Quiz 5 1. What increases particle load in river or stream?

a) Large watershed area b) Shallow slopes c) Presence of erodable rock or sediments d) A and C e) B and C 2. Rivers with the highest concentrations of dissolved minerals usually drain watersheds dominated by which rock type? a) Granite b) Carbonate c) Volcanic d) None have large amounts of dissolved ions e) All large amounts of dissolved ions 3. Which is not a source of energy and carbon to stream food webs? a) algae b) dissolved organic matter c) particulate organic matter d) None of the above are food sources e) All of the above are food sources 4. Based on the River Continuum Concept where do filter feeders dominate? a) Upper river b) Middle river c) Lower river d) The whole river e) Lakes 5. In nutrient spiraling within streams, when water flow is slow and biological activity is high it means that the rate of recycling is _________ and the distance between spiral loops is__________. a) fast, long b) fast, short c) slow, long d) slow, short e) cannot be determined 6. Which of the following are typically conservative major cations for lakes? a) Ca++ b) Na+ c) K+ d) Mg++ e) All of the above

7. What causes water to appear light brown? a) Low dissolved organic carbon b) High dissolved organic carbon c) Low amount of algal biomass d) High amount of algal biomass e) Water absorbs all the other wavelengths 8. What material limits primary production over the long term in most lakes? a) Nitrogen b) Phosphorus c) Carbon dioxide d) Iron e) Molybdenum 9. Which trophic level in a food web always experiences the greatest flow of energy through it? a) Primary producers b) primary consumers c) secondary consumers d) tertiary consumers e) It depends on the food web 10. The tendency for certain contaminants to become more concentrated in organisms that feed at higher trophic levels is called a) The second law of thermodynamics b) The conservation of energy c) Biomagnification d) A trophic cascade e) None of the Above 11. The expectation that more productive ecosystems should have more trophic levels is based on a) Recipient or top-down control b) Donor or bottom up control c) The second law of thermodynamics d) The conservation of energy and matter e) None of the Above 12. Which of the options below is among the factors that make trophic cascades more likely to occur? a) Large, difficult to ingest plants b) Specialized herbivory c) Herbivores vulnerable to predation d) All of the Above e) None of the Above

13. At the oceans pH, what form is inorganic carbon most likely to be found in? a) CO2 b) HCO3c) CO3-2 d) H2CO3 e) None of the Above 14. What causes the seasonal and latitudinal patterns of phytoplankton productivity? a) Nutrient limitation b) light limitation c) physical structure d) All of the Above e) None of the Above 15. Why is N limiting in the ocean? a) Denitrification in the ocean b) Denitrification in streams and lakes c) High N fixation d) A and B e) All of the Above 16. Some ways that seawater and freshwater differ is that seawater a) has a high pH b) has high ionic content c) has low nutrients d) has low organic matter e) All of the Above 17. Fe limitation of primary production tends to occur where the main source of nutrients is a) Upwelling of deep water b) Dust c) River water d) Scientists e) None of the Above