SECRETION Secretion = Adding Fluids, EZ, Mucus to Lumen of GI Tract Places: Salivary Glands Gastric Mucosa Pancreas (Exocrine

Cells) Bile SALIVARY SECRETION Saliva: 1L/day made Secretes to Mouth : Initial Digest of Starch & Lipids (Salivary EZ); Dilution & Buffering of Ingested Foods; Lubricates Food to help move thru Esophagus

Structure of Salivary Glands (3) Parotid Glands Submandibular Glands Sublingual Glands Parotid Glands: Serous Cells Secrete aq. Fluid (composed of water, ions EZ) Submaxillary & Sublingual Glands: Mixed Glands/Have Serous & Mucous Cell Serous Cells Aqueous Fluid Mucous Cells Mucin Glycoproteins (lubricates) Each Salivary Gland: - Looks like bunch of Grapes, Single Grape = Single Acinus - Acinus: lined w/Acinar Cells Acinar Cells (+ Stimulated by Para & ) Initial Saliva (water, ions, EZ, Mucus) goes thru Short Segment intercalated Duct Thru Striated Duct (lined w/Ductal Cells) Ductal Cells (+ Stimulated by Para & ) Alters [electrolyte] Modify Initial Saliva to make Final Saliva) Myoepithelial Cells: Present in Acini & Intercalated Ducts Neural Stimulation Contracts/Ejects Saliva into Mouth

Salivary Glands: have High Blood Flow when saliva is produced SALIVA FORMATION - Saliva: Water, Electrolytes, -amylase, lingual lipase, kallikrein, mucus Compared to Plasma Hypotonic Higher K+ & HCO3+ 1st step: Form isotonic Plasma-like soln. (Acinar Cells) 2nd step: Modify Plasma-like soln. (Ductal Cells)

PICTURE: 8-12 1. Acinar Cells: Secrete Initial Saliva (Isotonic); same electrolytes & osmolarity as plasma: Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO32. Ductal Cells: Modify the Initial Saliva; Net Absorption of Na+ & Cl- Na+ & Cl- Saliva [ ] lower than Plasma

COSTANZO 344 Comeback

EFFECT OF FLOW RATE ON COMPOSITION OF SALIVA Saliva Flow Rate changeIonic Saliva Composition Change Highest Flow Rates (4mL/min) final saliva closely resembles Plasma & Initial Saliva (Acinar Cells) Lowest Flow Rates (<1mL/min) Final Saliva Most dissimilar to plasma (lower Na+ & Cl- [ ] & Higher K+[ ]

REGULATE SALIVA SECRETION 1. Saliva Secretion: Neural Control (ANS) Vs. GI Secretion: BOTH Neural & Hormone Control 2. Saliva Secretion: (b/c Both Para & stimulation) Saliva; HCO3-; EZ secreted; Myoepithelial Cell Contraction

FIND PICTURES

Para Innervation: CN 7 (facial) inputs to salivary glands CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal) inputs to salivary glands Postganglionic Para neurons Release ACh Muscarinic Receptors (Acinar & Ductal Cells) Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate (IP3) Ca2+] Saliva Secretion Food, Smell, Nausea, Conditioned Reflexes Para activity Fear, Sleep, Dehydration Para activity Innervation: T1- T3 Preganglionic Nerves (input to salivary glands) Synapse in Superior Cervical Ganglion Postganglionic Neurons Release NE -adrenergic Receptors (Acinar & Ductal Cells) Stimulates adenylyl cyclase cAMP Saliva Secretion

 also stimulates -adrenergic Receptors (Acinar Cells) (But -adrenergic receptors more important)

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