Rachel Frankenfield World History May 17, 2012

World Exploration Study Guide

Quizlet Set: http://quizlet.com/5717892/age-of-exploration-flash-cards/ Vocab Term/ Significant Figure Africa/Muslim Slave Trade Amerigo Vespucci Definition/Significance The Muslims trade system of African slaves. A navigator from Florence who, between 1497 and 1503, took part in several Spanish and Portuguese expeditions across the Atlantic. He was convinced that the land he saw was not Asia, but a New World. The land was called America. Created a powerful state in the Valley of Mexico. Political Structure: Capital City: Tenochitlan Religion/Reason for Sacrificing Humans: Aztecs believed they had to sacrifice humans to give the sun energy to rise every day, and that sacrifice was necessary for the continuation of life. Crossed the equator, proving that the ocean did not boil. Reached the tip of Africa, but instead of continuing to India as planned, turned back and went home because of a storm. Named the Cape the Cape of Good Storms, but the King overruled this and renamed it the Cape of Good Hope later. This explorer first saw the mainland of Brazil and claimed it for Portugal while sailing to set up trading posts in India An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river as far as Montreal Spanish explorer who "discovered" islands in the Caribbean, Cuba, San Salvador, and Haiti. Wanted an alterna trade route to Asia... sea travel was preferrable because Ottoman Taxes were avoided.

Aztecs

Bartholomew Dias (Bartolomeu Dias)

Cabral Capitalism

Cartier Christopher Columbus

 Sailed west across the Atlantic to find a new way to Asia, funded by Spain. Found the Americas instead of Asia. Columbian Exchange Commercial Revolution Conquistadors Cortes & Conquest of Aztecs The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. This was the period of economic and political expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism that occurred in Europe and America. Spanish explorers who followed Cortes. Hernando Cortes wanted more gold than the Aztecs had given him as a gift upon arrival, so he killed people to get more. People believed he was Quetzelcotl, one of their major gods, and that obeying him was the only way to be spared. Cortes also destroyed the Aztec's idols. Economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River and the Hudson Bay. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. The son of Portugal's king. His exploration began in 1415 and helped conquered the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa. Encountered a large supply of gold, silver, and jewels. Native American people, created a powerful state in Western South America in the 15th-16th centuries. Ruler=Pachacuti, took the throne in 1438 and led the Incans to conquer Peru. Capital City: Located in the area where it is now Peru. Military Achievements: Allowed captured nations to practice their own beliefs after conquering them, if they were loyal to the Incans. Offered the captives the opportunity to surrender, but even when they used brute force they allowed captured nations the same liberties. First permanent English settlement in North America A company whose capital is owned in shares by stockholders, any one of whom can sell some or all of his shares without the consent of the others War between the Native American tribes of New

Favorable Balance of Trade Ferdinand Magellan Henry Hudson

Henry The Navigator

Incas

Jamestown Joint-Stock Company King Phillips War

La Salle Line of Demarcation Mercantilism

Metacom Middle Passage Pizarro & Conquest of Incas Plymouth Puritans Prince Henry

Quipu Quetezalcoatl Slavery

England and British colonists that took place from 16751676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip (Metacom) lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England. French explorer who sailed from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River and claimed the western United States for France. Pope Alexanders idea for keeping peace, this was a dividing line through the Atlantic Ocean left side was Spains, east side was Portugals. An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who led an attack on villages throughout New England. This was the largest conflict in 1675. The journey from Africa to North America which brought slaves in horrible condition Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima. Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony. English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. Organized voyages along the Western Coast of Africa, but never went on these voyages. Founded a school of navigation. Established many African trade routes. Parties discovered Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord used by Incans to record numerical information. The feathered serpent a God of the Toltecs and other Mesoamerican peoples. The use of people purchased from traders for hard labor, often tobacco or cotton picking. Slaves had few freedoms, and were often harshly punished or killed for not meeting requirements set by their owners. Slaves were typically minorities. Small Pox Disease spread by Europeans in the Americas. Led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans in North and South America

Small Pox Technological Advances

Trans-Atlantic Slavery

Treaty of Tordesillas Triangular Trade Vasco de Gama

Caravel: new type of boat, which was sturdier than other boats and designed to travel further distances. Astrolabe: Tool used for navigation, perfected by the Muslims. Magnetic Compass: Invented by the Chinese, used by explorers in this time. The time period of when African slaves were brought to the new European colonies of North America Treaty of Tordesillas a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. Allowed the line of demarcation to be moved further west to include parts of modern day Brazil A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa Began exploring the East Africa coast. In 1498 he reached the port of Calicut in India. Found spices, rare silks, and precious gems.