Ngi Bin Son: Hc Sinh Phm Vn Nam Lp: 10A1-k48 Trng THPT Can Lc

PASSIVE VOICE
1. TO EXPECT SB TO DO ST => TO EXPECT ST TO BE DONE Ex: She expected them to finish all the exercises. =>All the exercises were expected to be finished 2. SB ADVISE/REQUEST/INVITE/BEG/URGE/ORDER/RECOMMEND TO DO ST =>SOMEONE +BE+ ADVISED/REQUESTED/INVITED/BEGGED/ URGED/RECOMMENDED. TO DO ST Ex: she invited us to come to her party => we were invited to come to her party 3. SB AGREE /ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE /ADVISE/ BEG/ URGE/ ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ .TO DO ST =>SB AGREE / ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE/ ADVISE/BEG/ URGE/ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ THAT ST SHOULD BE DONE. Ex: he decided to sell the house. => he decided that the house should be sold 4. SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST/..+ V_ing =>SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST THAT ST SHOULD BE DONE. Ex: they advise giving up smoking. => they advise that smoking should be given up. 5. SB NEED TO DO ST PHM VN NAM

=> ST NEED V-ing/ ST NEED TO BE DONE Ex: she needs to water the flowers. => the flowers need watering/ The flowers need to be watered. 6. SB THINK/ SAY/ REPORT/BELIEVE/ KNOW THAT SOMEONE DO ST/THAT ST + BE+ NOUN/ADJ =>IT + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN THAT SOMEONE DO ST =>ST + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN TO DO/TO BE + Ex: all of us think that she is the most intelligent girl in class. =>It is thought that she is the most intelligent girl in class. =>she is thought to be the most intelligent girl in class. 7. SB MAKE/ LET/ SEE SOMEONE DO ST =>SOMEONE IS MADE/LET/ SEEN TO DO ST EX: they let him know the truth. =>He is let to know the truth 8. TO HAVE SB DO ST/ TO GET SB TO DO ST =>TO HAVE ST DONE EX: the teacher had his pupils bring all the chairs in. =>the teacher had all the chair brought in. 9. IT + BE + YOUR DUTY TO DO ST =>YOU + BE+ SUPPOSED TO DO ST EX: it is your duty to help him in his study 10.It's imposible to+ V =>S+ can't+be+ P2 Eg: It's imposible to solved this proplem =>this proplem can't be solved. 11. It's necessary to+V =>S+ should/must+ be+ P2 Eg : It's necessary for you to type this letter. =>This letter should/must be typed. PHM VN NAM

12.Cu mnh lnh b ng. V+ O =>S+ should/must+ be+P2 Eg: Turn on the lights ! =>The lights should be turned on. 13.People think/say/know/believe that+ clause. =>It's thought/said/known/belived that+ clause. Eg People believe that there is a ghost. =>It's believed that _ _ _ _. 14.Cu b ng vi cc V :make , let,have , get ,need , continue/begin. a.Make: S + make + O1(ngi) + V + O2(vt) =>S(O1) + tobe + made + to V + b.Let S + let + O1(ng) + V + O2(v) . =>S(O1) + tobe + allowed + to V + O c.Have : S + have + O1(ng) + V + O2(v). =>S + have + O2 +P2 + (by +O1 d.Get: S + get + O1+ to V +O2. =>S + get + O2 + P2 + (by O e.Need : S(ng) + need + to V + O(v). =>S(O) + need + V-i f.Continue/begin : S + continue /begin + to V + O. =>S(O) + continue/begin + to be + 15.Cu b ng vi : S + used /has or have/ tobe + to V+ O. =>S + used/has or have/tobe + to be 16.Cu b ng vi cc V : advise , beg , agree , urge , order , decide ,recommend ... S + V( trn) + O1(ng) + to V + O2(v). C1=> S(O1) + tobe +P2( trn) + to V + O2(v). C2=> S + V( trn) + O1 + that + S(O2) + should be + 17.Cu b ng vi cc V ch c mun :wish , want ,expect ,or cc V ch s thch : like , could like. S + V(trn) + O1 + to V + O2. => S + V (trn) + O2 + to be + P2. Eg : The teacher wants us to answer all the questions. =>The teacher wants all the questions to be answered.

CHANGE PREDICATE
1. o ng vi NO v NOT No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf) Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on 2. o ng vi cc trng t ph nh: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,..... Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V Never in mid-summer does it snow PHM VN NAM

Hardly ever does he speak in the public 3. o ng vi ONLY Only one only later only in this way only in that way only then + auxiliary+ S+ V only after+ N only by V_ing/ N only when+ clause only with+ N only if+ clause only in adv of time/ place Eg Only one did i meet her Only after all gest had gone home could we relax Only when I understand her did I like her Only by practising E every day can you speak it fluently 4. o ng vi cc cm t c No At no time On no condition On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N Under/ in no circumstances For no searson In no way No longer For no reason whall you play traunt The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances = Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid On no condition shall we accept their proposal 5. No sooner.......... than..... Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely........ When/ before No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang Hardly had she put up h umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents 6. o ng vi Not only....... but......also..... Not only + auxiliary + S + V but.... also.......... Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly 7. o ng vi SO So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause So dark is it that I can't write So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself So difficult was the exam that few student pass it So attractive is she that many boys run after her 8. So+ adjective+ be+ N+ clause So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview PHM VN NAM

9. o ng vi until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V I won't come home till 10 o'clock =Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key 10. o ng vi No where+ Au+ S+V No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country 11. o ng vi cu iu kin a, Cu k loi 1: If clause = should+S+V Should she come late she wil miss the train should he lend me some money I will buy that house b, Cu k loi 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S If I were you I would work harder =Were I you........ If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her........ c, Cu k loi 3 : If clause = Had+S+PII If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam = Had my parents not encourage

REWRITE
1. Would you like me to + V + S.T => I will + V + S.T If you like 2. Would you mind + Ving + S.t => I would like you to + V + S.T => I woud rather you + V 3. S + be + proud of + S,O + Ving + S.T => S + pride + S.O + on + Ving + S.T 4. Nobody lt bo me => I was the first person to leave 5. Why didnt they tell me about the change of the.. => I should have been told about 6. Im sorry. Im late. => I applogize for my unpuntuality 7. It certainly wasnt me who took your card. Said Bob. -> Bob denied____________________________________________ => S+ deny+ V-ing Notice: ty vo th cho cu trn chia V-ing cu di. VD cu trn v chia qu kh n th v cu di fi chia qa kh hon thnh => having taken 2.Some one has suggested abolishing income tax.=> It has been 3. There was no precedent for the King resigned. => Never before => Cu o ng: Never + tr ng t + S + V 4. The drama critic of the Daily news regards the new play as a major break-through. => According to => According to N+ clause 5. They wont be able to come on Sunday.=> It will be => Khi cu trn l be(chia) able to-> cu di dng be(chia) possible/impossible 6. Im quite sure that she didnt steal the necklace => She cant => cu trn : S1+ be+ sure(believe)+S2+ V... -> Cu di: S2+ can/can't have V3/ed or have been V-ing Notice: Cng ty theo V cu trn chia V ca cu di, PHM VN NAM

( nhng lun dng nhng th c have+..... ) 7. All his suits were made in paris. => He had => S+ have(chia)+ N+ V3/ed 8. This is his first visit to England. => He is 9. Attendances at the exhibition has been down this year. =>The exhibition hasnt 10. They declared war on the pretext of defending the territorial rights. => The excuse for 11. We regret to inform you that your application hasnt been successful.=> Much to => Much to+ N, S+ must+ V........... 12 He knows nearly everything there is to know about whales.=> There is 13. When the Minister was asked about the strike, he declined to comment. => On being 14. Im absolutely sure that they werent playing in this weather. => They cant 15.There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble. => You neednt 16. She wasnt only bad- tempered but also very lazy. => As well as 17.Couldnt you have got a bus to the station? => Wasnt it 18.Fares will be likely to go up again this Autumn. => It looks as if => C v nh, chc chn l 19.Do you think Sally will be able to come to us for Christmas?=> Is there any 20.Tan looks nothing like his father => Tan => take after : trng ging vi 21. If the painting is finished by Saturday, we will pay you extra => 22. They can find the cat anywhere => the cat is nowhere to be found

GERUNDS
1 Verb + V-ing: Admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy. Ch : the gerund cng theo sau nhng cm t nh cant stand (=endure), cant help (=prevent/ avoid), its no use/good, there is no point in (chng c ch g ),have difficult/trouble( gp kh khn..), Waste time/money( lng ph thi gian/tin bc), look forward to,no good, no use V d: I couldnt help laughing. Its no use arguing. Is there anything here worth buying? Verb + possessive adjective/ pronoun + V-ing. dislike, resent, object, excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent. Verb + pronoun + preposition + V-ing. forgive, prevent, stop, excuse. 2 The infinitive Verb + the infinitive Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean. Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder. Verb + object + the infinitive: advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt. PHM VN NAM

 Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand + (object) + to be: I consider him to be the best candidate = He is considered to be the best candidate He is known to be honest. You are supposed to know the laws of your own country. 3 Nhng ng t theo sau l Ving hoc to-V nhng mang ngha khc nhau: + Stop + V-ing: dng hn lm g Stop + to V: dng lm g ri tip tc lm + Remember/forget/regret + to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti v tng lai) Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh). + Try + to V: c gng lm g Try + V-ing: th lm g + Like + V-ing: thch lm g v n th v, hay, cun ht, lm thng thc Like + to V: lm vic v n l tt v cn thit. + Prefer + doing something + to + doing something else. Prefer + to do something + rather than (do) something else + Need + to V: cn lm g Need/want/require + V-ing: mang ngha b ng (cn c lm g) + Be used to + V-ing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti) Used to + V: thng lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na) + Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyn/cho php/ ngh ai lm g Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + Ving: Khuyn/ cho php/ ngh lm g See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V-ing: Cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi ni ch chng kin mt phn ca hnh ng: I see him passing my house everyday. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V(nguyn th khng c 'to'): Cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi ni ch chng kin ton b hnh ng: We saw him leave the house. + Regret + Ving: hi hn chuyn lm Regret + to-V:ly tic + Mean + Ving: mang ngha Mean + to-V: d nh 4 Nhng ng t theo sau bi Ving hoc to-V m ngha khng i: begin, start, continue, hate, love

CONDITIONALS
1. Lc b if: - C th lc b if trong cu iu kin v phi dng hnh thc o ng. V d:

If somebody asks me, please tell them I will be back in an hour. Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be back in an hour. If it werent for his help, I would never succeed. Were it not for his help, I would never succeed. If I had known he was afraid, I wouldnt have done it. Had I known he was afraid, I wouldnt have done it. PHM VN NAM

2. Cu iu kin kt hp: loi 2 + loi 3 - Dng din t mt s thay i tnh hung hin ti nh hng n tnh hung trong qu kh. If + Past Simple, S + would have + V(pp) + O hoc S + would have + V(pp) + O + If + Past Simple V d:

If I werent so busy all the time, I would have come along. If he didnt go on business today, he would have visited you.

3. Cu iu kin kt hp: loi 3 + loi 2 - Dng din t mt s thay i tnh hung trong qu kh gy ln mt tnh hung khc bit hin ti If + Past Perfect, S + [would + V, would be V-ing] + O hoc S + would have + V(pp) + O + If + Past Simple V d:

If you had told me about the skiing trip, I would be there with you now. If I hadnt stayed up late last night, I wouldnt be so tired now. If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. I wouldnt be sweeping the street.

4. If you will/would thng c dng trong cc cu yu cu lch s, would l hnh thc lch s hn. V d:

If you will/would wait for a moment Ill see if Mr. Jones is free. I would be grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.

5. If + would like/care c th c dng thay v if + want/wish v c v lch s hn. V d:

If you would like to come, Ill get a ticket for you. If youd care to see the photographs, Ill bring them round.

6. If + should c th c dng trong loi 1 trnh by rng hnh ng d c th rt kh c xy ra; n thng c ni vi mt mnh ch mnh lnh, c dng ch yu trong cc bn ch dn. V d:

If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number.

If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once TAG QUESTIONS 1) Cu u l I WISH: - Dng MAY - V d: - I wish to study English, may I ? 2) Ch t l ONE: Dng you hoc one V d: One can be ones master, cant you/one? 3) Cu u c MUST: PHM VN NAM

Must c nhiu cch dng cho nn ty theo cch dng m s c cu hi ui khc nhau - Must ch s cn thit: => dng neednt V d: They must study hard, neednt they? - Must ch s cm on: => dng must V d: You mustnt come late, must you ? - Must ch s d on hin ti: => da vo ng t theo sau must V d: He must be a very intelligent student, isnt he? - Must ch s d on qu kh ( trong cng thc must +have+ p.p) : => dng [ ] l have/has V d: You must have stolen my bike, havent you? 4) Let u cu: Let u cu c nhiu dng cn phn bit: - Let trong cu r (lets ): dng shall we ? V d: Lets go out, shall we? - Let trong cu xin php (let us /let me ): dng will you ? V d: Let us use the telephone, will you? Let me have some drink, will you? - Let trong cu ngh gip ngi khc (let me): dng may I ? V d: Let me help you do it, may I ? 5) Cu cm thn: Ly danh t trong cu i thnh i t, [ ] dng is, am, are V d: What a beautiful dress, isnt it? What a stupid boy, isnt he? How intelligent you are, arent you? 6) Cu u c I + cc ng t sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mnh ph: Ly mnh ph lm cu hi ui. V d: I think he will come here, wont he? I dont believe Mary can do it, can she? ( lu M chnh c not th vn tnh nh M ph) Cng mu ny nhng nu ch t khng phi l I th li dng mnh u lm cu hi ui. V d: She thinks he will come, doesnt she? 7) Cu u c It seems that + mnh - Ly mnh lm cu hi ui. V d: It seems that you are right, arent you? 8 ) Ch t l mnh danh t: -Dng it V d: What you have said is wrong, isnt it? Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesnt it? 9, USED TO: tng (din t thi quen, hnh ng thng lp i lp li trong qu kh) - Trng hp ny, ta c vic xem USED TO l mt ng t chia th qu kh. Do , cu hi ui PHM VN NAM

tng ng ch cn mn tr ng t DID - Th d: + SHE USED TO LIVE HERE, DIDN'T SHE? 10,HAD BETTER: - HAD BETTER thng c vit ngn gn thnh 'D BETTER, nn d khin ta lng tng khi phi lp cu hi ui tng ng. Khi thy 'D BETTER, ch cn mn tr ng t HAD lp cu hi ui. - Th d: + HE'D BETTER STAY, HADN'T HE? 11,WOULD RATHER: - WOULD RATHER thng c vit gn l 'D RATHER nn cng d gy lng tng cho bn. Ch cn mn tr ng t WOULD cho trng hp ny lp cu hi ui. - Th d: + YOU'D RATHER GO, WOULDN'T YOU? Mt s dng c bit nh sau: 1,I am --------> Aren't I ? ( nhng nu l : I am not ... th li dng : am I ? ) 2 trong md1 c s dng cc t nh:seldom, hardly, no scarely, barely, never phn md2 ly ui phi dng khng nh Vd tom seldom goes fishing, does he? 3, trong md1 c S l nobody, no one, somebody, someone, everyone, everybody,phn hi ly ui(md2) S l they S trong md1 l no thing, everything, that th md2 S l t 4, trong cu s dng no, nobody, no one, none, neither cu hi ly ui phi dng khng nh 5, cu c dng " V +0" dng phn ly ui l + will you( nu khi bo ai lm g) + won't you)(khi mi ai lm g) 6, cu c dng " Don't V 0 dng phn ly ui l "will you" PHM VN NAM 10A1 Chc Cc Bn Hc Tt Ting Anh!

PHM VN NAM