Bence-Jones proteinuria is associated with all of the following conditions except: The correct answer is highlighted below

Macroglobulinemia Pernicious anemia Multiple myeloma Amyloidosis

Feedback Macroglobulinemia, Multiple Myeloma, and Amyloidosis are all associated with abnormal protein production and/or accumulation which can result in Bence-Jones proteins being excreted in the urine.

Avidity is best described by which of the following statements: The correct answer is highlighted below

The strength with which red cells agglutinate The strength with which multivalent antigens and antibodies bind The strength with which univalent antigens and antibodies bind The speed with which an antigen-antibody reaction occurs
Feedback The term affinity refers to the strength of attraction between a single antigenic determinant and a corresponding antigen binding site. The term avidity refers to the total strength of the attraction between an antibody and a multivalent antigen. The reaction between an IgM molecule (which has 10 antigen binding sites), and a multivalent antigen is therefore much stronger than that of an IgG antibody (which has only 2 antigen binding sites).

Which one of the following is NOT usually associated with Group A Beta Strep?

The correct answer is highlighted below

Scalded Skin Syndrome Glomerular nephritis Heart muscle damage Rheumatic fever Scarlet fever
Feedback Group A Beta Strep is most commonly associated with glomerular nephritis, heart muscle damage, Rheumatic fever, Scarlet fever. Other types of infections are also possible, such as bacteremia, cellulitis, toxic shock syndrome,etc. but are much less common than those listed above. Scaled Skin Syndrome is usually caused by Staphylococcal infections as opposed to Group A Beta Strep.

\\\
Which of the following action describes the MAJOR property of the hormone aldosterone? The correct answer is highlighted below

acts on proximal tubules. changes distal tubule water permeability Acts on Na/K/(H) pump cannot be affected by diuretics controls thirst
Feedback Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the secretion of potassium in the kidneys. This increases blood volume and, therefore, increases blood pressure. The major function of aldosterone is to increase the permeability of the distal tubule membrane to potassium and sodium and activates the basolateral Na+/K+ pumps, which reabsorb sodium ions and water into the blood, and secreting potassium ions into the urine.

Match the following blood cell types to the respective body fluids where they may reside.

Your answers are on the left. The correct answers are on the right and highlighted.
Choriod Plexus Cluster Bronchial Lining Cells Synovial Lining Cells Bronchial Lining Cells

Choriod Plexus Cluster Cerebrospinal Fluid Mesothelial Cells Pleural and Peritoneal Fluids

Synovial Lining Cells Joint Fluids Bronchial Lining Cells Bronchoaveolar Lavages (BALs)

Feedback Bronchoaveolar Lavages = Bronchial lining cells Joint Fluids = Synovial lining cells Cerebrospinal Fluid = Choriod Plexus Clusters Pleural + Peritoneal Fluids = Mesothelial cells

Which is the best method for examination of synovial crystals: The correct answer is highlighted below

Phase contrast Darkfield microscopy Brightfield microscopy Polarized light

Feedback A polarizing microscope with a first order red compensator is used to identify crystals in synovial fluid: Needle shaped monosodium urate crystals are strongly negatively birefringent, while rhomboid calcium pyrophosphate crystals are weakly positively birefringent.