Listening

1.
lecture neuron
bioelectricity

glial cells

open up
biology glial cell neuron
nervecell electrical communication
glial cell help the growth of neurons
() glial cell neuron glial cell
glialcell

glial cell electricalsignal chemical conductor chemical

communication glial cell nervecell
glial cell intelligent glial cell

Glial cell isthought to help the growth of neurons. However, scientists accidentallydiscover that
glials amount is much more than the neuron. So glial attractpeoples attention. They use chemical
conductor to communicate with others. Soglial to neuron, g to n, g to g, n to n are all available. In
the past glialwas thought to support nerve cell.
Glial cells ()and Neurons
Glial cells,commonly called neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cellsthat provide support and
nutrition, maintain homeostasis,form myelin,and participate in signal transmission in the
nervoussystem. In the human brain, glia are estimated to outnumberneurons by about 10 to 1.[1]
Glial cellsprovide support and protection for neurons, the other main type of cell in the central
nervoussystem. They are thus known as the "glue" of the nervous system. The four main
functions ofglial cells are to surround neurons and hold them in place , to supply nutrientsand
oxygento neurons , to insulate one neuron from another , and to destroy pathogensand
remove dead neurons N.
Glia wasdiscovered in 1856by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow in his search for a 'connectivetissue'
in the brain .The human brain contains about ten timesmore glial cells than
neurons. [1]Following its discovery in the late 19th century, this fact underwentsignificant media
distortion, emerging as the famous myth claiming that"we are using only 10% of our brain". The

role of glial cells asmanagers of communications in the synapse gap,thus modifying learning
pace, has been discovered only very recently
In addition toneurons, the nervous system is populated with another category of cells, glialcells.
Glial cells are approximately 10 times more plentiful than neurons, butsince they are approximately
one-tenth the size, they take up equal size, gliais a Greek term meaning glue, researches originally
believed that glial cellsserved as the putty that held the neurons together, recent research
indicatesthat these cells provide very important contributions.
a neuron is thefunctioning unit of the nervous system, specialized to receive, integrate, andtransmit
information, the flow of information moves in the following direction.
2. ID Problem
student id& meal card& key . dorm
studentservice id card staff id card
dirvinglicense passport
wallet id card passport dorm id carddorm
(, passport?) dorm email
staff staff passport
number number OK,,
.MM , who cares! MM : meal card .: ID
meal card. MM :!:if you have some
otherproblems, I am glad to help you. MM, you help!() , MM
?(:1.MM . 2.MM
.)
3.
literature 18-19 (Romanticism) Wardsworth

Romanticism romance
Romanticism commonpeople educated people simple language

romanticism
neoclassicism romanticism neoclassicism
elaboration sky sky blue bird bird feathered
person(
)

wordsworth, as we have said, is the chiefrepresentative of some of the most important

principles in the romantic movement, but he is far more a memberof any movement, through
his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatestspiritual ideals he belongs among the five or
six greatest English poets.

first, he isthe profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. his feeling for nature hastwo aspects. he
is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminatingway than any of his predecessors, to all
the external beauty and glory ofnature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields,
streams andflowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. a wonderful joyous andintimate sympathy
with them is one of his controlling impulses.
In the second place, wordswoth is the most consistentof all the great English poets of democracy,
though here as elsewhere hisinterest is mainly not in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things.
the obstinacy andthese poems are only the most conspicuous result of w's chief
temperamentaldefect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. regarding himselfas the
prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted thepossibility of error in his own
point of view and was never able to stand asidefrom his poetry and criticize it dispassionately.
4. bird migration
bird migration
( resource easy)
paper

Aristotle
paper summarization,,
old theory, theory bird
migrate at night
( topic change the topic
from ancient torecent)
15

People think small birds do not migrate.But birds migrate at night and the small birds are under the
wing of big wings.So they are invisible to people. Then the student wants to write a bird thatnot
migrate but hibernate, but the teacher denies his idea. At last, theteacher hopes that he can come a
week later and see his new topic.
He cannot find sufficient material for the bird migration. But the teacher thinks itis impossible. They
he wants to write some ideas fromAristotle. But the teachersays that her request is to apply their
knowledge to accomplish the paper. Sohe should change the topic.

5. Ragtime music
Ragtime ragtime
(spiritof youth) piano
like Rock & Roll
I just don't get it explain
piano
symbol of wealth and status
public concert or restaurant piano ragtime music
rhythm

 park ( )because of
transportationproblem
jazz
regtime jazz
Ragtime (1890-1915 )
Ragtime is an Americanmusical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1899 and 1918. It
hashad several periods of revival since then and is still being composed today.Ragtime was the first
truly American musical genre, predating jazz. It began as dance musicin popular music settings
years before being published as popular sheet musicfor piano. Being a modification of the then
popular march,it was usually written in 2/4 or 4/4 time(meter) with a predominant left hand pattern
of bass notes on odd-numberedbeats and chords on even-numbered beats accompanying a
syncopatedmelody in the right hand. A composition in this style is called a"rag". A rag written in 3/4
time is a "ragtime waltz".
Ragtime is not a"time" (meter) in the same sense that march time is 2/4meter and waltz time is 3/4
meter; it is rather a musical genre that uses aneffect that can be applied to any meter. The defining
characteristic of ragtimemusic is a specific type of syncopation in which melodicaccents fall
between metrical beats. This results in a melody that seems to beavoiding some metrical beats of the
accompaniment by emphasizing notes thateither anticipate or follow the beat. The ultimate (and
intended) effect on thelistener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby inducing the listener tomove
to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer/pianist known as the"King of Ragtime", called the effect
"weird andintoxicating". He also used the term "swing" in describing howto play ragtime music:
"Play slowly until you catch the swing...".[1]The name swing later came to be applied to an
earlygenre of jazz that developed from ragtime. Converting a non-ragtime piece ofmusic into
ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as"ragging" the piece. Original
ragtime pieces usually contain severaldistinct themes, four being the most common number.
6. Rafflesia
species genus order
classification
flower Rafflesia()
Indonesia M flower

order ,
(:?)
, insect ,,
(:?)?
violet()willow() order
violet smell
coherent
DNA DNA
DNA


fly Small
incident
7.
The student iscomplaining the noise and dust made by the construction out of the librarysince they
have to take some classes during this summer break. The housingofficer says that she cannot help
this situation, she cannot change theschedule of the construction as the man suggests, since the
construction isdecided by a special committee and funded several months ago. Then the
mansuggests the construction team to move to another side of the building. But itis too difficult to
move anything. Later the officer suggests that maybe theycan apply for another dormitory, but she
needs contact with housing first.
Questions:
1>Why the mango to the office?
2>What can beinferred from what the woman talks?
8.
decaffeinated,
gas XXdecaffeinate
crystalize

Questions
1>Main topic
2>What is thetheory the process uses
3>Describe theprocess in the order of happening

9.
Size of populationand the rank of the city

10. 4M
4M
money media market message)
market

media TV
EG teach
teach ~ money

 message soup
11. 16
16th

12.
male female

~~
leader

13.

14.
1

15.
2 3

16.
4

17.
1
paper presentation

18.
2 ,

19.
3 ice slip
10.
4 quill