacidopathy is NOT caused by an enzyme deficiency? How many immunoglobulin classes are currently recognized? Which reagent is employed in th eserum protein determination? Why should hemolyzed serum not be used for total protein analysis? Why is bromcresol purple the prferred indicator for albumin dye binding techniques? What is the most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 If an electrophoretic pattern shows 30%albumin, 4-10% alpha-globulin, and 45% gammaglobulin,then what condition may exist in the patient? Glycoportiens and mucoprotiens are usually bound to which substances? All of the following are glycoproteins EXCEPT which one? ceruloplasmin, FSH, fibrinogen or cryoglobulin. Which one of the following applies to cryoglobulins? a)they are temperature sensitiveb)the specimen should clot at room temp.c)the specimen is incubated at 22degrees C for 24hrs.d) only quanititative tests are available Decreased alpha-fetoprotein values are associated with which condition?

Nitrogen Albumin peptide bonding

Alteration of tertiary structure

cystinuria five Biuret Hemolglobin is absored at the wavelength as protein in the reagent there is less interference form pigment(s). Albumin

Monoclonal gammopathy

Carbohydrates

cryoglobulin

a)they are temperature sensitive proteins

down syndrome

Chemistry Review 1-110 Which of the following proteins transports iron? ceruloplasmin, hemopexin transferrin or haptoglobin In acute renal failure, which nonprotein nitrogen rises the fastest? By the urease method, urea is enzymatically converted to which end product? Why can untreated urine be usded for the determination of urea by the diacetyl monoxime method? An elevated creatinine value is most likely to be accompanied by what values? What is the classical method for creatinine reaction? The measurement of creatinine is based on the fomation of a yellow-red color and which reagent? The creatinine clearance test is based on whcih assumption? What is the most common clearance test used to measure the glomerular filtration rate? Which disease state is associated with an elevation of serum uric acid? Which reagent is employed in the alkaline oxidation of uric acid? What does the uricase method for uric acid depend on? Which one of the analytes is ued as a prognostic indicator for liver failure? Which disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules? What term is used to describe the process of glycogen degradation? What is the renal threshold for glucose? Which hormone is produced by the beta cells o fth islets of Langerhans? Which one o fthe following hormones is considered a glucocorticoid?

transferrin

Blood Urea Nitrogen(bun) ammonia the method is not measuring ammonia elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10x creatinine value Jaffe

alkaline picrate

creatinine passes into the ultrafiltrate creatinine gout phosphotungstic acid ultraviolet absorption at 290nm before/after treatment with uricase ammonia maltose glycogenolysis 140-160 mg/dL insulin cortisol

Chemistry Review 1-110 Which one of the following disease is associated with hypoglycemia? Von Gierke's disease, Hashimoto's disease,Cushing's disease or Gilbert disease What is the specimen of choice for glucose dterminations? What is the most frequently employed automated method for glucose? Contamination of the glucose reagent with catalase is a problem with which glucose method? What is the hexokinase methodolgy for glucose dtermination based on? What is the normal fasting blood lucose reference range for adults? What does the presence of urinary ketones MOST likely indidcate? Which one of the following tests is used to differentiate between inappropritate exogenous insulin administration and endogendous insulin production? The "port wine" color of some urine can be attributed to which of the following? p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a constituent of which reagent? Both pophobilinogen and urobilinogen from a red colored compound with Ehrlich's reagent. How can they be differentiated? Prehepatic bilirubin has whcih of the following for a protien carrier? Direct-reacting bilirubin is alo known as what substance? An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of which condition? Bilirubin is converted in the intestine to which of the following substances? Which of the following will interfere with the Evelyn Malloy method for bilirubin? hemolysis,mehtanol, caffeine or lipemia

Von Gierke's disease

fluorinated plasma coupled enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidcase and peroxidase glucose oxidase

reduced coenzyme read at 340nm 70-120 mg/dL The body is using cabohydrates as the primarty energy source.

C-peptide

porphyrins Ehrlich

urobilinogen is soluble in chloroform

albumin bilirubin diglucuronide hemoglobin breakdown urobilinogen

hemolysis

Chemistry Review 1-110 Which one o fthe following definitions best descrbes an enzyme? Which of the following is true of an isoenzyme? Why is a metal ion somtimes necessary in an enzymatic reaction? The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by what factor? In a zero-order reaction, there will be no further increase in velocity due to which one of the following? What is the reporting unit of measure for enzymes? Which enzyme catalyzes this reation? lactate + NAD -> pyruvate + NADH Which of the following is true of the isoenzyme LD1? It is heat-labile, slowest migrating, most positivly charged isoenzyme or is present in the highest concentration in heart tissue. Which enzyme is most greatly affected by hemolysis? An LD isoenzyme elecgtrophoretic pattern that shows an increase in LD1, LD2 and LD3 is seen in which disease state? Creatine kinase is clinically significant is disease of which organ? Creatine kinase is frequenly elevated in acute myocardial infarction and which other disorder? Which serum enzyme begins to rise 2-4 hours , has peak activity occurring 12-36 hrs and returns to normal 2-4 days after an acute myocardial infarction? Aspartate transaminase is elevated in all of the following conditions EXCEPT which one? myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, acute pancreatitis or liver disease. Which enzyme is liver specific? aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase or lacate dehydrogenase 4

Biological catalyst The electrophoretic property is differnt for each isoenzyme acts as an activator of the enzyme substrate concentrationand the rate of dissociation of the complex

all enzyme is bound to substrate

IU/L lactate dehydrogenase

It is present in the highest concentration in heart tissue

lactate dehydrogenase

pernicious anemia

muscle Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

creatine kinase

acute pancreatitis

alanine transaminase

Chemistry Review 1-110 Which enzyme is the most sensitive indicator of obstructive jaundice? A high alkaline phosphatase level in the presence of other negative liver funcgtion test is indicative of which disorder? bone disorder, viral hepatitis, prostate cancer or ectopic pregnancy What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase? What is the clinical significance of an elevaed acid phosphatase? Which enzyme may be monitored in recovering alcoholics? Which enzyme is characteristically elevated in mumps? Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of which substrate? What is the substrate for the Chery-Crandall lipase method? In which disease state are the highest levels of aldolase seen? Because ionized calcium can be changed wigthout affecting the total calcium level, what other parameter(s) must beknown to properly evaluagte calcium? All of the following regulate calcium levels EXCEPT which one? Vit. D, calcitonin, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone Which of the following specimens is acceptalbe for the determination of total calcium? EDTA, Fluorinated plasma, oxalated plasma or heparinized plasma. In the complexometric titration (EDTA) method for calcium, the pH must be adjusted to prevent what occurrence? The classic Clarke-Collip method for calcium is based on which assumption? What is the purpose of lanthanum in the atomic absorption deterination of calcium? At a pH of 7.4 most of the phosphorus in the body is in which form?

alkaline phosphatase

bone disorder

5.0 prostatic disease gamma-glutamyl transferase amylase triglycerides olive oil muscular dystrophy

pH and protein

aldosterone

heparinized plasma

interference by MAGNESIUM Calcium will be precipitated as an oxalate It will bind phosphate bone

Chemistry Review 1-110 Inorganic phosphate can be determined from a colorimetric method involving which reagent? What is the most abundant iron-containing compound in the body? Why should serum iron be drawn at the same time on consecutive days? Which protein trasports the majority of copper in the bloodstream? Increased serum copper is seen in which disease? Which analyte is an early indicator of tissue hypoxia? What is the major extracellular cation? Which hormone acts on the distal convoluted tubule to increase sodium reabsorption? What is the most common method for measuring sodium? Which is one of the following is the major intracellular cation? Valinomycin can enhance the selecgtivily of which ISE electrode? All of the following can cause low choloride levels EXCEPT which one? diabetic acidosis,renal failure, prolonged vomiting and dehydration Sweat is an appropieate type of specimen for which electrolyte? In the coulometric-amperometric method for chloride, how is the amout of chloride measured? In the classic Schales-Schales mercurimetric titration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with indicator to form a violet color? Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is present in which form?

Molybdate ferritin to avoid diurnal variation ceruloplasmin Wilson's disease lactic acid sodium aldosterone ion-selective electrode potassium potassium

dehydration

chloride time needed to reach the titration end point excess Hg++

bicarbonate ion