SECTION G

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

122

Manual on Transformers

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

123

SECTION G Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This section covers technical requirements/parameters for power transformers of 420 kV class but does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. For general requirements, tests and loss capitalisation reference shall be made to sections A, J & L respectively of this Manual. 1.2 Standard Ratings

1.2.1 Generator Transformers

Three phase rating MVA 250 or 315 Voltage ratio 15.75 /420 Tapping Percent range impedance per cent voltage A-Off circuit taps + 2.5% to 7.5% 14.5 B-Onload taps + 5% to - 10% A-Off circuit taps + 2.5% - 7.5% 15.0 B On load taps + 5% to - 10% Cooling

ONAN/OFAF or OFAF or OFWF or ONAN/ ODAF or ODAF or ODWF ONAN/ OFAF or OFAF or OFWF or ONAN/ ODAF or ODAF or ODWF

600 Bank

21/420

Note : The ratings of generator transformers for hydro generating sets have not been standardized as the sizes of these sets depend upon site characteristics. The purchaser shall specify the type of cooling required.

Other Parameters (i) (ii) (iii) Connections Connections symbol Tappings HV Star neutral effectively earthed, LV delta YNd11

Full power tappings on HV winding for HV voltage variation. Tap changing shall be by : (a) Off-circuit tap changer, tapping range + 2.5% to - 7.5% in steps of 2.5 per cent alternatively

124 (b)

Manual on Transformers

On-load tap changer, tapping range + 5% to - 10% in steps of 1.25 per cent. (iv) Three-phase rating should be understood as three phase bank ra ting and not necessarily three-phase unit rating. Wherever transport restrictions impose, single phase ratings equal to one-third of the three phase bank rating may be specified. (v) ONAN rating shall be guaranteed at 60 per cent of the OFAF, or ODAF rating. Rating under ONAF condition shall be about 80 per cent. (vi) Air core reactance of HV winding shall not be less than 20 per cent and knee point voltage shall not be less than 1.1 pu. (vii) Short circuit level Transformer shall be suitable for connection to for 420 kV system the system having the following short circuit and duration levels and duration: 40 and 63 kA for one second. (viii) Terminal Bushings

(a)

LV Terminals: Oil - sealed / Oil communicating Kondenser type bushings mounted on turrets suitable for connections to busbars in isolated phase busducts which shall have spacings of 1250 mm for 250 MVA three-phase unit and 1500 mm for each 200 MVA single-phase unit of a 600 MVA three-phase bank. HV Terminals -Line End: 420 kV oil filled condenser bushing. No arcing horns shall be provided. For details refer section P. Neutral End: 17.5 kV porcelain bushing. No arcing horns shall be provided.

(b)

1.2.2 Auto - Transformers The purchaser may specify auto-transformer with constant ohmic value of impedance or constant percentage impedance as given below: Standard Ratings (a) Auto Transformers (Constant Percentage Impedance)
Three-phase HV/IV/LV MVA 100/100/33.3 200/200/66.7 250/250/83.3 315/315/105 500/500/166.7 630/630/210 Voltage ratio Tapping range per cent + 10% to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10% to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10% to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 105 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10% to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10% to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% Percent impedance voltage HV-IV 400/132/33 400/132/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 HV-LV IV-LV 27 36 45 45 45 45 12 22 30 30 30 30 ONAN/OFAF ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF Cooling

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

125

(b) Auto-Transformers (Constant Ohmic Impedance)

Three-Phase HV/IV/LV MVA 100/100/33.3 200/200/66.7 250/250/83.3 315/315/105 500/500/166.7 630/630/210 400/132/33 400/132/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 400/220/33 + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% + 10 to 10% 16 steps of 1.25% Voltage Ratio Tapping Range per cent Per cent impedance voltage HV-IV HV-LV IV-LV (min)* (min)* 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 45 45 60 60 60 60 30 30 45 45 45 45 ONAN/OFAF ONAN/OFAF ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF ONAN/ODAF ONAN/OFAF ONAN/ODAF Cooling

* No limit is specified on higher side.

Other Parameters (i) Connections HV Star auto with neutral IV effectively earthed LV Delta

(ii) (iii)

Connection symbol YNa0d11 Full power tappings shall be provided on series winding for the variation of voltage on HV side. The tap changers shall be suitable for bi-directional flow of rated power. The tap changers shall be in accordance with Section N. Three-phase rating should be understood as three phase bank rating and not necessarily three phase unit rating. Wherever transport restrictions impose, single phase ratings equal to one third of the three phase bank ratings may be specified. ONAN rating shall be guaranteed at 60 per cent of the OFAF or ODAF rating. Rating under ONAF condition although not guaranteed shall be about 80 per cent. For these transformers the temperature rise of the top oil refers to the specified loading combination for which the total losses are highest. Individual winding temperature rises shall be considered relative to that specified loading combination which is the most severe for the particular winding under consideration. Air core reactance of HV winding shall not be less than 20 per cent and knee point voltage shall not be less than 1.1 pu.

(iv)

(v) (vi)

(vii)

(viii) The specified percentage impedance voltage is at principal tapping and on the MVA base corresponding to HV/IV rating. Tolerance on percentage impedance voltage shall be as under:

126

Manual on Transformers

Pairs of windings HV-IV (normal tap) HV-IV (max & min tap) For constant percentage impedance auto-transformer HV-LV IV-LV

Tolerance 10 per cent 15 per cent 15 per cent 15 per cent

1.2.3 Short Circuit Level Transformer shall be suitable for connection to the system having the following short circuit level: 420 kV 40 and 63 kA (rms), 1 second 245 kV 40 kA (rms), 1 second 145 kV 40 kA (rms), 1 second 1.2.4 Terminals (a) LV Terminals: 52 kV oil-filled condenser bushings. The bushing shall be arranged in a line with 1000 mm spacing to allow mounting of phase to phase barriers. No arcing horns shall be provided. IV Terminals: 145/245 kV oil-filled condenser bushings with test taps. No arcing horns shall be provided. HV Terminals Line End: 420 kV oil-filled condenser bushing. No arcing horns shall be provided. For details refer section P. Neutral End: 17.5 kV porcelain bushing. No arcing horns shall be provided. 1.2.5 Insulation Levels 1.2.5.1 LIGHTNING IMPULSE AND POWER FREQUENCY VOLTAGE TEST LEVEL
Highest voltage for equipment kV (rms) 12 17.5 24 145 245 420 Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV (peak) 75 95 125 550 950 1300 All 1425 for GTs Rated power frequency, short duration withstand voltage kV (rms) 28 38 50 ----

(b) (c)

1.2.5.2 Rated switching surge kV (peak) 1050 withstand voltage for 400 kV terminal. 1.2.5.3 Partial discharge at 1.5 x Um/ 3 Single- phase method pico-coulomb 500.

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

127

Notes (i) Insulation of tertiary winding of auto -transformer should be adequate to withstand the transferred surge voltage appearing across them due to an impulse striking on HV or IV terminals. Therefore, 33 kV LV winding shall be designed for a minimum lightning impulse withstand voltage of 250 kV (peak) and short duration power frequency withstand voltage of 95 kV (rms). The shunt reactor or capacitors connected to the LV side would be required to be frequently switched on and off. The LV winding should be capable of withstanding the stresses as may be caused by frequent switching.

(ii)

1.2.5.4 TEMPERATURE RISES

Air - cooled transformers (a) (b) Temperature rise of top oil Measured by thermometer Temperature rise of winding Measured by resistance: - When oil circulation Natural or forced non-directed - When oil circulation is Forced directed 50 C Water-cooled transformers 55 C

55 C 55 C

60 C 65 C

Notes (i) For the purpose of standardization of maximum temperature rises of oil and winding as measured by resistance, the following ambient temperatures are assumed : Air Cooling medium ambient temperature Maximum daily average ambient temperature Maximum yearly weighted average temperature (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 50C 40C 32C Water 30C 25C --

Maximum yearly weighted temperature is based on ambient temperature cycle and its duration. Wherever ambient temperatures are higher than those sp ecified above, the temperature rises, reduced by corresponding amount, shall be specified. Guaranteed temperature rise limits are valid for all the tappings. The above temperature rises are applicable to transformers required for operation at an altitude not exceeding 1000 metres above sea level.

1.3 Cooling 1.3.1 ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF Two 50 per cent banks. One number of pump and one standby pump in each bank. Adequate number of fans and one standby fan in each 50 per cent bank. Adequate number of coolers with one cooler as standby Two 100 per cent coolers.

1.3.2 OFAF or ODAF 1.3.3 OFWF or ODWF

128
Notes (i) (ii)

Manual on Transformers

The transformer shall be filled up with mineral oil, conforming to IS: 335-1993. Some of the essential parameters are specified in Annexure 1, Section G1. For auto transformers 100 per cent cooling equipment should be capable of dissipating losses occurring in all the three windings, at any tap. It is required only in case specifically called fort.

1.4 Bushings 1.4.1 The voltage and current ratings, basic insulation level and creepage distances of the bushings shall be in accordance with the following table:
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Voltage rating kV (rms) 420 245 145 52 Current rating (Amps) 800 1250 800 1250 2000 800 1250 800 2000 3150 Creepage distance (mm) 10500 6125 3625 1300 Basic insulation level (kVP) 1425 1050 650 250

Notes (i) (ii) In case of very heavy polluted atmosphere, guidance may be taken from Annexure II, Section G1. The 800 amps as well 1250 amps bushings shall be suitable for draw lead type or draw rod type assembly and it shall be possible to replace the 800 amps bushing with 1250 amps bushing or vice versa.

1.4.2 The Dimensions of Bushings are as per Section P. 1.5 Clearances of Line Terminals in Air

Clearances in air between live parts and to earthed structures for LV terminals of generator transformers and auto-transformers shall be determined as per spacings given in clause 1.1.1 (viii) and 1.2.1.4 respectively. The clearances for HV and IV terminals shall be as tabulated below:
Highest voltage for equipment kV (rms) 145 245 420 Clearances Phase to phase (mm) 1220 2000 4000 Phase to earth (mm) 1050 1800 3500

Air clearances of 3500 mm between phase to earth can be relaxed to the extent of maximum of 200 mm so far as air release pipe emanating from bushing turret is concerned.

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

129

1.6 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)

Fittings and Accessories Rating and diagram plate. Two earthing terminals. Lifting bollards. Jacking pads. Haulage lugs. Pocket on tank cover for thermometer. Air release devices. Conservator with oil- filling hole, cap and drain valve (size: 25 mm.) Magnetic type oil gauge with low oil level alarm contacts (ratings: 0.5 Amp, 220 Volts DC.) Dial size 250 mm. Silicagel breather with oil seal. Air cell type oil preservation system. Required number of pressure relief device capable of resealing after release of pressure. Valves Oil valves between cooler and main tank Drain valve preferably with padlocking arrangement (size 100 mm). Two filter valves (size: 50 mm) on diagonally opposite ends - one at top and other at bottom preferably with padlocking arrangement on bottom valve. - Two sampling valves (size: 15 mm) at top and bottom of main tank.

(n) (o) (p)

Oil flow indicator with alarm contacts (ratings, 0.5 Amps, 220 Volts DC) with each pump. Valve schedule plate. Buchholz relay with alarm and trip contacts (Ratings: 1.0 Amp 220 Volts DC) shall have : One number shut-off valve (Size: 80 mm) on conservator side Test cock Gas collection box and gas check valve at ground level. Copper tube interconnection between gas collection box and relay shall also be provided. In transformers, for installation in areas subject to high seismic forces, i.e., horizontal acceleration of 0.3 g or more at and above a frequency of 8 Hz pitot type or reed type of gas and oil relay shall be used.

(q) (r)

Dial type oil temperature indicator with maximum-reading pointer and two sets of contacts (ratings, 5 Amps, 220 Volts DC). 1 No. dial type winding temperature indicator for a two winding transformer and one dial type windings temperature indicator for each winding of a multi winding transformer with maximum-reading pointer and two sets of contacts rating : 5 Amps,

130

Manual on Transformers

220 Volts DC (for OFAF/ODAF and OFWF/ODWF) and four sets of contacts (for ONAN/ODAF/OFAF). (s) (t) (u) Remote indication for each winding temperature shall be through a separate measuring system. Cover lifting lugs. Provision for mounting bi-directional flanged rollers with locking and bolting device for rail gauge specified below:
Shorter axis Two rails with 1676 mm gauge 2/3/4 rail combination according to layout and size of the transformer Longer axis Two rails with 1676 mm gauge Two rails with 1676 mm gauge

Type of construction Single-phase Three-phase

(v) (w) (x)

Weather proof marshalling box for housing control equipment and terminal connections. Wiring up to marshalling box with PVC SWA copper cables of 650/1100 volt grade. Cooling accessories. I ONAN/OFAF or ONAN/ODAF cooling (i) Requisite number of radiators provided with: One shut off valve on top (size: 80 mm) One shut off valve at bottom (size: 80 mm) Air release device on top

Drain and sampling device at bottom Lifting lugs (ii) Fans (iii) Oil pumps with shut off valve on both sides (if required for ONAN cooling pumps can be by-passed using by-pass pipes and valves). (iv) Expansion joints, one each on top and bottom cooler pipe connections. (v) Air release device and oil drain plug on oil pipe connections. II OFAF or ODAF cooling (i) OFAF coolers with integral fans (ii) Oil pumps with shut-off valves on both sides. (iii) Brass encased thermometers. (iv) Air release devices and oil pipe connections. (v) Lifting lugs. III OFWF or ODWF Cooling (i) Oil/water heat exchangers with segregated oil and water headers

Specifications for 420 kV Class Power Transformers

131

(ii) Oil pumps with shut-off valves on both sides. (iii) Water flow indicator with alarm contacts (ratings: 0.5 Amp, 220 Volts DC). (iv) Brass encased thermometer. (v) Pressure gauges. (vi) Differential pressure gauge with alarm contacts, operating when difference between oil outlet pressure and water inlet pressure is less than 0.2 kg./cm2 (vii) Reflux valve if required as per scheme. (viii) Drain and sampling device on cooler pipe connection. 2.0 2.1
l l

TESTS Type Tests Type tests shall be done as per Section J. Temperature rise test shall be carried out at the lowest tap. Additional Type Tests For vacuum and pressure tests on tank refer section A. Relief Device

2.2
l l

The pressure relief device of each size shall be subjected to increasing oil pressure. It shall operate before reaching the test pressure specified in the test at C1 17.3.2 (b) of section A. The operating pressure shall be recorded. The device shall seal-off after the excess pressure has been relieved. 2.3 Routine Tests Routine tests shall be done as per Section J. 2.4 Additional Routine Tests Following additional routine tests shall also be conducted: l Magnetic Circuit Test After assembly each core shall be tested for 1 minute at 2000 Volts ac between all bolts side plates and structural steel work. Immediately prior to the dispatch of the transformer from the manufacturers works the magnetic circuit shall be pressure tested for 1 minute at 2000 volts ac between the core and earth.
l

For Oil Leakage Test on Transformer Tank Refer Section A. Special Tests

2.5

Special tests other than type or routine tests as agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser shall be carried out as per Section J. In addition the following tests shall also be conducted. 2.5.1 Capacitance Test Capacitance test to determine the capacitance between each winding to earth shall be made by ampere turn bridge method.