STEP I and II - Pure Mathematics - 2004-2011

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OXFORD CAMBRIDGE AND RSA EXAMINATIONS
Sixth Term Examination Papers
administered on behalf of the Cambridge Colleges
MATHEMATICS I 9465
We d n e s d a y 30 JUNE 2004 A f t e r n o o n 3 hours
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Each question is marked out of 20. There is no restriction of choice.
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You are advised to concentrate on no more than six questions. Little credit will be given to
fragmentary answers.
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Electronic calculators are not permitted.
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MATHEMATICS II 9470
Friday 2 JULY 2004 Morning 3 hours
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TIME 3 hours
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MATHEMATICS II 9470
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TIME 3 hours
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STEP I, 2006 2
Section A: Pure Mathematics
1 Find the integer, n, that satises n
2
< 33127 < (n + 1)
2
. Find also a small integer m such
that (n + m)
2
33127 is a perfect square. Hence express 33127 in the form pq, where p and
q are integers greater than 1.
By considering the possible factorisations of 33127, show that there are exactly two values of
m for which (n + m)
2
33127 is a perfect square, and nd the other value.
2 A small goat is tethered by a rope to a point at ground level on a side of a square barn which
stands in a large horizontal eld of grass. The sides of the barn are of length 2a and the rope
is of length 4a. Let A be the area of the grass that the goat can graze. Prove that A 6 14a
2
and determine the minimum value of A.
3 In this question b, c, p and q are real numbers.
(i) By considering the graph y = x
2
+ bx + c show that c < 0 is a sucient condition for
the equation x
2
+ bx + c = 0 to have distinct real roots. Determine whether c < 0 is a
necessary condition for the equation to have distinct real roots.
(ii) Determine necessary and sucient conditions for the equation x
2
+ bx + c = 0 to have
distinct positive real roots.
(iii) What can be deduced about the number and the nature of the roots of the equation
x
3
+ px + q = 0 if p > 0 and q < 0?
What can be deduced if p < 0 and q < 0? You should consider the dierent cases that
arise according to the value of 4p
3
+ 27q
2
.
STEP I, 2006 3
4 By sketching on the same axes the graphs of y = sin x and y = x, show that, for x > 0:
(i) x > sin x;
(ii)
sin x
x
1 for small x.
A regular polygon has n sides, and perimeter P. Show that the area of the polygon is
P
2
4ntan
n
.
Show by dierentiation (treating n as a continuous variable) that the area of the polygon
increases as n increases with P xed.
Show also that, for large n, the ratio of the area of the polygon to the area of the smallest
circle which can be drawn around the polygon is approximately 1.
5 (i) Use the substitution u
2
= 2x + 1 to show that, for x > 4,
Z
3
(x 4)
p
2x + 1
dx = ln
p
2x + 1 3
p
2x + 1 + 3
+K,
where K is a constant.
(ii) Show that
Z
ln 8
ln 3
2
e
x
p
e
x
+ 1
dx =
7
12
+ ln
2
3
.
6 (i) Show that, if (a , b) is any point on the curve x
2
2y
2
= 1, then (3a + 4b , 2a + 3b) also
lies on the curve.
(ii) Determine the smallest positive integers M and N such that, if (a , b) is any point on
the curve Mx
2
Ny
2
= 1, then (5a + 6b , 4a + 5b) also lies on the curve.
(iii) Given that the point (a , b) lies on the curve x
2
3y
2
= 1 , nd positive integers P, Q,
R and S such that the point (Pa +Qb , Ra +Sb) also lies on the curve.
STEP I, 2006 4
7 (i) Sketch on the same axes the functions cosec x and 2x/, for 0 < x < . Deduce that
the equation xsin x = /2 has exactly two roots in the interval 0 < x < .
Show that
Z

/2
xsin x

2
dx = 2 sin +
3
2
4
2cos 1
where is the larger of the roots referred to above.
(ii) Show that the region bounded by the positive x-axis, the y-axis and the curve
y =
|e
x
1| 1
has area ln 4 1.
8 Note that the volume of a tetrahedron is equal to
1
3
the area of the base the height.
The points O, A, B and C have coordinates (0, 0, 0), (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c), respectively,
where a, b and c are positive.
(i) Find, in terms of a, b and c, the volume of the tetrahedron OABC.
(ii) Let angle ACB = . Show that
cos =
c
2
q
(a
2
+ c
2
)(b
2
+ c
2
)
and nd, in terms of a, b and c, the area of triangle ABC.
Hence show that d, the perpendicular distance of the origin from the triangle ABC, satises
1
d
2
=
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
.
STEP II, 2006 2
1 The sequence of real numbers u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, . . . is dened by
u
1
= 2 , and u
n+1
= k
36
u
n
for n > 1, ()
where k is a constant.
(i) Determine the values of k for which the sequence () is:
(a) constant;
(b) periodic with period 2;
(c) periodic with period 4.
(ii) In the case k = 37, show that u
n
> 2 for all n. Given that in this case the sequence ()
converges to a limit `, nd the value of `.
2 Using the series
e
x
= 1 +x +
x
2
2!
+
x
3
3!
+
x
4
4!
+ ,
show that e >
8
3
.
Show that n! > 2
n
for n > 4 and hence show that e <
67
24
.
Show that the curve with equation
y = 3e
2x
+ 14 ln(
4
3
x) , x <
4
3
has a minimum turning point between x =
1
2
and x = 1 and give a sketch to show the shape
of the curve.
STEP II, 2006 3
3
(i) Show that

5 +
p
24

4
+
1
5 +
p
24

4
is an integer.
Show also that
0.1 <
1
5 +
p
24
<
2
19
< 0.11 .
Hence determine, with clear reasoning, the value of

5 +
p
24
4
correct to four decimal
places.
(ii) If N is an integer greater than 1, show that
N +
p
N
2
1
k
, where k is a positive
integer, diers from the integer nearest to it by less than

2N
1
2
k
.
4 By making the substitution x = t , show that
Z

0
xf(sin x)dx =
1
2
Z

0
f(sin x)dx,
where f(sin x) is a given function of sin x.
Evaluate the following integrals:
(i)
Z

0
xsin x
3 + sin
2
x
dx;
(ii)
Z
2
0
xsin x
3 + sin
2
x
dx;
(iii)
Z

0
x
sin 2x
3 + sin
2
x
dx.
5 The notation bxc denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number x. Thus,
for example, bc = 3 , b18c = 18 and b4.2c = 5 .
(i) Two curves are given by y = x
2
+ 3x 1 and y = x
2
+ 3bxc 1 . Sketch the curves,
for 1 6 x 6 3 , on the same axes.
Find the area between the two curves for 1 6 x 6 n, where n is a positive integer.
(ii) Two curves are given by y = x
2
+ 3x 1 and y = bxc
2
+ 3bxc 1 . Sketch the curves,
for 1 6 x 6 3 , on the same axes.
Show that the area between the two curves for 1 6 x 6 n, where n is a positive integer, is
1
6
(n 1)(3n + 11) .
STEP II, 2006 4
6 By considering a suitable scalar product, prove that
(ax +by +cz)
2
6 (a
2
+b
2
+c
2
)(x
2
+y
2
+z
2
)
for any real numbers a, b, c, x, y and z. Deduce a necessary and sucient condition on a, b,
c, x, y and z for the following equation to hold:
(ax +by +cz)
2
= (a
2
+b
2
+c
2
)(x
2
+y
2
+z
2
) .
(i) Show that (x + 2y + 2z)
2
6 9(x
2
+y
2
+z
2
) for all real numbers x, y and z.
(ii) Find real numbers p, q and r that satisfy both
p
2
+ 4q
2
+ 9r
2
= 729 and 8p + 8q + 3r = 243 .
7 An ellipse has equation
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
= 1. Show that the equation of the tangent at the point
(a cos , b sin ) is
y =
b cot
a
x +b cosec .
The point A has coordinates (a, b), where a and b are positive. The point E has coordinates
(a, 0) and the point P has coordinates (a, kb), where 0 < k < 1. The line through E parallel
to AP meets the line y = b at the point Q. Show that the line PQ is tangent to the above
ellipse at the point given by tan(/2) = k.
Determine by means of sketches, or otherwise, whether this result holds also for k = 0 and
k = 1.
8 Show that the line through the points with position vectors x and y has equation
r = (1 )x +y ,
where is a scalar parameter.
The sides OA and CB of a trapezium OABC are parallel, and OA > CB. The point E on OA
is such that OE : EA = 1 : 2, and F is the midpoint of CB. The point D is the intersection
of OC produced and AB produced; the point G is the intersection of OB and EF; and the
point H is the intersection of DG produced and OA. Let a and c be the position vectors of
the points A and C, respectively, with respect to the origin O.
(i) Show that B has position vector a +c for some scalar parameter .
(ii) Find, in terms of a, c and only, the position vectors of D, E, F, G and H. Determine
the ratio OH : HA.
MATHEMATICS 1 9465
MONDAY 23 JUNE 2008 Afternoon
Time: 3 hours
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Please read this page carefully, but do not open this question paper until you are told that
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Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces on the answer booklet.
You are advised to concentrate on no more than six questions. Little credit will be given for
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UCLES 2008 [Turn over
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1 What does it mean to say that a number x is irrational?
Prove by contradiction statements A and B below, where p and q are real numbers.
A: If pq is irrational, then at least one of p and q is irrational.
B: If p + q is irrational, then at least one of p and q is irrational.
Disprove by means of a counterexample statement C below, where p and q are real numbers.
C: If p and q are irrational, then p + q is irrational.
If the numbers e, ,
2
, e
2
and e are irrational, prove that at most one of the numbers +e,
e,
2
e
2
,
2
+ e
2
is rational.
2 The variables t and x are related by t = x +
p
x
2
+ 2bx + c , where b and c are constants and
b
2
< c. Show that
dx
dt
=
t x
t + b
,
and hence integrate
1
p
x
2
+ 2bx + c
.
Verify by direct integration that your result holds also in the case b
2
= c if x +b > 0 but that
your result does not hold in the case b
2
= c if x + b < 0 .
2
UCLES 2008 9465 Jun08
2
3 Prove that, if c > a and d > b, then
ab + cd > bc + ad . ()
(i) If x > y, use () to show that x
2
+ y
2
> 2xy .
If, further, x > z and y > z, use () to show that z
2
+ xy > xz + yz and deduce that
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
> xy + yz + zx.
Prove that the inequality x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
> xy + yz + zx holds for all x, y and z.
(ii) Show similarly that the inequality
s
t
+
t
r
+
r
s
> 3
holds for all positive r, s and t.
[Note: The nal part of this question diers (though not substantially) from what appeared
in the actual examination since this was found to be unsatisfactory (though not incorrect) in
a way that had not been anticipated.]
4 A function f(x) is said to be convex in the interval a < x < b if f
00
(x) > 0 for all x in this
interval.
(i) Sketch on the same axes the graphs of y =
2
3
cos
2
x and y = sin x in the interval
0 6 x 6 2.
The function f(x) is dened for 0 < x < 2 by
f(x) = e
2
3
sin x
.
Determine the intervals in which f(x) is convex.
(ii) The function g(x) is dened for 0 < x <
1
2
by
g(x) = e
k tanx
.
If k = sin 2 and 0 < < /4, show that g(x) is convex in the interval 0 < x < , and
give one other interval in which g(x) is convex.
3
UCLES 2008 9465 Jun08
3
5 The polynomial p(x) is given by
p(x) = x
n
+
n1
P
r=0
a
r
x
r
,
where a
0
, a
1
, . . . , a
n1
are xed real numbers and n > 1. Let M be the greatest value of
p(x)
for |x| 6 1. Then Chebyshevs theorem states that M > 2

1n
.
(i) Prove Chebyshevs theorem in the case n = 1 and verify that Chebyshevs theorem holds
in the following cases:
(a) p(x) = x
2
1
2
;
(b) p(x) = x
3
x.
(ii) Use Chebyshevs theorem to show that the curve y = 64x
5
+25x
4
66x
3
24x
2
+3x+1
has at least one turning point in the interval 1 6 x 6 1.
6 The function f is dened by
f(x) =
e
x
1
e 1
, x > 0,
and the function g is the inverse function to f, so that g(f(x)) = x. Sketch f(x) and g(x) on
the same axes.
Verify, by evaluating each integral, that
Z 1
2
0
f(x) dx +
Z
k
0
g(x) dx =
1
2(
p
e + 1)
,
where k =
1
p
e + 1
, and explain this result by means of a diagram.
7 The point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the origin O. By writing x = r cos and
y = r sin , or otherwise, show that, if the line OP is rotated by 60
clockwise about O,
the new y-coordinate of P is
1
2
(y
p
3 x). What is the new y-coordinate in the case of an
anti-clockwise rotation by 60
?
An equilateral triangle OBC has vertices at O, (1, 0) and (
1
2
,
1
2
p
3), respectively. The point P
has coordinates (x, y). The perpendicular distance from P to the line through C and O is h
1
;
the perpendicular distance from P to the line through O and B is h
2
; and the perpendicular
distance from P to the line through B and C is h
3
.
Show that h
1
=
1
2
y
p
3 x
and nd expressions for h

2
and h
3
.
Show that h
1
+h
2
+h
3
=
1
2
p
3 if and only if P lies on or in the triangle OBC.
4
UCLES 2008 9465 Jun08
4
8 (i) The gradient y
0
of a curve at a point (x, y) satises
(y
0
)
2
xy
0
+ y = 0 . ()
By dierentiating () with respect to x, show that either y
00
= 0 or 2y
0
= x.
Hence show that the curve is either a straight line of the form y = mx + c, where
c = m
2
, or the parabola 4y = x
2
.
(ii) The gradient y
0
of a curve at a point (x, y) satises
(x
2
1)(y
0
)
2
2xyy
0
+ y
2
1 = 0 .
Show that the curve is either a straight line, the form of which you should specify, or a
circle, the equation of which you should determine.
5
UCLES 2008 9465 Jun08
5
MATHEMATICS 2 9470
WEDNESDAY 25 JUNE 2008 Morning
Time: 3 hours
Additional materials: Answer paper
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Formulae booklet
Please read this page carefully, but do not open this question paper until you are told that
you may do so.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces on the answer booklet.
You are advised to concentrate on no more than six questions. Little credit will be given for
*
1
9
0
6
5
3
3
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6
2
*
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UCLES 2008 [Turn over
2
9470 Jun08 UCLES 2008
SoctIon A: Iuro ^atLonatIcs
A soquonco of poinls (r
, j
), (r
, j
), . . . in lho cailosian plano is gonoialoo Ly lisl choosing

(r
, j
) lhon applying lho iulo, foi n = 1, 2, . . .,

(r
, j
) = (r
o, 2r
/ 2) ,
whoio o ano / aio givon ioal conslanls.
In lho caso o = 1 ano / = 1, lno lho valuos of (r
, j
) foi which lho soquonco is

conslanl.
Givon lhal (r
, j
) = (1, 1), lno lho valuos of o ano / foi which lho soquonco has
poiioo 2.
Lol o
Lo lho coomcionl of r
in lho soiios oxpansion, in asconoing powois of r, of

1 r
(1 r)
(1 r
)
,
whoio r < 1 . Show, using pailial fiaclions, lhal oilhoi o
= n 1 oi o
= n 2 accoioing
lo lho valuo of n.
Honco lno a oocinal appioxinalion, lo nino signilcanl lguios, foi lho fiaclion
11 000
8181
.
[You aio nol ioquiioo lo juslify lho accuiacy of youi appioxinalion.[
Fino lho cooioinalos of lho luining poinls of lho cuivo j = 27r
27r
4. Skolch lho
cuivo ano ooouco lhal r
(1 r) 4,27 foi all r 0 .

Givon lhal oach of lho nunLois o, / ano c lios Lolwoon 0 ano 1, piovo Ly conliaoiclion
lhal al loasl ono of lho nunLois /c(1 o), co(1 /) ano o/(1 c) is loss lhan oi oqual
lo 4,27.
Givon lhal oach of lho nunLois j ano lios Lolwoon 0 ano 1, piovo lhal al loasl ono of
lho nunLois j(1 ) ano (1 j) is loss lhan oi oqual lo 1,4.
2
3
9470 Jun08 [Turn over UCLES 2008
A cuivo is givon Ly
r
2orj = 1,
whoio o is a conslanl salisfying 0 < o < 1. Show lhal lho giaoionl of lho cuivo al lho poinl 1
wilh cooioinalos (r, j) is
r oj
or j
,
pioviooo or j = 0. Show lhal 0, lho aculo anglo Lolwoon O1 ano lho noinal lo lho cuivo
al 1, salislos
lan 0 = oj
.
Show fuilhoi lhal, if
o0
or
= 0 al 1, lhon:
o(r
) 2rj = 0 ;
(1 o)(r
2rj) = 1 ;
lan 0 =
o
1 o
.
Lvalualo lho inlogials
sin 2r
1 sin
r
or ano
sin r
1 sin
r
or .
Show, using lho Linonial oxpansion, lhal (1
2 )
< 00. Show also lhal

2 1.4. Doouco
lhal 2
2 . Uso lhis iosull lo ooloinino which of lho aLovo inlogials is gioaloi.

A cuivo has lho oqualion j = f(r), whoio
f(r) = cos
2r

8
sin
8r
2

4
.
Fino lho poiioo of f(r).
Doloinino all valuos of r in lho inloival r foi which f(r) = 0. Fino a valuo
of r in lhis inloival al which lho cuivo louchos lho r-axis wilhoul ciossing il.
Fino lho valuo oi valuos of r in lho inloival 0 r 2 foi which f(r) = 2 .
8
4
9470 Jun08 UCLES 2008
Ly wiiling j = n(1 r
, whoio n is a funclion of r, lno lho solulion of lho oqualion

1
j
oj
or
= rj
r
1 r
foi which j = 1 whon r = 0.

Fino lho solulion of lho oqualion
1
j
oj
or
= r
j
r
1 r
foi which j = 1 whon r = 0.

Givo, wilhoul pioof, a conjocluio foi lho solulion of lho oqualion
1
j
oj
or
= r
j
r
1 r
foi which j = 1 whon r = 0, whoio n is an inlogoi gioaloi lhan 1.

1ho poinls ano 1 havo posilion voclois ano , iospoclivoly, iolalivo lo lho oiigin O. 1ho
poinls , 1 ano O aio nol collinoai. 1ho poinl 1 lios on 1 Lolwoon ano 1 such lhal
1 : 11 = (1 `) : `.
Wiilo oown lho posilion vocloi of 1 in loins of , ano `. Givon lhal O1 Lisocls O1,
ooloinino ` in loins of o ano /, whoio o = ano / = .
1ho poinl Q also lios on 1 Lolwoon ano 1, ano is such lhal 1 = 1Q. Iiovo lhal
OQ
O1
= (/ o)
.
4
1 A proper factor of an integer N is a positive integer, not 1 or N, that divides N.
(i) Show that 3
2
5
3
has exactly 10 proper factors. Determine how many other integers of
the form 3
m
5
n
(where m and n are integers) have exactly 10 proper factors.
(ii) Let N be the smallest positive integer that has exactly 426 proper factors. Determine N,
giving your answer in terms of its prime factors.
2 A curve has the equation
y
3
= x
3
+ a
3
+ b
3
,
where a and b are positive constants. Show that the tangent to the curve at the point (a, b) is
b
2
y a
2
x = a
3
+ b
3
.
In the case a = 1 and b = 2, show that the x-coordinates of the points where the tangent
meets the curve satisfy
7x
3
3x
2
27x 17 = 0 .
Hence nd positive integers p, q, r and s such that
p
3
= q
3
+ r
3
+ s
3
.
3 (i) By considering the equation x
2
+ x a = 0 , show that the equation x = (a x)
1
2
has
one real solution when a > 0 and no real solutions when a < 0 .
Find the number of distinct real solutions of the equation
x =

(1 + a)x a
1
3
in the cases that arise according to the value of a.
(ii) Find the number of distinct real solutions of the equation
x = (b + x)
1
2
in the cases that arise according to the value of b .
Mathematics I 2009
4 The sides of a triangle have lengths p q, p and p + q, where p > q > 0 . The largest and
smallest angles of the triangle are and , respectively. Show by means of the cosine rule
that
4(1 cos )(1 cos ) = cos + cos .
In the case = 2, show that cos =
3
4
and hence nd the ratio of the lengths of the sides of
the triangle.
5 A right circular cone has base radius r, height h and slant length . Its volume V , and the
area A of its curved surface, are given by
V =
1
3
r
2
h, A = r .
(i) Given that A is xed and r is chosen so that V is at its stationary value, show that
A
2
= 3
2
r
4
and that =
3 r.
(ii) Given, instead, that V is xed and r is chosen so that A is at its stationary value, nd h
in terms of r.
6 (i) Show that, for m > 0 ,
Z
m
1/m
x
2
x + 1
dx =
(m1)
3
(m+ 1)
2m
2
+ lnm.
(ii) Show by means of a substitution that
Z
m
1/m
1
x
n
(x + 1)
dx =
Z
m
1/m
u
n1
u + 1
du.
(iii) Evaluate:
(a)
Z
2
1/2
x
5
+ 3
x
3
(x + 1)
dx ;
(b)
Z
2
1
x
5
+x
3
+ 1
x
3
(x + 1)
dx .
7 Show that, for any integer m,
Z
2
0
e
x
cos mxdx =
1
m
2
+ 1
e
2
1
.
(i) Expand cos(A+B) + cos(AB). Hence show that
Z
2
0
e
x
cos xcos 6xdx =
19
650
e
2
1
.
(ii) Evaluate
Z
2
0
e
x
sin2xsin4xcos xdx.
8 (i) The equation of the circle C is
(x 2t)
2
+ (y t)
2
= t
2
,
where t is a positive number. Show that C touches the line y = 0 .
Let be the acute angle between the x-axis and the line joining the origin to the centre
of C. Show that tan 2 =
4
3
and deduce that C touches the line 3y = 4x.
(ii) Find the equation of the incircle of the triangle formed by the lines y = 0, 3y = 4x and
4y + 3x = 15 .
Note: The incircle of a triangle is the circle, lying totally inside the triangle, that
touches all three sides.
1 Two curves have equations x
4
+ y
4
= u and xy = v , where u and v are positive constants.
State the equations of the lines of symmetry of each curve.
The curves intersect at the distinct points A, B, C and D (taken anticlockwise from A).
The coordinates of A are (, ), where > > 0. Write down, in terms of and , the
coordinates of B, C and D.
Show that the quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle and nd its area in terms of u and v only.
Verify that, for the case u = 81 and v = 4, the area is 14.
2 The curve C has equation
y = a
sin(e
x
)
,
where a > 1.
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary points on C.
(ii) Use the approximations e
t
1+t and sin t t (both valid for small values of t) to show
that
y 1 xln a
for small values of x.
(iii) Sketch C.
(iv) By approximating C by means of straight lines joining consecutive stationary points,
show that the area between C and the x-axis between the kth and (k +1)th maxima is
approximately
a
2
+ 1
2a
ln
1 +
k
3
4
)
1
.
Mathematics II 2009
3 Prove that
tan
1
4

1
2
x
sec x tan x. ()
(i) Use () to nd the value of tan
1
8
. Hence show that
tan
11
24
=
3 +
2 1
6 + 1
.
(ii) Show that
3 +
2 1
6 + 1
= 2 +
2 +
3 +
6 .
(iii) Use () to show that
tan
1
48
=
q
16 + 10
2 + 8
3 + 6
6 2
6 .
4 The polynomial p(x) is of degree 9 and p(x) 1 is exactly divisible by (x 1)
5
.
(i) Find the value of p(1).
(ii) Show that p
(x) is exactly divisible by (x 1)

4
.
(iii) Given also that p(x) + 1 is exactly divisible by (x + 1)
5
, nd p(x).
5 Expand and simplify (
x 1 + 1)
2
.
(i) Evaluate
Z
10
5
p
x + 2
x 1 +
p
x 2
x 1
x 1
dx .
(ii) Find the total area between the curve
y =
p
x 2
x 1
x 1
and the x-axis between the points x =
5
4
and x = 10.
(iii) Evaluate
Z
10
5
4
p
x + 2
x 1 +
p
x 2
x + 1 + 2
x
2
1
dx .
6 The Fibonacci sequence F
1
, F
2
, F
3
, . . . is dened by F
1
= 1, F
2
= 1 and
F
n+1
= F
n
+F
n1
(n > 2).
Write down the values of F
3
, F
4
, . . ., F
10
.
Let S =
X
i=1
1
F
i
.
(i) Show that
1
F
i
>
1
2F
i1
for i > 4 and deduce that S > 3 .
Show also that S < 3
2
3
.
(ii) Show further that 3.2 < S < 3.5 .
7 Let y = (x a)
n
e
bx
1 +x
2
, where n and a are constants and b is a non-zero constant. Show
that
dy
dx
=
(x a)
n1
e
bx
q(x)
1 +x
2
,
where q(x) is a cubic polynomial.
Using this result, determine:
(i)
Z
(x 4)
14
e
4x
(4x
3
1)
1 +x
2
dx;
(ii)
Z
(x 1)
21
e
12x
(12x
4
x
2
11)
1 +x
2
dx;
(iii)
Z
(x 2)
6
e
4x
(4x
4
+x
3
2)
1 +x
2
dx.
8 The non-collinear points A, B and C have position vectors a, b and c, respectively. The
points P and Q have position vectors p and q, respectively, given by
p = a + (1 )b and q = a + (1 )c
where 0 < < 1 and > 1. Draw a diagram showing A, B, C, P and Q.
Given that CQBP = ABAC, nd in terms of , and show that, for all values of , the
the line PQ passes through the xed point D, with position vector d given by d = a +b +c .
What can be said about the quadrilateral ABDC?
UCLES 2010
91**4023334091*

Sixth Term Examination Papers 9465
MATHEMATICS 1 Afternoon
MONDAY 21 JUNE 2010 Time: 3 hours

Additional Materials: Answer Paper
Formulae Booklet

Candidates may not use a calculator

Please read this page carefully, but do not open this question paper until you are
told that you may do so.

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces on the answer
booklet.




You are advised to concentrate on no more than six questions. Little credit will be given
for fragmentary answers.

You are provided with a Mathematical Formulae Booklet.

Calculators are not permitted.


_____________________________________________________________________________

[Turn over
j
g
g
Q
Q

1 Given that
5x
2
+ 2y
2
6xy + 4x 4y a (x y + 2)
2
+ b (cx + y)
2
+ d ,
nd the values of the constants a, b, c and d.
Solve the simultaneous equations
5x
2
+ 2y
2
6xy + 4x 4y = 9 ,
6x
2
+ 3y
2
8xy + 8x 8y = 14 .
2 The curve y =
x a
x b
e
x
, where a and b are constants, has two stationary points. Show that
a b < 0 or a b > 4 .
(i) Show that, in the case a = 0 and b =
1
2
, there is one stationary point on either side of
the curves vertical asymptote, and sketch the curve.
(ii) Sketch the curve in the case a =
9
2
and b = 0 .
3 Show that
sin(x + y) sin(x y) = 2 cos x siny
and deduce that
sin Asin B = 2 cos
1
2
(A + B) sin
1
2
(AB) .
Show also that
cos Acos B = 2 sin
1
2
(A + B) sin
1
2
(AB) .
The points P, Q, R and S have coordinates (a cos p, b sinp), (a cos q, b sin q), (a cos r, b sin r)
and (a cos s, b sin s) respectively, where 0 6 p < q < r < s < 2, and a and b are positive.
Given that neither of the lines PQ and SR is vertical, show that these lines are parallel if and
only if
r + s p q = 2 .
2
2
9465 Jun10
4 Use the substitution x =
1
t
2
1
, where t > 1, to show that, for x > 0,
Z
1
p
x(x + 1)
dx = 2 ln
x +
x + 1

+ c .
[Note: You may use without proof the result
Z
1
t
2
a
2
dt =
1
2a
ln
t a
t + a
+ constant. ]
The section of the curve
y =
1
x

1
x + 1
between x =
1
8
and x =
9
16
is rotated through 360
o
about the x-axis. Show that the volume
enclosed is 2 ln
5
4
.
5 By considering the expansion of (1 + x)
n
where n is a positive integer, or otherwise, show
that:
(i)
n
0
n
1
n
2
+ +
n
n
= 2
n
;
(ii)
n
1
+ 2
n
2
+ 3
n
3
+ + n
n
n
= n2
n1
;
(iii)
n
0
+
1
2
n
1
+
1
3
n
2
+ +
1
n + 1
n
n
=
1
n + 1
2
n+1
1
;
(iv)
n
1
+ 2
2
n
2
+ 3
2
n
3
+ + n
2
n
n
= n(n + 1) 2
n2
.
6 Show that, if y = e
x
, then
(x 1)
d
2
y
dx
2
x
dy
dx
+ y = 0 . ()
In order to nd other solutions of this dierential equation, now let y = ue
x
, where u is a
function of x. By substituting this into (), show that
(x 1)
d
2
u
dx
2
+ (x 2)
du
dx
= 0 . ()
By setting
du
dx
= v in () and solving the resulting rst order dierential equation for v,
nd u in terms of x. Hence show that y = Ax + Be
x
satises (), where A and B are any
constants.
3
3
9465 Jun10
[Turn over
7 Relative to a xed origin O, the points A and B have position vectors a and b, respectively.
(The points O, A and B are not collinear.) The point C has position vector c given by
c = a +b,
where and are positive constants with + < 1 . The lines OA and BC meet at the
point P with position vector p and the lines OB and AC meet at the point Q with position
vector q. Show that
p =
a
1
,
and write down q in terms of , and b.
Show further that the point R with position vector r given by
r =
a +b
+
,
lies on the lines OC and AB.
The lines OB and PR intersect at the point S. Prove that
OQ
BQ
=
OS
BS
.
8 (i) Suppose that a, b and c are integers that satisfy the equation
a
3
+ 3b
3
= 9c
3
.
Explain why a must be divisible by 3, and show further that both b and c must also be
divisible by 3. Hence show that the only integer solution is a = b = c = 0 .
(ii) Suppose that p, q and r are integers that satisfy the equation
p
4
+ 2q
4
= 5r
4
.
By considering the possible nal digit of each term, or otherwise, show that p and q are
divisible by 5. Hence show that the only integer solution is p = q = r = 0 .
4
4
9465 Jun10
UCLES 2010
91**4023334091*

MATHEMATICS 2 Morning
Wednesday 23 JUNE 2010 Time: 3 hours

Additional Materials: Answer Paper
Formulae Booklet

Candidates may not use a calculator


booklet.








_____________________________________________________________________________

[Turn over
g
]
g
g
g
j
Q

1 Let P be a given point on a given curve C. The osculating circle to C at P is dened to be
the circle that satises the following two conditions at P: it touches C; and the rate of change
of its gradient is equal to the rate of change of the gradient of C.
Find the centre and radius of the osculating circle to the curve y = 1 x +tan x at the point
on the curve with x-coordinate
1
4
.
2 Prove that
cos 3x = 4 cos
3
x 3 cos x.
Find and prove a similar result for sin 3x in terms of sinx.
(i) Let
I() =
Z

0
7 sin x 8 sin
3
x
dx.
Show that
I() =
8
3
c
3
+ c +
5
3
,
where c = cos . Write down one value of c for which I() = 0.
(ii) Useless Eustace believes that
Z
sin
n
xdx =
sin
n+1
x
n + 1
for n = 1, 2, 3, . . . . Show that Eustace would obtain the correct value of I() , where
cos =
1
6
.
Find all values of for which he would obtain the correct value of I().
3 The rst four terms of a sequence are given by F
0
= 0, F
1
= 1, F
2
= 1 and F
3
= 2. The
general term is given by
F
n
= a
n
+ b
n
, ()
where a, b, and are independent of n, and a is positive.
(i) Show that
2
+ +
2
= 2, and nd the values of , , a and b.
(ii) Use () to evaluate F
6
.
(iii) Evaluate
X
n=0
F
n
2
n+1
.
2
2
9470 Jun10
4 (i) Let
I =
Z
a
0
f(x)
f(x) + f(a x)
dx.
Use a substitution to show that
I =
Z
a
0
f(a x)
f(x) + f(a x)
dx
and hence evaluate I in terms of a.
Use this result to evaluate the integrals
Z
1
0
ln(x + 1)
ln(2 +x x
2
)
dx and
Z
2
0
sin x
sin(x +

4
)
dx.
(ii) Evaluate
Z
2
1
2
sin x
x
sin x + sin
1
x
dx.
5 The points A and B have position vectors i +j +k and 5i j k, respectively, relative to the
origin O. Find cos 2, where 2 is the angle \AOB.
(i) The line L
1
has equation r = (mi +nj +pk). Given that L
1
is inclined equally to OA
and to OB, determine a relationship between m, n and p. Find also values of m, n and
p for which L
1
is the angle bisector of \AOB.
(ii) The line L
2
has equation r = (ui +vj +wk). Given that L
2
is inclined at an angle
to OA, where 2 = \AOB, determine a relationship between u, v and w.
Hence describe the surface with Cartesian equation x
2
+y
2
+z
2
= 2(yz +zx +xy).
6 Each edge of the tetrahedron ABCD has unit length. The face ABC is horizontal, and P is
the point in ABC that is vertically below D.
(i) Find the length of PD.
(ii) Show that the cosine of the angle between adjacent faces of the tetrahedron is 1/3.
(iii) Find the radius of the largest sphere that can t inside the tetrahedron.
3
3
9470 Jun10
[Turn over
7 (i) By considering the positions of its turning points, show that the curve with equation
y = x
3
3qx q(1 + q) ,
where q > 0 and q = 1, crosses the x-axis once only.
(ii) Given that x satises the cubic equation
x
3
3qx q(1 + q) = 0 ,
and that
x = u + q/u,
obtain a quadratic equation satised by u
3
. Hence nd the real root of the cubic equation
in the case q > 0, q = 1.
(iii) The quadratic equation
t
2
pt + q = 0
has roots and . Show that
3
+
3
= p
3
3qp .
It is given that one of these roots is the square of the other. By considering the expression
(
2
)(
2
), nd a relationship between p and q. Given further that q > 0, q = 1
and p is real, determine the value of p in terms of q.
8 The curves C
1
and C
2
are dened by
y = e
x
(x > 0) and y = e
x
sinx (x > 0),
respectively. Sketch roughly C
1
and C
2
on the same diagram.
Let x
n
denote the x-coordinate of the nth point of contact between the two curves, where
0 < x
1
< x
2
< , and let A
n
denote the area of the region enclosed by the two curves
between x
n
and x
n+1
. Show that
A
n
=
1
2
(e
2
1)e
(4n+1)/2
and hence nd
X
n=1
A
n
.
4
4
9470 Jun10
UCLES 2011
91**4023334091*

MATHEMATICS 1 Morning
FRIDAY 24 JUNE 2011 Time: 3 hours

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet
Formulae Booklet


booklet.


Write the numbers of the questions you answer in the order attempted on the front of the
answer booklet.


All questions attempted will be marked.

Your final mark will be based on the six questions for which you gain the highest marks.





_____________________________________________________________________________

[Turn over
2
1 (i) Show that the gradient of the curve
a
x
+
b
y
= 1, where b = 0, is
ay
2
bx
2
.
The point (p, q) lies on both the straight line ax + by = 1 and the curve
a
x
+
b
y
= 1 ,
where ab = 0. Given that, at this point, the line and the curve have the same gradient,
show that p = q .
Show further that either (a b)
2
= 1 or (a + b)
2
= 1 .
(ii) Show that if the straight line ax + by = 1, where ab = 0, is a normal to the curve
a
x

b
y
= 1, then a
2
b
2
=
1
2
.
2 The number E is dened by E =
1
0
e
x
1 + x
dx.
Show that
1
0
xe
x
1 + x
dx = e 1 E ,
and evaluate
1
0
x
2
e
x
1 + x
dx in terms of e and E.
Evaluate also, in terms of E and e as appropriate:
(i)
1
0
e
1x
1+x
1 + x
dx;
(ii)

2
1
e
x
2
x
dx.
2
9465 Jun11
3
3 Prove the identity
4 sin sin(
1
3
) sin(
1
3
+) = sin 3 . ()
(i) By dierentiating (), or otherwise, show that
cot
1
9
cot
2
9
+ cot
4
9
=
3 .
(ii) By setting =
1
6
in (), or otherwise, obtain a similar identity for cos 3 and deduce
that
cot cot(
1
3
) cot(
1
3
+) = cot 3 .
Show that
cosec
1
9
cosec
5
9
+ cosec
7
9
= 2
3 .
4 The distinct points P and Q, with coordinates (ap
2
, 2ap) and (aq
2
, 2aq) respectively, lie on
the curve y
2
= 4ax. The tangents to the curve at P and Q meet at the point T. Show that
T has coordinates
apq, a(p + q)
. You may assume that p = 0 and q = 0.

The point F has coordinates (a, 0) and is the angle TFP. Show that
cos =
pq + 1
(p
2
+ 1)(q
2
+ 1)
and deduce that the line FT bisects the angle PFQ.
5 Given that 0 < k < 1, show with the help of a sketch that the equation
sin x = kx ()
has a unique solution in the range 0 < x < .
Let
I =
sin x kx
dx.
Show that
I =

2
sin
2
2 cos sin ,
where is the unique solution of ().
Show that I, regarded as a function of , has a unique stationary value and that this stationary
value is a minimum. Deduce that the smallest value of I is
2 cos

2
.
3
9465 Jun11
[Turn over
4
6 Use the binomial expansion to show that the coecient of x
r
in the expansion of (1 x)
3
is
1
2
(r + 1)(r + 2) .
(i) Show that the coecient of x
r
in the expansion of
1 x + 2x
2
(1 x)
3
is r
2
+ 1 and hence nd the sum of the series
1 +
2
2
+
5
4
+
10
8
+
17
16
+
26
32
+
37
64
+
50
128
+ .
(ii) Find the sum of the series
1 + 2 +
9
4
+ 2 +
25
16
+
9
8
+
49
64
+ .
7 In this question, you may assume that ln(1 + x) x
1
2
x
2
when |x| is small.
The height of the water in a tank at time t is h. The initial height of the water is H and water
ows into the tank at a constant rate. The cross-sectional area of the tank is constant.
(i) Suppose that water leaks out at a rate proportional to the height of the water in the
tank, and that when the height reaches
2
H, where is a constant greater than 1, the
height remains constant. Show that
dh
dt
= k(
2
H h) ,
for some positive constant k. Deduce that the time T taken for the water to reach height
H is given by
kT = ln
1 +
1
,
and that kT
1
for large values of .
(ii) Suppose that the rate at which water leaks out of the tank is proportional to
h (instead
of h), and that when the height reaches
2
H, where is a constant greater than 1, the
height remains constant. Show that the time T
taken for the water to reach height H

is given by
cT
= 2
+ln
1 +
1
for some positive constant c, and that cT
H for large values of .

4
9465 Jun11
5
8 (i) The numbers m and n satisfy
m
3
= n
3
+ n
2
+ 1 . ()
(a) Show that m > n. Show also that m < n + 1 if and only if 2n
2
+ 3n > 0 . Deduce
that n < m < n + 1 unless
3
2
n 0 .
(b) Hence show that the only solutions of () for which both m and n are integers are
(m, n) = (1, 0) and (m, n) = (1, 1).
(ii) Find all integer solutions of the equation
p
3
= q
3
+ 2q
2
1 .
5
9465 Jun11
[Turn over
UCLES 2011
91**4023334091*

MATHEMATICS 2 Afternoon
MONDAY 20 JUNE 2011 Time: 3 hours

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet
Formulae Booklet


booklet.


Write the numbers of the questions you answer in the order attempted on the front of the
answer booklet.


All questions attempted will be marked.

Your final mark will be based on the six questions for which you gain the highest marks.





_____________________________________________________________________________

[Turn over
2
1 (i) Sketch the curve y =
1 x +
3 + x .
Use your sketch to show that only one real value of x satises
1 x +
3 + x = x + 1 ,
and give this value.
(ii) Determine graphically the number of real values of x that satisfy
2
1 x =
3 + x +
3 x .
Solve this equation.
2 Write down the cubes of the integers 1, 2, . . . , 10 .
The positive integers x, y and z, where x < y, satisfy
x
3
+ y
3
= kz
3
, ()
where k is a given positive integer.
(i) In the case x + y = k, show that
z
3
= k
2
3kx + 3x
2
.
Deduce that (4z
3
k
2
)/3 is a perfect square and that
1
4
k
2
z
3
< k
2
.
Use these results to nd a solution of () when k = 20.
(ii) By considering the case x + y = z
2
, nd two solutions of () when k = 19.
2
9470 Jun11
3
3 In this question, you may assume without proof that any function f for which f
(x) 0 is
increasing; that is, f(x
2
) f(x
1
) if x
2
x
1
.
(i) (a) Let f(x) = sin x xcos x. Show that f(x) is increasing for 0 x
1
2
and deduce
that f(x) 0 for 0 x
1
2
.
(b) Given that
d
dx
(arcsin x) 1 for 0 x < 1, show that
arcsin x x (0 x < 1).
(c) Let g(x) = xcosec x for 0 < x <
1
2
. Show that g is increasing and deduce that
(arcsin x) x
1
xcosec x (0 < x < 1).
(ii) Given that
d
dx
(arctan x) 1 for x 0, show by considering the function x
1
tan x that
(tan x)(arctanx) x
2
(0 < x <
1
2
).
4 (i) Find all the values of , in the range 0
< < 180
, for which cos = sin 4. Hence

show that
sin 18
=
1
4
5 1
.
(ii) Given that
4 sin
2
x + 1 = 4 sin
2
2x,
nd all possible values of sinx, giving your answers in the form p + q
5 where p and q
are rational numbers.
(iii) Hence nd two values of with 0
< < 90
for which
sin
2
3 + sin
2
5 = sin
2
6.
3
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[Turn over
4
5 The points A and B have position vectors a and b with respect to an origin O, and O, A and B
are non-collinear. The point C, with position vector c, is the reection of B in the line through
O and A. Show that c can be written in the form
c = a b
where =
2 a.b
a.a
.
The point D, with position vector d, is the reection of C in the line through O and B. Show
that d can be written in the form
d = b a
for some scalar to be determined.
Given that A, B and D are collinear, nd the relationship between and . In the case
=
1
2
, determine the cosine of AOB and describe the relative positions of A, B and D.
6 For any given function f, let
I =
[f
(x)]
2
[f(x)]
n
dx, ()
where n is a positive integer. Show that, if f(x) satises f
(x) = kf(x)f
(x) for some constant

k, then () can be integrated to obtain an expression for I in terms of f(x), f
(x), k and n.
(i) Verify your result in the case f(x) = tan x. Hence nd
sin
4
x
cos
8
x
dx .
(ii) Find
sec
2
x(sec x + tan x)
6
dx .
4
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5
7 The two sequences a
0
, a
1
, a
2
, . . . and b
0
, b
1
, b
2
, . . . have general terms
a
n
=
n
+
n
and b
n
=
n
n
,
respectively, where = 1 +
2 and = 1
2 .
(i) Show that
n
r=0
b
r
=
2 +
1
2
a
n+1
, and give a corresponding result for
n
r=0
a
r
.
(ii) Show that, if n is odd,
2n
m=0
r=0
a
r
=
1
2
b
2
n+1
,
and give a corresponding result when n is even.
(iii) Show that, if n is even,
r=0
a
r
r=0
a
2r+1
= 2 ,
and give a corresponding result when n is odd.
5
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6
8 The end A of an inextensible string AB of length is attached to a point on the circumference
of a xed circle of unit radius and centre O. Initially the string is straight and tangent to the
circle. The string is then wrapped round the circle until the end B comes into contact with
the circle. The string remains taut during the motion, so that a section of the string is in
contact with the circumference and the remaining section is straight.
Taking O to be the origin of cartesian coordinates with A at (1, 0) and B initially at (1, ),
show that the curve described by B is given parametrically by
x = cos t +t sin t , y = sin t t cos t ,
where t is the angle shown in the diagram.
A
B
y
x
t
O
Find the value, t
0
, of t for which x takes its maximum value on the curve, and sketch the
curve.
Use the area integral
y
dx
dt
dt to nd the area between the curve and the x axis for t t
0
.
Find the area swept out by the string (that is, the area between the curve described by B and
the semicircle shown in the diagram).
6
9470 Jun11

STEP I and II - Pure Mathematics - 2004-2011

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This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

for |x| 6 1. Then Chebyshevs theorem states that M > 2

and nd expressions for h

), . . . in lho cailosian plano is gonoialoo Ly lisl choosing

) lhon applying lho iulo, foi n = 1, 2, . . .,

) foi which lho soquonco is

in lho soiios oxpansion, in asconoing powois of r, of

(1 r) 4,27 foi all r 0 .

< 00. Show also lhal

2 . Uso lhis iosull lo ooloinino which of lho aLovo inlogials is gioaloi.

, whoio n is a funclion of r, lno lho solulion of lho oqualion

foi which j = 1 whon r = 0.

foi which j = 1 whon r = 0.

foi which j = 1 whon r = 0, whoio n is an inlogoi gioaloi lhan 1.

(x) is exactly divisible by (x 1)

. You may assume that p = 0 and q = 0.

taken for the water to reach height H

for some positive constant c, and that cT

H for large values of .

< < 180

, for which cos = sin 4. Hence

(x) for some constant

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