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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 18-PULSE AC-DC CONVERTER FED VECTOR CONTROLLED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE (VCIMD)
R.A.Gupta, 2Rajesh Kumar, 3Bharat Bhushan Jain 1 Prof. Department of Electrical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur, India-302017
2 3 1

Reader, Department of Electrical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur, India-302017

Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur, India-302017

E-mail: rag_mnit@rediffmail.com, rk.rlab@gmail.com, bharat_pce@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT In this paper, design of novel autotransformer based 18-pulse Ac-Dc Converter fed vector controlled induction motor drive is discussed and its Matlab/Simulink model is also given. The design procedure for proposed autotransformers shows the flexibility in the design for making it a cost effective replacement suitable for retrofit applications, where presently a six-pulse diode bridge rectifier is used. Using the above designs we can capable to suppress harmonics up to 13th in 18-pulse configuration of the VCIMD. Various simulation results are given for autotransformer and VCIMD in topology C and D. THD analysis at No load and Load is also done. Keywords: Autotransformer, multi pulse AC-DC converter, power quality, and vector controlled induction motor drive (VCIMD).

1. INTRODUCTION
With the proliferation of power-electronic converters, the majority of dc drives are being replaced by variable frequency induction motor drives. These variable frequency induction motor drives are generally operated in vector control [1], as it is an elegant way of achieving highperformance control of induction motors in a way similar to the dc motor. These vector-controlled induction motor drives (VCIMDs) are fed by an uncontrolled acdc converter which results in injection of current harmonics into the supply system. These current harmonics, while propagating through the finite source impedance, result in voltage distortion at the point of common coupling, there by affecting the nearby consumers. Various methods based on the principle of increasing the number of pulses in acdc converters have been reported in the literature to mitigate current harmonics [2][4]. These methods use two or more converters, where the harmonics generated by one converter are cancelled by another converter, by proper phase shift. The autotransformer-based configurations [5, 6, 16-18] 861

provide the reduction in magnetics rating, as the transformer magnetic coupling transfers only a small portion of the total kilovolt-ampere of the induction motor drive. These autotransformerbased schemes considerably reduce the size and weight of the transformer. Autotransformer-based 18-pulse ac-dc converters [16-18] have been reported for reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the ac mains current. To ensure equal power sharing between the diode bridges and to achieve good harmonic cancellation, this topology needs Interphase transformers and impedancematching inductors, resulting in increased complexity and cost. Moreover the dc-link voltage is higher, making the scheme non applicable for retrofit applications. To overcome the problem of higher dc-link voltage, Hammond [5] has proposed a new topology, but the transformer design is very complex. To simplify the transformer design, Paice [6] has reported a new topology for 18pulse ac-dc Converters But this topology requires higher rating magnetics, resulting in the enhancement of capital cost. Bhim Singh [9, 11, and 14] also gives various VCIMD model with

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various autotransformer connections. In this paper, an 18-pulse Ac-Dc converter fed vector controlled induction motor drive (VCIMD) is simulated, which is used an novel autotransformer for 18pulse production. The presented techniques for the design of the autotransformer provides flexibility in design to vary the output voltages to make it suitable for retrofit applications (where presently, a six-pulse converter is being used, as shown in Fig. 1) without much alterations in the system layout. This topology results in improvement in THD of ac mains current and power factor even under light load conditions.
IGBT Based Inverter isa isb isb 3 Phase, 415V, 50 Hz 6 Pulse diode Bridge Rectifier Zs Zs A B Ld + ibs Cd ias PWM Current Controller ias* ibs* ibs ics* ics Three Phase VCIMD ias

Assume the following set of voltages:

Va = V0 Vb = V 120 Vc = V120 Va = V + 20 Vb = V 100 Vc = V140

(1) (2)

Here Va, Vb, and Vc are the phase voltages. Similarly Va = V 20 Vb = V 140 Vc = V100

(3)

Where, V is the rms value of phase voltage.

Field Orientation and Reference Current Generation iqs* 2* imr* T Speed Controller r* + r T* Limiter Estimator for ids*, iqs*, 2* Field weakening

Fig. 2 Winding connection diagram of the proposed autotransformer for 18-Pulse (Topology C)

Fig.1 Six-Pulse Diode Bridge Rectifier Fed Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive (Topology-A) 2. DESIGN OF AUTOTRANSFORMERS FOR 18-PULSE AC-DC CONVERTER The minimum phase shift required for proper harmonic elimination is given by [2]Phase Shift= 600 /No. of 6 pulse Converters To achieve the 18-pulse rectification, the following conditions have to be satisfieda) Three sets of balanced three-phase line voltages are to be produced, which are 200or 400 for 18-pulse required out of phase with respect to each other. Here, /200 phase shift is used to reduce the size of the magnetics. b) The magnitude of these line voltages should be equal to each other to result in symmetrical pulses and reduced ripple in output dc voltage. Fig.2 shows the winding connection diagram of the proposed autotransformer for achieving 18pulse rectification. The phasor diagram shown in Fig. 3 represents the relationship among various phase voltages.

Fig.3 Vector diagram of Phase Voltages for 18Pulse ac-dc converter (Topology C) The phase shifted voltages for phase a of are (4) V a = V a + 0 . 25777 V c 0 . 1371 V b
V a = V a + 0 . 25777 V b 0 . 1371 V c

(5)

Similarly phase shifted voltages for phase b are (6) V b = V b + 0 . 25777 V a 0 . 1371 Vc (7) V b = V b + 0 . 25777 V c 0 . 1371 V a Similarly phase shifted voltages for phase c are-

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V c = V c + 0 . 25777 V b 0 . 1371 V a V c = V c + 0 . 25777 V a 0 . 1371 V c

(8) (9)

Va1 = 0.963Va' = Va + K 5Vb + K 6Vc

(11) (12) (13)

Va'1 = 0.963Va' = Va + K 3Vc K 4Vb

V = 0.963V = Va + K 3Vb K 4Vc
'' a1 '' a

Thus, the autotransformer uses two auxiliary windings per phase. A phase-shifted voltage is obtained. Due to the 18-pulse operation, the average voltage at dc link is higher than that of a six-pulse diode bridge rectifier output voltage by about 3.7%. The proposed autotransformer design has been modified to make it suitable for retrofit applications (to achieve the dc link voltage same as that of six-pulse diode bridge rectifier). Fig.4 shows the generalized arrangement of the autotransformer windings for varying the transformer output voltages while still maintaining the 18-pulse operation (ensuring an angle of 200 between the transformer output voltages with respect to the supply voltages). This can be achieved by simply varying the tapping positions on the windings. Vc1"
Vc Vc1' K5 K6 Vc1 K4 C K3 K4

Where Va1 Va1 and Va1 are the reduced phase voltages for the retrofit arrangement of the proposed 18-pulse ac-dc converter. By solving above equations K3, K4, K5 and K6 are calculated. These equations result in K3 = 0.2852, K4 = 0.09485, K5 = 0.0.0371 and K6 = 0.0371 for the desired phase shift in autotransformer. The phase shifted voltages for phase a are as(14) V a 1 = V a + 0 . 0371 V b + 0 . 0371 V c

''

V a'1 = V a + 0 .2852 V c 0 .09485 V b V

'' a1

(15) (16)

= V a + 0 . 2852 V b 0 .09485 V c

Similarly, phase shifted voltages for phase b are(17) V b 1 = V b + 0 . 0371 V a + 0 . 0371 V c V b'1 = V b + 0 . 2852 V a 0 .09485 V c
' V b'1 = V b + 0 .2852 V c 0 . 09485 V a

(18) (19)

Va1' K3

Similarly, phase shifted voltages for phase c are(20) V c 1 = V c + 0 . 0371 V b + 0 . 0371 V a

K6 Va1

K5

V c'1 = V c + 0 . 2852 V b 0 . 09485 V a

Va

(21) (22)

V = V c + 0 . 2852 V a 0 . 09485 V b
'' c1

Vb1"

Va1" Vb1 Vb B

Thus, by simply changing the transformer winding tapping, the same dc link voltage as that of 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier is obtained. The kVA rating of the autotransformer is calculated as (23) kVA = 0 . 5 V winding I winding

Vb1' Fig.4 Winding connection diagram of the proposed autotransformer for 18-Pulse suitable for retrofit Application (Topology D)

For achieving this, all the three-phase shifted voltages, i.e., and are reduced by about 3.7% from the supply voltage, for retrofit arrangement in 18pulse operation respectively asBy following the above procedure, for same dc link voltage as that of six-pulse diode bridge rectifier, the values of K3, K4, K5 and K6 are calculated as shown in fig.4.4 for retrofit arrangement as(10) Va1 = 0.963Va' = Va + K 5Vc + K 6Vb

Fig.5 shows the schematic diagram of proposed autotransformer based 18 -pulse acdc converter with a phase shift of +200 and 200 along with the pulse multiplication circuit, resulting in 18-pulse acdc converter, referred as Topology C and Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of proposed autotransformer based 18-pulse acdc converter suitable for retrofit applications, referred as Topology D.
3. MODELING OF VCIMD

Vector-control schemes are classified according to how the field angle is acquired. If the field angle is calculated by using terminal voltages and

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currents or Hall sensors or flux-sensing winding,

then it is known as direct vector control.

Fig.5 Autotransformer based 18-pulse AC-DC Converter (with phase shift of 200) fed VCIMD (Topology C)

Fig.6 Autotransformer based 18-pulse AC-DC Converter fed VCIMD Suitable for Retrofit Applications (Topology D)

The field angle can also be obtained by using rotor position measurement and partial estimation with only machine parameters but not any other variables such as voltages or currents; using this field angle leads to a class of control schemes known as indirect vector control.

Fig.1 shows the schematic diagram of an indirect VCIMD. In the rotor-flux-oriented reference frame the x-component of the stator current reference
vector
i sx

i sx is obtained as = i mr + r ( i mr / T )

(24)

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The two phase currents of motor namely ias and ibs and the motor speed signal sensed for achieving the vector control mode of induction motor drive. The closed loop PI speed controller compares the reference speed (
r

r are

2 = i sy /( r imr ) ( n ) = ( n 1) + ( 2 + r )T

(27) (28) (29)

2

k = (3 / 2)( P / 2){M /(1 + r )}

) with motor speed (r) and generates

reference torque T (after limiting it to a suitable value) as

Where imr is the magnetizing current, is the slip speed of rotor, r is the angular velocity of rotor. P, M, and

r = (1 L2 / Ls Lr ) are m

the

(n)

=T

( n 1 )

+ K

e(n)

e ( n 1 )

+ K I e(n)

(25)

Where T(n ) and T(n 1) are the output of the PI controller (after limiting it to a suitable value) and e(n) and e(n1) refer to speed error at the nth and (n 1)th instants. Kp and KI are the proportional and integral gain constants. The y-component of the stator current reference vector i sy is obtained from the out put of the PI controller as

number of poles, mutual inductance, and rotor leakage factor, respectively, (n) and (n1) are the value of rotor flux angles at nth and (n 1)th instants, respectively, and T is the sampling time taken as 100 s. These currents ( i sx , i sy ) are in synchronously rotating reference frame and these are converted into stationary reference frame three-phase currents ( ias , ibs , ics ) as ias = i sy sin + i sx cos
ibs = cos + 3 sin isx (1 / 2)

sy

= T

/ ki

mr

(26)

[ + [sin +

3 cos isy (1 / 2)

(30) (31) (32)

The x-component i sx and y-component i sy of the stator current form the inverter current reference vector in rotor-flux-oriented reference frame, which is then converted to stationary reference frame using rotor flux angle calculated as sum of the rotor angle and the value of slip angle as

ics = (ias + ibs )

Where

ias , ibs and ics are the three-phase

reference currents. These three-phase reference currents generated by the vector controller are compared with the sensed motor currents (ias, ibs, and ics).

1 In1

1 Out1

2 Out2 2 In2 4 Out4 3 Out3

.25777 Constant

Product

Subtract 5 Out5

Subtract1 .1371 Product1 Constant1 3 In3 .25777 Constant2 Product2 Subtract2

6 Out6

Subtract3 .1371 Product3 Constant3

7 Out7

.25777 Product4 Constant4 Subtract4

8 Out8

.1371 Constant5

Product5 9 Out9

Subtract5

Fig.7 Matlab/Simulink diagram for the autotransformer suitable for 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD (Topology-C)

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1 In1 .0371 K5/6 2 In2 4 Out4 .0371 K6 .2852 K3 5 Out5 Product7 Subtract7 Product6 Subtract6

1 Out1

2 Out2

Product

Subtract .0371 K5 Product8 Subtract8

3 Out3

Subtract1 .09485 Product1 K4 3 In3 .2852 K3' Product2 Subtract2

6 Out6

Subtract3 .09485 Product3 K4'

7 Out7

.2852 Product4 K3'' Subtract4

8 Out8

.09485 K4''

Product5 9 Out9

Subtract5

Fig.8 Matlab/Simulink diagram for the autotransformer suitable for 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD Suitable for Retrofit Applications (Topology D)

1 In1

2 In 2 300 Constant
wr* wr vqs* vds* wsl vds* vbo* vqs* vao*

vao* vao vbo* vco* + we we vco* vco vco ic vbo vbo ib vao ia

1 Iabc

Torque and Flux Control Sum2

Command Voltage Generator 3-phase PWM Inverter 0 Constant1

Mux6
Tl Te

2 Torque

we

wr

Induction Motor 3 Speed

Fig.9 Matlab/Simulink model of Vector Controlled Induction motor (VCIM)

The calculated current errors are866

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ikc = iks iks ,

where k = a, b, c

(33)

These current errors are amplified and fed to the pulse width modulation (PWM) current controller, which controls the on and off periods of different

Out 1

In1 A+ I n1

Vdc

In1

Out 2

In2

AOut3 A In3

I n2

+ Iabc In2

Iabc

Out 4 B

In4 B+ I n3 Torque

Te
In2 C BOut 6 In6 I n4 Out 5 In5 In1 Speed

wr VCIMD

3_ph source

Out 7

In7 C+ I n5 -

In3

Out 8

In8

COut 9 In9

I n6

Discrete, Ts = 1e-005 s. powergui

Diode Rectifiers Autotransformer for topology C

interphase transformer

Fig.10 Matlab/Simulink model of 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD (Topology-C)

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Out1

In1 A+ In1

Vdc

In1

Out2

In2 Iabc AIn2 + In1

Out3 A

In3

Iabc

Torque Out4 B In2 In2 C BOut6 In6 In4 Out5 In5 Speed In4 B+ In3

Te

wr VCIMD

3_ph source

Out7

In7 C+ In5 -

In3

Out8

In8

Discrete, Ts = 1e-005 s.
Out9 In9 CIn6

powergui

Autotransformer for topology C

Diode Rectifiers

interphase transformer

Fig.11 Matlab/Simulink model of 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD (Topology-D) Fig.12 shows the output of this autotransformer i.e. combination of voltage Vaaa, Vbbb, Vccc, switches in VSI. The VSI generates the PWM Vabc, Vabc, Vabc, which is suitable for voltages being fed to the motor to develop the topology-C. torque for running the motor at a desired speed under required loading conditions.
200 150

4. MATLAB-BASED SIMULATION
18 Pulse

100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time(msec) 70 80 90 100

V lta e o o g (V lt)

Fig.7 shows the Matlab/Simulink model of autotransformer suitable for 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD Topology-C. Fig.8 shows the Matlab/Simulink model of autotransformer suitable for 18-pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD suitable for retrofit applications Topology-D. Fig.9 shows the Matlab/Simulink model of Vector Controlled Induction motor (VCIM). Fig.10 shows the Matlab/Simulink model of 18pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD Topology-C and Fig.11 shows the Matlab/Simulink model of 18pulse ac-dc converter fed VCIMD suitable for retrofit applications Topology-D.
5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 18- Pulse Ac-Dc Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-C)

Fig.12 Output voltage of autotransformer for 18Pulse Operation (Topology-C)

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

20

40

60

80

100 120 Time(msec)

140

160

180

200

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Fig.13 Output Voltages across the Bridge Rectifiers for 18-Pulse Operation ( Topology-C) Fig. 13 shows the output of the diode bridge rectifiers and Fig. 14 shows the output voltage of Interphase transformers, which is fed to the inverter of VCIM through filter. These wave forms show that the output contains 18-pulses.
500 450 400 350 V c(V lt) d o 300 250 200

(c)Torque
Fig. 15 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-C) - at NoLoad
10 5 Iabc(Amp)

-5

-10 0.6

0.62

0.64 0.66 Time (s)

0.68

0.7

100 Mag (% of Fundamental) 80

150 100 50 0 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

THD= 7 . 4 5 %
60 40 20 0

Fig.14 Output Voltage waveform of Interphase Transformers for 18-Pulse Operation (TopologyC) The various results such as motor current Iabc, Speed and Torque are obtained for different load conditions are shown in following figures (15-18).
40 30

10 Harmonic order

15

20

Fig.16 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-C) - Motor Current and Harmonic Spectrum, at No-Load
40 30 20 Iabc(Amp) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

20 Iabc(Am p) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

(a)Motor Current (Iabc)

350
350 300

(a)Motor Current (Iabc)

300 250 Speed (rps) 200 150 100 50 0 -50

0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

250 S e d (rp pe s) 200 150 100 50 0 -50

0.2

0.4 Time (s)

0.6

0.8

(b)Speed
140 120

(b)Speed
140 120 100 Torque(Nm) 80 60 40 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

100 Torque(Nm) 80 60 40 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

(c)Torque

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450

V lta e o o g (V lt)

Fig. 17 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-C) - at Load
15 10 Iabc(Amp) 5 0 -5 -10 -15 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 Time (s) 0.68 0.7

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

20

40

60

80 100 120 Time9msec)

140

160

180

200

Fig.20 Output Voltages across the Bridge Rectifiers for 18-Pulse Operation (Topology-D)
TOPOLOGY - D 426.944

100 Mag (% of Fundamental) 80

THD= 5 . 8 1 %
60 40 20 0

426.942 426.94 426.938 426.936

10 Harmonic order

15

20

426.934 426.932 426.93 426.928 426.926 0.02 0.025 0.03 Time (s) 0.035 0.04

Fig.18 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-C) -Motor Current and Harmonic Spectrum, at Load 5.2 18-Pulse Ac-Dc Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-D)

Fig.21 Output Voltage waveform of Interphase Transformers for 18-Pulse Operation (TopologyD)

Fig.19 shows the combination of voltage Va1a1a1, Vb1b1b1, Vc1c1c1, Va1b1c1, Va1b1c1 and Va1b1c1which is suitable for topology-D VCIMD. Fig.20 shows the output of the diode bridge rectifiers and Fig.21 shows the output voltage of Interphase transformers.

The various results such as motor current Iabc, Speed and Torque are obtained for different conditions are shown in following figures (22-25).

40 30
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time(msec) 70 80 90 100

20 Iabc(Amp) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

(a)Motor Current (Iabc)

350 300 250 Speed(rps) 200 150 100 50 0 -50 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Time (s) 0.8 1

Fig. 19 Output voltage of autotransformer for 18Pulse Operation (Topology-D)

(b)Speed

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140 120
250 Speed(rps) 350 300

100 Torque(Nm) 80 60 40 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

200 150 100 50 0 -50 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

(b)Speed
140 120 100 Torque(N m)

(c)Torque
Fig.22 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-D) - at NoLoad
10 5 Iabc(Am p) 0 -5 -10 0.4

80 60 40 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

(c)Torque
Fig.24 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-D) - at Load
15 10 Iabc(Am p)
0 5 10 Harmonic order 15 20

0.45

0.5 Time (s)

0.55

0.6

100 Mag (% of Fundamental) 80

THD= 6 .8 8 %
60

5 0 -5 -10 -15 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 Time (s) 0.68 0.7

40 20 0

M (% of Fundam ag ental)

Fig.23 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-D) - Motor Current and Harmonic Spectrum, at No-Load
40 30 20 Ia c(A p b m) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 0.2 0.4 Time (s) 0.6 0.8 1

100 80 60 40 20 0

THD= 5 . 8 3 %

10 Harmonic order

15

20

Fig.25 Matlab/Simulink Results of 18-Pulse ACDC Converter Fed VCIMD (Topology-D) - Motor Current and Harmonic Spectrum, at Load

15 10 5 Ia c(A p b m) 0 -5 -10 -15 0.5

0.6

0.7 Time (s)

0.8

0.9

(a)Motor Current (Iabc)

In both cases, as we starts motor on simulation at t=0sec, motor draws high current (~ 40A) before reaching the steady state. At t= 0.23sec motor reaches at steady state where it draws the current of the order of 6A. In Loading Condition we apply a load of TL= 14N-m, at t = 0.5 sec and removes it at t=0.8sec.As we apply the load, motor draws more current for its needs of the order of 10A. Here controller starts working, and ensures the constant desired speed. As we removed the load current again current settles down to no load value i.e. 6A and speed remain constant, and controller role is omitted again. Table I shows the various THD of both topologies. 871

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Table I THD ANALYSIS OF TOPOLOGY C & D Sr. Topology THD at No THD on No. Load Load

1. 2.

Topology-C Topology-D

7.45% 6.88%

5.81% 5.83%

6. CONCLUSION

The design, modeling, simulation, and development of 18-pulse acdc converter fed VCIMD has been presented for various load in two topologies C & D. It has been observed that the design of the proposed autotransformer is flexible for making it suitable for retrofit applications, where presently a six-pulse diode bridge rectifier is being used. The proposed 18-pulse acdc converter fed VCIMD topology-D has less THD as compared to topology-C.

APPENDIX

Three-Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor10 HP (7.5 kW), 3-Phase, 4 Pole, Y- connected, 415 V, 50 Hz, Rs = 1.0 , Rr = 0.76 ,Xls = 1.1404 Xlr =1.7122 , Lm = 0.114 H, J=0.1 kgm2. PI Controller Kp = 10.0, KI = 0.1 DC link parameters: Ld =0.6mH,Cd = 2200F. Magnetics ratings Autotransformer Rating - 2.4 KVA, Interphase Transformer-0.58 KVA
REFRENCES

[1] P. Vas, Sensorless Vector and Direct Torque Control,Oxford, U.K.:Oxford Univ. Press, 1998. [2] D. A. Paice, Power Electronic Converter Harmonics: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1996. [3] S. Choi, P. N. Enjeti, and I. J. Pitel, Polyphase transformer arrangements with reduced kVA capacities for harmonic current reduction in rectifier type utility interface, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 5, Sepimeber 1996 pp. 680689. [4] D.A.Paice, Multipulse converter system, U.S. Patent 4876634, October 24, 1989. [5] P. W. Hammond, Autotransformer, U.S. Patent no. 5619407, April 8, 1997.

[6] D. A. Paice, Transformers for Multipulse AC/DC Converters, U.S.Patent no. 6101113, Auguest 8, 2000. [7] IEEE Guide for Application and Specification of Harmonic Filters, IEEE Std. 1573, 2003. [8] IEEE Guide for Harmonic Control and Reactive Compensation of Static Power Converters, IEEE Std. 519, 1992. [9] Bhim Singh, G. Bhuvaneswari and Vipin Garg, Power-Quality Improvements in VectorControlled Induction Motor Drive Employing Pulse Multiplication in ACDC Converters IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.21, No.3, July 2006, pp.1578-1586. [10] H. Madadi Kojabadi, L. Chang, and R. Doriaswami Recent Progress in Sensorless Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives Proceedings of the 2002 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, 2002, pp. 80-85. [11] Bhim Singh,G. Bhuvaneswari and Vipin Garg, Pulse Multiplication in ACDC Converters for Harmonic Mitigation in Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 21, No.2, June 2006, pp. 132-142. [12] A. Uan-Zo-li, F.Wang, D. Boroyevich, F. Lacaux, and A. Tardy, Comparison of prospective topologies for aircraft autotransformer-rectifier units, Proceeding of IEEE IECON03, Vol. 2, November 2003, pp. 11211127. [13] F. J. Chivite-Zabalza, A. J. Forsyth, and D. R. Trainer, Analysis and practical evaluation of an 18-pulse rectifier for aerospace applications, Proceeding of IEEE PEMD04, 2004, pp. 338343. [14] Bhim Singh, G. Bhuvaneswari and Vipin Garg, A Novel Polygen Based 18-Pulse AC DC Converter for Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.22, No.2, March 2007, pp.488497. [15] F. J. M. de Seixas and I. Barbi, A12 kW three-phase low THD rectifier with high frequency isolation and regulated dc output, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, March 2004, pp. 371377. [16] Hammond, Wye Connected 3-Phase to 9Phase Autotransformer With Reduced Winding Currents, U.S. Patent 6191968 B1, February 20, 2001.

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[17] D.A.Paice, Simplified Wye Connected 3Phase to 9-Phase Autotransformer, U.S. Patent 6 525 951 B1, February 25, 2003. [18] G. R. Kamath, D. Benson, and R. Wood, A novel autotransformer based 18- pulse rectifier circuit, Proceeding of IEEE IECON02,2002 pp. 795801.

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