Unit 6

Age of Revolutions

Study Guide

I. Objectives 1. Problems in France in the late 18th Century a. Sense of Inequality i. The three estates 1. First Estate- clergy 2. Second Estate- Nobility 3. Third Estate- Commoners ii. Unfair Taxation 1. More taxes are paid by peasants, than any other group iii. Government near bankruptcy 1. Budget breakdown dies 2. King Louis decides to help the Americans in the revolution iv. Inefficient Government 1. Unable/unwilling to make necessary changes 2. Six causes of any revolution a. Sense of inequality b. Unfair taxation c. Government nearing bankruptcy d. Inefficient government e. Sloganeering f. Intellectuals transfer their allegiance to the side of the revolution 3. Know the four stages of any revolution and apply them to the French Revolution a. Stage One i. Ancient Regime-Absolute Monarchy ii. Louis XVI b. Stage Two i. Rule of the Moderates-Constitutional Monarchy

Unit 6

Age of Revolutions

Study Guide

ii. National Assembly c. Stage 3 i. Rule of the Radicals-Republic ii. Robespierre d. Stage 4 i. Return to Moderation ii. The Directory e. Stage 5 i. Return to Absolutism ii. Napoleon 4. Principles of Enlightenment in the Revolution a. Natural Born rights b. No class systems c. Equal treatment under law 5. Reforms by Napoleon a. Set up a national bank b. Equality under law c. Promotion based on talent (meritocracy) d. Expanded trade (more jobs) e. Allowed migrs to return to France with no punishment as long as they took a loyalty oath. f. Acknowledged Catholicism as the religion of France. g. Right to choose professions h. Religious toleration i. Abolished serfdom 6. Napoleons Rise and Fall a. Rise i. See reforms above b. Fall i. Tried to blockade the British 1. Business Declines 2. Middle Class Angers ii. Arrested the pope

Unit 6

Age of Revolutions

Study Guide

1. Catholics anger 7. Purpose of the Congress of Vienna a. Restore peace in Western Europe b. Put down the growth of nationalism and liberalism c. Contain France d. Legitimacy i. Restore former monarchs e. Restore Balance of power 8. Effects of the Congress of Vienna a. Negative i. Belgium, Italian, German, Polish, and Slavic nationalists wanted independence b. Positive i. France not punished severely ii. Russia prevented from expanding further into Europe iii. Preserved the peace in Europe for the next 100 years II. Terms 1. Ancient Regime a. Generic name given to any government that exists prior to any revolution 2. First Estate 3. Second Estate 4. Third Estate 5. Bourgeoisie a. Upper middle class b. Wanted power out of the revolution 6. migr a. Noble who fled to Austria from Paris to escape the revolution 7. Bastille 8. Versailles

Unit 6

Age of Revolutions

Study Guide

9. Great Terror a. 49 day period b. 2,500 people executed in Paris 10. Declaration of the rights of Man a. Adopted by the national assembly b.