The capital city of Canada is Ottawa The capital city of Ontario is Toronto Canada is divided into two forms

of political divisions called provinces and territories The largest province is Quebec The largest territory is Nunavut The smallest province is Prince Edward Island (PEI) The beaver is Canadas national emblem British Columbia is Canadas westernmost province Prince Edward Island is the only province completely surrounded by water Newfoundland and Labrador is Canadas easternmost province John A. McDonald was Canadas first prime minister Steven Harper is Canadas prime minister today The Mackenzie River is the longest river in Canada Canada has two official languages, French and English Igloo is the Inuit name for a snow house Mt. Logan is the highest mountain in Canada A beaver is on the nickel A caribou is on the quarter Wilford Laureag is on the $5 bill The Canadian Arm on the U.S. Space Shuttle was designed by Canadians James Nasmith, a Canadian, invented the game of basketball ________ was Canadas first female governor general In 1967 Canada celebrated its 100th birthday The official national law enforcement group are the R.C.M.P. (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) The name Canada comes from the Native Indian Kanata, which means village Canadas official national sport is lacrosse The Atlantic Provinces are sometimes referred to as the Maritimes The newest territory in Canada is called Nunavut The professional hockey teams in Canada and where they come from are: Teams: Provinces: Toronto Maple Leafs Ontario Montreal Canadians Quebec Winnipeg Jets Manitoba Edmonton Oilers Alberta Calgary Flames Alberta Vancouver Kunucts British Columbia Ottawa Senators Ontario The three countries closest to Canada, not including the U.S. are: Denmark, Russia, and France

The provinces and capital cities are as follows: The Maritime Provinces/East Coast Provinces Capital Cities Nova Scotia Halifax New Brunswick Fredericton Prince Edward Island (PEI) Charlottetown Newfoundland and Labrador St. Johns Ontario Toronto Quebec Quebec City Manitoba Winnipeg Saskatchewan Regina Alberta Edmonton British Columbia Victoria Nunavut Iqaluit Yukon Whitehorse Northwest Territories Yellowknife Canada Ottawa The five bodies of water that are referred to as the Great Lakes are: Lake Huron Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Lake Erie Lake Superior *Easy way to remember them, think HOMES* The three oceans that touch the shores of Canada are: Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Arctic Ocean The Ottawa River runs along the border between Ontario and Quebec The names of the two popular islands found in British Columbia are: Vancouver Island Queen Charlotte Islands The two major lakes found in the Northwest Territories are: Great Slave Lake Great Bear Lake The name of the gulf found in the Maritimes is Gulf St. Lawrence The name of the straight that flows into the Labrador Sea is the Davis Straight

0 degrees Longitude = Prime Meridian 0 degrees Latitude = Equator Latitude (parallels) Latitude lines are imaginary lines which run east to west. Latitude lines tell you how far east or west you are. Tip: To help you remember that latitude lines run east to west think of them like the rungs of a ladder. The equator divides the earth into the northern and southern hemisphere. The lines of latitude are numbered from 0 degrees (at the equator) to 90 degrees at the north and South Pole. Longitude Longitude lines are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole. Longitude divides the earth into the western hemisphere and east hemisphere The prime meridian is 0 degrees and runs through Greenwich, England. It divides the earth into two hemispheres, the east and west hemispheres. Longitude lines determine time zones and the time of day. Guelph is in the Eastern Time zone. For every 15 line of lines of longitude there is roughly 1 time zone. There are a total of 24 time zones.

Sir Sanford Fleming wrote to the major governments of the world proposing the use of time zones. In 1884 an international conference was held to approve Flemings system. The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England. Time in this time zone is called Universal Time. 180 degrees of longitude is the degree of the International dateline. This line runs through the Pacific Ocean and separates one day from another. This line runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and zig zags through the Pacific, to avoid dividing land masses or island groups that belong to the same country. Canadian Time Zones In Canada we have a total of 6 time zones Newfoundland Standard Time (NFL) (GMT 3.5) Atlantic Standard Time (PEI, NS, NB, L) (GMT 4) Eastern Standard Time (ON, Q, N) (GMT 5) Central Standard Time (N, S, M) (GMT 6) Mountain Standard Time (BC, N, NWT, A) (GMT 7) Pacific Standard Time (BC, Y) (GMT 8)

RF Scale Always has two numbers Example: 1:24,000,000 = cm Large distance are not measured in cm. Usually we use km for large distances. It is important that units are the same The first number in a scale is always 1 Examples: 1m: 100cm and 1km: 1000m Therefore we know there must be 100,000cm in 1km You always divide the by 100,000cm/km to get the correct conversion Examples: 24,000,000cm/100,00km = 1cm: 240km direct statement 1:50cm vs. 1:240km 1:50cm has lots of detail while 1:240km has little detail

What is a compass rose? A compass rose is a tool used by geographers to locate places and give directions. North is always 0 degrees South is always 180 degrees East is always 90 degrees West is always 270 degrees Cardinal compass points North South East West Ordinal compass points North-East South-East South-West North-West