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Colligative Properties The Effect Kind of Solution to the Boiling Point Alis Rahmawati / 113194213 Alis Rahmawati1, Anisah2, Syifa Salima3 International Chemistry Education 2011, FMIPA, Unesa abstract
The research described in this paper is to know the effect kind of solution to the boiling point base from the basic theory that have learn before, The research was carried out with experimental method at Wednesday, 4thApril 2012 in Basic Chemistry Laboratory of Unesa. In this Experiment, we prepared water in the some beaker glass and then we boiled the water and measured the boiling point temperature of the water, after that we added some sugar and salt with the different mass to the beaker glass and measured the boiling point temperature of the solution. The result indicated that the boiling point of the water and the boiling point of the solution was quite different with the theory that have been learn. Finally we can conclud that the different result because of many factor that effected the boiling point like pressure, temperature, kind of solute and solvent, etc KEY WORDS : coligative properties, sugar solution, salt solution, boiling point temperature
Introduction
Background of the study Colligative Properties is one from many important subject in chemistry learning, so all of student must understand well about this material. To can understand the material, student must know the factors that include in this subject and they have to prove the theory to understand well. To do that we can through experiment method. But in this experiment, we just focus to the boiling point. Statement of the Problem The study intents to obtain answer to the following questions: 1. Prove or not that added of the sugar and salt can increase the boiling point? 2. What kind of matter that effect the boiling point of the solution? Coligative properties (or collective properties) are properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles. The properties are bond together by a common origin they all depend on the number of the number solute particles present, regradless of whether they are
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Alis Rahmawati
Tb = Tb T0b Since Tb>T0b, Tb is the posotive quantity Boiling point elevation of nonelectrolyte solution Tb m Tb = Kb m Where m is the molality of the solution and Kb is the molal boiling-point elevation constant. The unit of Kb are 0C/m. It is important to understand the choise of concentration unit here.
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Alis Rahmawati
Table 1 lists values of Kb for several common solvents. Using the boiling point elevation constant and equation, we can see taht the molality m of an aqueous solution is 1.00, the boiling point will be 100.520C Boiling Point of Electrolyte solutions The colligative properties of electrolyte require a slightly different approach than the one used for the colligative properties of nonelectolytes. The reason is that electrolytes dissociate into ions in solution, and so one unit of an electrolyte compound separates into two or more particles when it dissolve. For example, each unit of NaCl dissociates into two ions Na+ and Cl-. Thus the colligative properties of a 0.1 m of solution NaCl should be twice as great as those of a 0.1 m solution containing a nonelectrolyte, sucs as sucrose To accound for this effect we must modify the equations for colligative properties as follows Tb = iKbm The varieble i is the Vant Hoff factor, which is defined as i = actual number of particles in soln after dissociation number of formula units initially dissolved in soln thus i should be 1 for all nonelectrolyte.
Alis Rahmawati
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Result Based from our experiment we got result of the boiling point temperature were: Non electrolyte solution 1A 25 mL water and 3,42 grams of sugar was 970C 1B 25 mL water and 6,84 grams of sugar was 970C 1C 25 mL water and 10,26 grams of sugar was 970C 980C 1D 25 mL water and 13,68 grams sugar was 970C 980C Alis Rahmawati
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massC12H22O11 1 = 3.42 grams massC12H22O11 2 = 6.84 grams massC12H22O11 3 = 10.26 grams massC12H22O11 4 = 13.68 grams
mass NaCl 1 = 0.58 grams mass NaCl 2 = 1.17 grams mass NaCl 3 = 1.75 grams mass NaCl 4 = 2.35 grams
3.42 1000 . 0.4m 342 25 Tb K b m 0.520 C / m 0.4m 0.208 Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 100 C 0.208 C 100.208 C
0 0 0
6.84 1000 . 0.8m 342 25 Tb K b m 0.52 0 C / m 0.8m 0.416 0 C Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 100 0 C 0.416 0 C 100.416 0 C
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1.17 1000 . 0.8m 58.5 25 Tb K b m 0.52 0 C / m 0.8m 0.832 0 C Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 100 0 C 0.832 0 C 100.832 0 C
10.26 1000 . 1.6m 342 25 Tb K b m 0.52 0 C / m 1.6m 0.832 0 C Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 100 0 C 0.832 0 C 100.832 0 C
1.75 1000 . 1.2m 58.5 25 Tb K b m 0.52 0 C / m 1.2m 1.248 0 C Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 100 0 C 1.248 0 C 101.248 0 C
2.35 1000 . 1.61m 58.5 25 Tb K b m 0.520 C / m 1.61m 1.67 0 C Tb Tb0 Tb Tb 1000 C 1.610 C 101.67 0 C
Compare with the result from the theory, Table 1 : the different result between theory and experiment nonelectrolyte(C12H22O11)
grams
No 1A 1B 1C
base from the theory Tb0 (0C) Tb (0C) 25mL H2O 100 100.208 100 100 100,416 100,624
Alis Rahmawati
base from the theory Tb0 (0C) Tb (0C) 25mL H2O 100 100,42 100 100 100 100,832 101,248 101,67
From the theory we got result that boiling point of pure water is 1000C and the boiling point of the sugar and salt solution increase continuously depend with the mass (number of solute particles). Between non electrolyte and electrolyte solution have different result although both of them have same numbers of particles. Moreover the result between theory and the experiment are quite different, all of the boiling point of pure water and the boiling point of solution in the experiment result were below of the theory result. Result of the boiling point solution itself unconstant although it is electrolyte solution or non electrolyte solution, they didt have differences.
Discussion Boiling Point Elevation Base from the table 1, we know that the experiment result was quite different with the result from theory calculation. And between electrolyte and non electrolyte solution itself dont have different, it can to be like this because: In this experiment had a lot of mistake: 1. We cant control the variable control exactly like the fire strange from the burner so the result from the same amount of particles dont have same result. 2. When measured the temperature we must opened the cup, so the water and the solution lose their Calor. Alis Rahmawati
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Conclution
According to the theory of colligative properties, the boiling point of water is 1000C. but the result of our experiment did not show the same value because we did the experiment in low surface area that have high pressure (more than 1 atm) so the boiling point is less than the normal boiling point of water (boiling point at 1 atm). And for other solution the boiling point will decrease too. And the boiling point of electrolyte solution is higher than the non electrolyte solution. Because the electrolyte solutions have more particles than the non electrolyte solution, The Alis Rahmawati
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Refferences
Tim kimiadasar. 2012. PenuntunPraktikum Kimia DasarLanjut. Surabaya: Unesa Press Chapin, William H. 1949. Second Year College Chemistry 5th edition. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc Chang, Raymond. 2004. Kimia Dasarkonsep-konsepintiedisiketiga.Jakarta :Erlangg Sugiarto, Bambang.dkk. 2011. Basic Chemistry II handout.
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