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APRIL 2012
FEATURES 28 | Specifying LEDs for commercial use

Good lighting enhances design, conserves energy, and increases productivity, safety, security, personal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit.
BY GERSIL N. KAY, IESNA
ON THE COVER: This computer rendering shows a prototype design for a modular data center. The design provides for incremental build strategies using optional standby generators, dual feeds, and double-ended substations in each module to allow for concurrent maintainability at virtually any point in the system. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago
36 | Code strategies for mixed occupancy buildings

The code application options for mixed occupancy buildings, when applied strategically, can minimize the amount of fire-resistancerated construction required by code.
BY JOHN MAHONEY, PE, LEED AP
COVER STORY
22 | Classifying generator power sources
The NEC has several categories that apply to generator power sources. It is important to review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source.
BY BRIAN A. RENER, PE
45 | 2012 Product of the Year Finalists

Who will win gold in 2012? FINALISTS Consulting-Specifying Engineer announces the finalists for this years eighth annual Product of the Year competition, and our readers will have the final word. Cast your votes online at www.csemag.com/votepoy.
BY EMMA RENEE DUTTON
DEPARTMENTS
07 | Viewpoint
The magic of innovation
19 | Codes & Standards

HVAC: documenting ASHRAE 62.1 compliance
08 | MEP Roundtable
World of difference
71 | Advertiser Index 72 | 2 More Minutes

Mentoring is the way it is at Midwest firm
KEY
AUTOMATION & CONTROLS COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRICAL FIRE, SECURITY & LIFE SAFETY HVAC LIGHTING PLUMBING
17 | Career Smart
Tips for effective meetings
CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER (ISSN 0892-5046, Vol. 49, No. 3, GST #123397457) is published 11x per year, monthly except in February, by CFE Media, LLC, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Jim Langhenry, Group Publisher /Co-Founder; Steve Rourke CEO/COO/Co-Founder. CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER copyright 2012 by CFE Media, LLC. All rights reserved. CONSULTINGSPECIFYING ENGINEER is a registered trademark of CFE Media, LLC used under license. Periodicals postage paid at Oak Brook, IL 60523 and additional mailing of ces. Circulation records are maintained at CFE Media, LLC, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Telephone: 630/571-4070. E-mail: customerservice@cfemedia.com. Postmaster: send address changes to CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Publications Mail Agreement No. 40685520. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Email: customerservice@cfemedia.com. Rates for nonquali ed subscriptions, including all issues: USA, $ 145/yr; Canada, $ 180/yr (includes 7% GST, GST#123397457); Mexico, $ 172/yr; International air delivery $318/yr. Except for special issues where price changes are indicated, single copies are available for $20.00 US and $25.00 foreign. Please address all subscription mail to CONSULTING-SPECIFYING ENGINEER, 1111 W. 22nd Street, Suite #250, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Printed in the USA. CFE Media, LLC does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any person for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the material contained herein, regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident or any other cause whatsoever. www.csemag.com Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012
online now csemag.com

When engineering systems for buildings outside the United States, whats the No. 1 most difficult issue you face?
Other Energy efficiency, sustainability HVAC
Would you prefer to receive this issue as a digital publication? Update your subscription, and get our digital edition, on our new more interactive platform, in your e-mail inbox: www.csemag.com/ subscribe. Subscribe directly to e-newsletters, and receive focused technical content on a regular basis. Subscribe at www. csemag.com/newsletters. Select from: CSE Codes & Standards Electrical Solutions Energy Solutions Fire & Life Safety HVAC Solutions News Watch Product & Media Showcase Pure Power Consulting-Specifying Engineer is now on Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Follow CSE, join the discussions, and receive news and advice from your peers. Facebook: www.facebook.com/CSEmag Google+: http://tinyurl.com/CSEgoogleplus LinkedIn: http://tinyurl.com/CSElinkedin Twitter: www.twitter.com/AmaraRozgus Consulting-Specifying Engineers Product of the Year contest is a premier award for new products in the HVAC, fire, electrical, and plumbing systems engineering markets. Review the 2012 POY finalists on page 45 and cast your vote for your favorite product online at www. csemag.com/votePOY. The winners will be announced in the September 2012 issue of CSE and online.
9% 28%
6%
57%
Codes and odes standards andards

Read the roundtable discussion about international projects on page 8. For more poll results, visit www.csemag.com/poll/cse.
Fire systems: Protecting hospitals

On Thursday, April 19, 2012, at 2 p.m. CST, earn 0.1 CEUs or 1.0 PDHs by joining Consulting-Specifying Engineer for a webcast on fire and life safety systems in hospitals. Register at www.csemag.com/upcoming-webcasts. Topics will include: NFPA 99-2012 revisions Functions of NFPA 99-2012 An overview of the changes in NFPA 99 since 2005 Differences between public and private operating needs Audible and visible notification code requirements Relocation and partial evacuation of buildings. If youre unable to attend the live webcast you can view it on demand after April 19, 2012, online at www.csemag.com/on-demand.
Are you an MEP Giant?

The MEP Giants program lists the top mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), and fire protection engineering firms in the United States. An in-depth analysis of these firms will reveal what is going on in the industry, and how it has changed over the past few years. The 2012 MEP Giants will appear in the August 2012 issue of Consulting-Specifying Engineer and online. To participate in the 2012 MEP Giants program and to view the 2010 or 2011 MEP Giants reports, visit www.csemag.com/giants.
Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012
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Editors Viewpoint
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CONTENT SPECIALISTS/ EDITORIAL

AMARA ROZGUS, Editor in Chief/Content Manager
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AMANDA MCLEMAN, Project Manager BOB VAVRA, Content Manager
Amara Rozgus Editor in Chief
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MARK HOSKE, Content Manager
The magic of innovation
PETER WELANDER, Content Manager
MICHAEL SMITH, Creative Director
630-779-8910, MSmith@CFEmedia.com
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

ANIL AHUJA, PE, LEED AP, RCDD,
President, CCJM Engineers, Chicago Senior Mechanical Engineer, Smith Seckman Reid Inc., Houston
PATRICK BANSE, PE, LEED AP, PAUL BEARN, PE,
Associate Electrical Services Engineer, KlingStubbins, Philadelphia Principal, Metro CD Engineering LLC, Dublin, Ohio Fire Protection Engineer, Clark County Building Division, Las Vegas
MICHAEL CHOW, PE, LEED AP BD+C, DOUGLAS EVANS, PE, FSFPE, RAYMOND GRILL, PE, FSFPE,
Principal, Arup, Washington, D.C.
President, Environmental Systems Design Inc., Chicago President, Conservation Lighting Intl. and Building Conservation Intl., Philadelphia Managing Principal, EYP Mission Critical Facilities Inc., Chicago Electrical Engineer CH2M Hill, Portland, Ore.
RAJ P. GUPTA, PE, LEED AP, GERSIL KAY,
WILLIAM KOSIK, PE, LEED AP,
TIMOTHY E. KUHLMAN, PE, RCDD,

President, Lane Coburn & Assocs., Seattle
KEITH LANE, PE, RCDD, LC, LEED AP,

President, Lovorn Engineering Assocs., Pittsburgh
KENNETH L. LOVORN, PE, ALI MAHMOOD, PE,
Senior Mechanical Engineer, Stanley Consultants Inc., Chicago Associate Principal, Arup, Los Angeles Senior Engineer, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., Cambridge, Mass. President, CEO, The RJA Group Inc., Framingham, Mass. Senior Manager, M+W Zander U.S. Operations Inc., Chicago
ERIN MCCONAHEY, PE,
SYED PEERAN, PE, Ph.D.,
MARTIN H. REISS, PE, FSFPE, BRIAN RENER, PE, LEED AP, DAVID SELLERS, PE,
Senior Engineer, Facility Dynamics Engineering Inc., Portland, Ore. Principal, Senior Electrical Engineer, TLC Engineering for Architecture, Jacksonville, Fla. Principal, AEI/Affiliated Engineers Inc., Madison, Wis. Principal, GRAEF, Milwaukee
GERALD VERSLUYS, PE, LEED AP, MIKE WALTERS, PE, LEED AP, PETER D. ZAK, PE,
hat do the automated teller machine, Kodak Photo CD, and the fax machine have in common? On the surface, it doesnt seem like much. Each of these products, however, started out as an awardwinning technology in the pages of a magazine. Government labsand some private firmshave spent countless dollars and hours on basic research. Basic research is the purest form of research, often without specific monetary goals or timelines. Researchers often head into a lab to build a better mousetrap or better understand fundamental principles, and come away with something that changes our everyday lives. Basic research is debatable; some feel that this free-form research with no direct or immediate commercial benefits holds no place in our society. Others believe that basic research leads to innovations beyond our wildest dreams. Either way you look at it, researchers have brought us some pretty cool stuff. In addition to the three products mentioned above, the halogen lamp, Nicoderm anti-smoking patch, and HDTV debuted in the pages of R&D Magazine as winners of the R&D 100 Awards. While some of them may have been mistakes in the lab, others may have been developed to enhance
technology already in place or to beat the competitionand make more money. In the case of this publication, government laboratoriesa hotbed of basic researchdont participate in our top products competition, the Product of the Year awards. We do, however, see some of the most innovative companies enter the competition. These firms encourage and award innovation, so its no surprise that they compete year after year. Last years Product of the Year Most Valuable Product is an example of thatthe winning company continuously develops and produces new technologies. While the Product of the Year finalists in electrical distribution or plumbing and water management may not seem as cutting-edge as the liquid crystal display or Taxol anticancer drug (also R&D 100 Award winners), they undoubtedly make our buildings a little smarter, our planet a little greener, and our lives a little better. Voting for the Product of the Year program remains open until June 29. I encourage you to select the next hot technology in the building and engineering field. Youll be selecting the gold, silver, and bronze winner in each category. Then, with your creative juices flowing, go back to your workshop and engineer a better mousetrap.
Send your questions and comments to:

ARozgus@CFEMedia.com
www.csemag.com
PARTICIPANTS
MEP Roundtable
Paul Bearn, PE Electrical services engineer, KlingStubbins, Philadelphia
World of difference
Conducting business overseas can be a challenge of global proportions. Figure in language barriers, culture clashes, lack of adequate infrastructure, and climate differences, and a project that would be difficult even in your home country becomes downright daunting. Here, engineers with experience on international projects offer worldly advice.
CSE: Please describe a recent international project youve worked onshare problems youve encountered, how youve solved them, and aspects of the project youre especially proud of.
Robert Bolin, PE, LEED Fellow, ASHRAE HBDP Senior vice president National director, High performance solutions, Syska Hennessy Group Inc., Chicago
Mehdi Jalayerian PE, LEED AP BD+C Executive vice president, Global practice, Environmental Systems Design Inc., Chicago
Erin McConahey, PE, LEED AP Principal, Arup, Los Angeles
Paul Bearn: Weve been involved in various projects in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. The greatest technical challenges have been in understanding local construction practices, product availability, and code requirements. The initial solution to all three problems is additional technical research; experience makes these all less of a burden over time. The language barrier can be challenging, although its really not the obstacle one might expect as the rest of the world is accustomed to doing business in English. Cultural differences and expectations can lead to confusion more often than language does; internal discussions of the issues encountered coupled with Internet research on cultural differences can be quite helpful here, and such problems similarly diminish over time with experience. Mehdi Jalayerian: We have found success working internationally when we have strong partnerships to develop solutions for challenges anywhere in the world. An example includes the Abu Dhabi financial center where our partnerships, both domestic and international, have worked together with our client and contractors to design and assist with construction oversight and commissioning of a major mixed-use development. By having strong relationships prior to encountering project challenges, we
were able to develop solutions quickly to maintain the developments momentum. Erin McConahey: [We did a] recent confidential design project in the Middle East. Primary problems were related to lack of information on site utilities as the landmass was being created simultaneous to the design process. Additionally, getting paid in a timely manner was an issue. These remain problems. The design aspects of the work are quite involved technically and with regard to multidisciplinary integration and coordination, so the team is quite proud of the work.
CSE: How did your firm decide to branch out and seek international work? Jalayerian: Our firm has been working internationally for more than 30 years. Initially, we pursued international work as a consultant for firms we have had long-standing relationships with. Through teaming with local partners, we used our strength in providing sustainable and practical MEP designs for projects. During the boom of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we opened an office and made a commitment to growing our business throughout the Middle East. We now have people living in the UAE as well as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and have begun hiring locally and integrating expats with local talent. The decision to place roots in the Middle East came after several years of experience with various state-of-theart projects. We see growth in the region for the high level of consulting engineering our firm provides.
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Bearn: As weve increased our interna-
experience have led to repeat business.

CSE: Have you increased or decreased the number of international projects your firm takes on? Bearn: Over the last five or 10 years, the growth rate was quite dramatic. Going forward, it appears the level may stabilize somewhat, neither growing nor contracting as an overall percentage. Jalayerian: For the past 20 years, we have seen steady growth in the number of international projects that require highperformance designs. Our long history of providing practical, efficient, and sustainable MEP designs has helped to grow our share of international projects. CSE: What are some of the most notable differences between international projects and domestic projects? Robert Bolin: This depends on market sector. Certain international hospital projects embrace the notion of operable windows in part of the building much more readily than in the U.S. This is usually culturally driven, what they have historically incorporated, and the local codes will often allow this whereas it can be much more challenging to incorporate in the U.S. We also have found in the more recent international projects a willingness to incorporate innovative solutions and strategies that often are cut from U.S. projects. So there has been an opportunity to test new and alternative approaches and technologies in some international projects (by no means all), that then find their way back into U.S. projects after they have been successfully implemented elsewhere. McConahey: Familiarity with codes, local practices, available materials, and cultural expectations. Our best work occurs when the U.S. office is supporting an architectural team, and our remote
tional experience and exposure, we find not only that repeat customers and new foreign clients are growing the market for us, but that our global U.S. clients are also now inviting us to participate in international projects whereas previously they might have considered us only for projects at homeso its quite likely this trend will continue through and beyond the current U.S. economic recovery.
CSE: In which countries are you seeing the most success, and why? Jalayerian: We are currently focused on the Middle East and India. When reviewing emerging or growing economies, we believe there is going to be long-term growth in the Middle East, India, and Asia. Coupled with long-term economic growth, we have gained institutional knowledge of how to immerse our effort within the business cultures of the Middle East and India and provide value-added services. We believe we are seeing success due to our commitment to these regions and our understanding of the value proposition our clients seek in these locations. McConahey: Generally speaking in terms of economic outlook of the local industries, East Asia is doing quite well at the moment, followed somewhat by stability in the Australasia region. Europe and the United Kingdom are suffering, and in the Americas, growth is very market-driven and secondarily localitydriven. Bearn: The unprecedented economic growth in China has led to several successful data center, pharmaceutical, and commercial projects for us; the Latin America and the Middle East economies are similarly growing while also still undergoing rapid development, and weve experienced similar successes there. In other regions, such as Russia, business relationships and niche technical
office is within the construction area anticipated and already has relationships with the local authorities, officials, and construction partners. Jalayerian: We have found many of these opportunities are at a scale unfathomable in the U.S. In the U.S., privately owned institutions plan new or major projects based on micro-economic conditions. An example is a hospital or a university may develop a master plan for a campus and implement the plan over 10 to 15 years. Internationally, our clients are planning, designing, and constructing major healthcare cities and university towns that incorporate all of the components in a single development. Due to speed of development, the delivery process for international projects requires a practical and quick response approach for a successful development.
CSE: What types of projects are you most likely to work on outside the U.S.for example, do you tend to see more retrofits than new construction, or more of any one type of project? Bearn: Our international projects
have been almost exclusively new construction. However, the market sectors involved range widely, including offices, hotels, residential, manufacturing, laboratories, universities, government facilities, and data centers, with no clear single dominant project type. Jalayerian: For our firm, it is mostly new construction for large-scale complex projects where full design team integration is crucial to proposing innovative design solutions. Examples include the net-zero design for the Masdar World Headquarters in Abu Dhabi, UAE (100,000 sq meters); Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (the worlds tallest); and the Abu Dhabi Financial Center in Abu Dhabi, UAE (large-scale, mixed-use development on
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MEP Roundtable
Sowah Island). Each of these developments required design team integration from the start as well as strong partnerships with local firms with the ability to produce tender documents through a thorough understanding of the design intent. McConahey: We would almost always do new construction. Occasionally, we will do due-diligence studies for Ameribe successful through collaboration. As true in the U.S., diversity leads to expanding knowledge, innovation, and success when approached in a respectful manner. This does not necessarily mean there arent bumps in the road, but when there is an underlying respect and the entire team is focused on contributing to the success of the project, cultural clashes diminish. requires new utilities. These types of new developments provide greater opportunities for overall energy-efficiency strategies that include central (district) cooling/ heating/power generation plants as well as self-contained potable water supply and sewage treatment systems. We work closely with project planners and civil engineers to integrate these infrastructure facilities into the developments. Bearn: While such conditions certainly exist and persist in many regions of the world, there is generally little evidence of this in the areas weve been involved in, but others experiences may vary greatly. That said, a sense of adventure and a bit of common sense always come in handy when exploring, both at home and abroad.
CSE: Please describe a situation on an international project where regional codes and standards presented a challenge, and how you worked to overcome that challenge. Bearn: The electrical systems can be strikingly different, even when working in countries which reference U.S. building codes. In countries such as Saudi Arabia, both U.S. and European codes coexist; it can be unclear exactly which code is applicable and its often a contractual requirement to adhere to both sets of codes despite conflicts between them. A quite different problem is faced in China, where the Guo Biao codes are written in a style less like the strict requirements of the U.S. and more like a design guideline, which can lead to difficulty in interpreting and understanding them. Jalayerian: Each countrys building codes are developed based on local knowledge and practices for construction and life safety. Often times the local codes and standards cannot be effectively applied to modern projects envisioned for such locations. Although the lack of applicability of local codes presents a challenge to building design professionals, it presents the opportunity to help the local community of building authorities,
Each of these developments required design team integration from the start as well as strong partnership with local firms with the ability to produce tender documents. Mehdi Jalayerian
can clients interested in evaluating capital investment opportunities in a foreign country. Bolin: We generally see much more new construction than renovation in our international projects, and they are either typically larger projects where the client desires an international engineer as part of the team, or in a particular market sector where our firm has significant expertise and experiencedata centers, healthcare, aviation, mixed-use, super tall towers.
CSE: Outside of occasional language barriers, do you ever encounter culture clashes on international projects? McConahey: As a woman, when I was younger, I ran into the occasional person who was less likely to acknowledge my direct contributions. This happens less frequently now that I am a principal within the firm. My experience is that when I directly show that I have expert knowledge, the concerns regarding my gender disappear in the technical realm, and we establish understandings related to cultural norms regarding proximity, dress, and interaction patterns. Jalayerian: For the most part, people throughout the world have a better understanding of English than many Americans have of other languages. Culturally, there is an understanding that there are differences leading to opportunities for all parties to Bearn: Cultural differences become apparent quickly. One is quickly warned that to drink water during Ramadan would be insultingeven during an all-day presentation. And stories regarding the presentation of business cards in China and Japan are now clich here but still hold true. Fortunately, we foreigners are usually afforded a bit more leeway with such slips of social etiquette than natives might be, usually amounting to a few awkward moments. Moreover, theres typically a great deal of interest on both sides to learn more about each others culture and language; exploring the differences can be a great way to build relationships and put everyone at ease. There can be areas of greater concern thoughfor example, differences in whats implied by a contract. The same cultural affinity for business that might fascinate an American tourist when haggling for souvenirs can distress an American project manager as he discovers that a contract signing is only a formality, signifying the start of renegotiations. CSE: Do you ever encounter challenges or problems due to lack of access to infrastructure (potable water, electrical utilities, poor road conditions, etc.)? Jalayerian: Many of the projects we are working on include new infrastructure because they are large-scale developments in newly developed land that
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utility companies, fire brigades, contractors, and owner-operators to become familiar first-hand with solutions that are typically outside the scope of local codes and experience. An example is the location of electrical transformers within a building and especially for high-rise structures. In the U.S., common practice includes transformers located at grade as well as above-grade levels to allow economy of installation by locating transformers as close as possible to the load centers while improving overall performance and reliability. European standards somewhat limit the location of transformers to mostly on-grade; Chinese standards have now recognized the advantage of cost saving and reliability and mostly require it as a base solution; Middle Eastern jurisdictions did not allow this approach but are evolving toward such concepts and in recent years have adapted building code revisions to
specifically allow this important design flexibility.

CSE: What surprises, if any, have you encountered in the area of codes and standards on your international projects? Bolin: The variation of the codes and standards from international location to location can quickly become overwhelming. In rapidly emerging international locations, the speed of development has also given rise to very rapidly changing codes and standards, so what is applicable to one project can quickly change for the next. McConahey: There is no consistency in the source of the adopted codes; for instance, electrical codes may be heavily influenced by British standards, fire codes may be influenced by American International Codes and the National Fire
Protection Assn. (NFPA), and plumbing codes may be influenced by the Uniform Codes. Additionally, often the codes are written prescriptively for small size buildings. Bearn: The differences are most evident in the codes concerned with immediate life safety. For example, in the U.S., the emergency power system codes focus a great deal of attention on the segregation of various electrical backup systems and transfer equipment based on their level of criticality; to my knowledge, there is no such requirement anywhere else in the world. In contrast, several other regions of the world have strict requirements for civil defense shelters not unlike the bomb shelters constructed during the Cold War era in U.S. buildings but almost unheard of here today.
CSE: Our audience poll respondents have indicated that codes and
MEP Roundtable
standards are their No. 1 challenge on international projects. Do you agree or disagree, and why? Jalayerian: I agree that the primary challenge of a building design in a given jurisdiction or country is the application of codes and standards. Engineering designs for any project must take into account the local codes and standards of practice, and particularly in the area of life safety. The selected/installed building systems must consider the applications/configurations that are in line with the local practices and do not impose unnecessary complication for the local municipality and civil defense. CSE: Whats the one factor most commonly overlooked in electrical systems on projects outside of the U.S.?
the U.S. that are designed for life safety according to NFPA but are using BS, or EN for electrical codes. This poses a conflict because NFPA refers to the National Electric Code, which has different requirements.
CSE: Please describe an international project on which you worked that had an especially unique or challenging electrical system. Jalayerian: Designing a major highrise in a developing country presented a real challenge, as that nations code and practice explicitly limits installing transformers on upper floors. The situation is generally aggravated by the local engineer of records refusal to champion the improved design with the local authorities. The approach we have recommended to overcome these variations in practices and to obtain a common understanding is to escort senior ministry officials to another foreign country where such installations have been implemented and are in operation for many years to get familiar with how we had addressed such an installation already on an existing high-rise building. Bearn: In addition to the language and code issues discussed above, an additional level of effort is required in understanding the local installation practices. For example, cable tray is used much more frequently for power distribution in other countries than it is in the U.S., even in light commercial applications. Significant construction cost savings can be realized using tray, but the design effort is significantly higher. The overall product marketplace can be quite different too: On a recent project in Saudi Arabia, we were asked to use a European emergency lighting system consisting of intelligent dc battery panels with integral ac/dc transfer switches serving fluorescent ballasts; the ballasts use one single pair of wires for ac power, dc power, and digital communications with the emergency lighting panels. Its a great system, but its not yet approved for use in the
Bearn: Backup power systems need to
be reviewed in detail early on in the projects conceptual phase. Such systems can have a substantial physical requirement for building footprint, fuel storage, and air intake, and can have a high cost associated with them. In addition, the code and product listing requirements vary greatly from country to country. Local expectations vary too: in the Middle East, it is common knowledge that domestic
I am anxious for the day when the International Building Code (IBC) is truly recognized as just that so that there is more consistency around the globe. Robert Bolin
Bearn: Id certainly agree with that, especially when entering a market for the first time. Foreign codes are organized quite differently from U.S. codes, making it difficult to determine which codes are applicable and which codes must be purchased. Quite a few foreign codes and ordinances are officially available only in their native language; third-party translations are sometimes available but they are not inexpensive and the quality of the translation varies. Of course, just as with U.S. codes, familiarity and experience with the codes diminishes these problems over time. McConahey: I agree. It is quite essential to have someone on the ground who understands the nuances and knows the official. Authorities have great personal power in determining an interpretation, especially on nonstandard projects. Bolin: Yes, I would tend to agree. I am anxious for the day when the International Building Code (IBC) is truly recognized as just that so that there is more consistency around the globe, recognizing that there will always be some local and regional differences.
water pumps are always provided with generator power, even if there is no written requirement to do so; this may surprise uninitiated Western designers. Jalayerian: Differences in wiring devices and methods are the most obvious items that can be overlooked in electrical systems design. What are not obvious are the differing conceptual approaches of some counties regarding electrical demand factors. Many countries have a different concept of demand factors at main transformers, and even receptacle socket outlet quantities and their relation to overall building electrical demand factors. The approach outside of the U.S. is typically more conscious of conserving materials and of designing less capacity than would be common in a domestic design. McConahey: Local codes and practices; generally a project refers to a specific countrywide code like the British Standards (BS), or European standards (EN), etc., but little is stated or written of what local authorities may expect and/ or require. Sometimes multiple codes are stipulated which may conflict with other codes. An example is buildings outside
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U.S. Similarly, seemingly small details such as convenience receptacle configurations can absorb a surprising amount of time on international projects, such as on a hotel project where the owner is catering to an international clientele or a laboratory which purchases its equipment from the global marketplace and hosts international scientists. Universal multistandard outlets are available which can greatly simplify this problem, but only where their use has been approved by the local listing or standards authority.
CSE: What changes in fire protection systems have you seen in international projects recently? What do you see changing in the near future? Jalayerian: As jurisdictions have adapted provisions of the
of its code, either in scope and/or complexity, its a challenge helping the local building authorities to get comfortable with engineered performance-based solutions. At times this requires bringing representatives of that countrys authorities/ministries to a different country to get familiar with how weve addressed similar challenges already on an existing tower. Sometimes facilitating discussion on-site between the authorities of the two counties is helpful. McConahey: The challenges on international high-rise project relate back to understanding the regulatory framework. What may be a common practice in the U.S. may be groundbreaking territory in a foreign country. Design considerations for issues such as smoke control, refuge floors, and the use of elevators vary greatly and must be understood by the entire design team as early as possible in the project.
CSE: What experience have you had with sustainability concerns on international projects? Bearn: Sustainability is a global concern; the focus on sustainability is not at all unlike that at home. Bolin: Not surprisingly, there is no one size fits all in terms of defining sustainability requirements or aspirations for any
IBC and applied more international practice standards, products and systems have similarly changed to reflect more universally accepted applications. McConahey: While I do not have direct experience with the systems on a project, it is my understanding that the use of water mist fire protection systems in place of traditional fire sprinkler systems is becoming more common. This approach is interesting in that the impacts of water damage could be significantly reduced for buildings or facilities where operational downtime must be minimized. Looking to the future, the prevalence of using elevators as a life safety system to facilitate more efficient evacuation for high-rise building is expected to grow.
CSE: What fire/life safety factors might engineers overlook on international projects? McConahey: I think that the No. 1 most important issue for fire and life safety consultants working internationally is to verify the applicable local building/fire authority requirements as soon as possible. Many international jurisdictions have practices and procedures that can be much more restrictive than are commonly enforced in the U.S. Jalayerian: While following international standards in name, the authorities in some countries appear to be less open to the exceptions within these codes. Its important to be knowledgeable of the unwritten requirements and local amendments that provide further definition for their application to local practice. Additionally, engineers shouldnt overlook the availability of qualified maintenance; this may lead to designs depending less on sophisticated engineering support. CSE: Describe a recent high-rise project on which you worked. What were the challenges of working on this type of building in a foreign country? Jalayerian: Any time we design a tower that far exceeds a countrys previous experience and the explicit prescriptive scope
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MEP Roundtable
projects, whether in the U.S. or internationally. What we do find consistent, however, is that most clients on large projects want their buildings to address improved energy, water, and material efficiency in some way, but want capital and lifecycle economics to justify it. around the world. But various international markets have moved aggressively to either license LEED and update to reflect local and regional priorities (like Canada), or have developed their own rating systems specific to their own needs (like Estidama in Abu Dhabi, Green Star online weather tapes. Bolin: Hot and humid climates pose the greatest challenges, in my experience. Moisture entrainment into buildings and outdoor ventilation air temperature and moisture content both need to be carefully controlled to ensure appropriate indoor air quality. This becomes increasingly important as hydronic cooling systems such as radiant ceilings and slabs and chilled beams become more mainstream for providing comfort cooling to buildings. We are using building performance modeling tools for energy, solar/daylight, and airflow management simulation on most projects now, regardless of region. Jalayerian: Building designs in the hot climatic conditions such as Middle East are the most challenging as they require higher interaction and coordination with the entire design team to achieve the highest level of energy efficiency. The HVAC systems selection and design are established based on the buildings architectural enclosure and its orientation. Solar analysis tools as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis software can greatly assist the engineers and architects to integrate system solutions that holistically view the performance of the building environment.
CSE: How do available technologies and demand for new products vary from region to region? McConahey: The application of vari-
I just think that it is necessary to understand the climate very well and to listen to local people who understand unique seasonal differences that might not appear explicitly in online weather tapes. Erin McConahey
Jalayerian: Sustainability and building
energy efficiency is an integral part of our practice for all of our designs and within any jurisdiction. Certainly where there has been a strong desire by the building owner for the highest level of energy efficiency, we have worked to enhance our design to achieve higher standards of practice. An example is our integrated MEP design for the net-zero energy Masdar Headquarters in Abu Dhabi, which incorporates highperformance building systems solutions. The project design includes low energy consumption and produces 3% more energy that it consumes. Furthermore, we have provided integrated MEP design for a high-rise building in Seoul, South Korea, which achieves the highest energy efficiency grade given to a building in South Korea by the local independent construction institutes.
CSE: How often do you work on international Green Building Council or Green Globes projects? Which program is more accepted internationally? McConahey: We have primarily seen
in Australia, the Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE) in Japan, the Green Building Certification Systems (GBCS) in Korea, 3-Star in China, etc.). Regardless of the certification program, we do see the vast majority of our international projects seeking some type of environmental certification. Jalayerian: We see Green Building Council as well as Green Globe used by many international jurisdictions to establish a benchmark for local practices. Many international jurisdictions are writing and adapting their own method to grade sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings. Some jurisdictions, such as Abu Dhabi, are adapting green design requirements as an integral part of building codes and approval process.
CSE: In your experience, which climate region is the most difficult to design for? What unique HVAC tools have you used? McConahey: I find hot/humid climates
the use of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) LEED standard over any international code; we have also seen countries write their own green building code. Bolin: We find that LEED and the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) remain the market leaders in terms of environmental certification programs
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particularly challenging from a dehumidification and energy use point of view. Dedicated outside air systems with total heat recovery are necessary in these areas. That said, I think it is difficult because it is quite different from my experience in the dry Southwestern U.S. I just think that it is necessary to understand the climate very well and to listen to local people who understand unique seasonal differences that might not appear explicitly in
ous technologies is as much a matter of taste as it is economics. Eye-catching media architecture projects are tough to keep in a project here in the U.S. The overt nature of the technology is seen sometimes in the states as being too much of a statement, often with costs coming in as secondary issues, if the financial models are correct. Where in Asia, these cutting-edge media architecture technologies are seen as fashionable and energetic ways to create icons. Simultaneously, advances in white light LED are really being pushed by the U.S. and European markets.
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Tips for effective meetings

Schedule and run efficient meetings with these simple tips.
eetings. The very word conjures Dilbert comic strips, snarky notes on appointment calendars, and frustrated sighs as workers gather around the conference table like buffalo at a watering hole. Often, there is no agenda, no goal, no central question to be answered. Just a round of talking heads rattling off updates to a project manager, who may ask a question or two. Meetings can be problematic not just because they are improperly planned, but also because they are improperly attended. But heres a twist: The bad reputation that meetings have are an opportunity for you to advance your career through differentiation. Simply put, planning and facilitating crisp and effective meetings will help establish you as an effective leader or manager.
Plan for crisply segmented meetings
time period for discussion, and it will identify the person who will lead the discussion. How much time should a discussion have? Try this rule of thumb: Guesstimate how much discussion time a group needs, add about 3 minutes for final decisions, and then cut that total by 30%. So if you think finalizing the short list will take about 20 minutes, add 3 minutes, then cut 23 minutes by 30% and allot 17 minutes. When segmenting meetings, eschew 5-minute intervals. Shorter, choppy time frames set a tone of planning and urgency while still providing time for substantive deliberation. They also alert participants to come prepared.
Delegate and empower
of everything said, but just the most important points, decisions, and action items. This sounds like a lot, so provide the note-taker with a template that has the agenda built into it as well as the e-mail addresses of the participants.
Facilitate
First, invite only the people who need to be there and provide them with an agenda at least several days in advance. State the purpose of the meeting at the top of the agenda, and identify who will keep time and who will take notes. As facilitator, you need to focus on accomplishing the objective of the meeting, so have others help with the logistics. The agenda also needs clear outcomes stated in actionable terms. These outcomes are written directly below the stated purpose, for example: Purpose: Select a boiler manufacturer for new hospital. Action item: Project team will determine the boiler manufacturer short-list. Each outcome will have a designated
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As mentioned earlier, each meeting should have at least three roles: the facilitator, a timekeeper, and a notetaker. Make assignments in advance when planning the agenda, rotating the roles if possible. Timekeepers move meetings along; theyre vital to staying on track. Have them call out 2 minutes when the allotted time segment is closing. This way, you, the facilitator, can call for a final word, last question, or confirming consensus vote or decision. The note-taker role involves more than recording action items and important decisions; the note-taker is best suited to wrap up the meeting by reading these items aloud, obtaining confirmation, and e-mailing the notes to all while sitting at the table as the meeting closes. Notes are not transcriptions
Being mindful of the behavior patterns of participants is important. Plan in advance how you will deal with people you will need to interrupt, and how you will do so. Facilitators are obligated to interrupt others respectfully when a discussion is getting off task. You also need to engender participation from people who may be shy or have other difficulties communicating. Diplomatically informing such people ahead of time that you will be calling upon them will allow them to prepare what they will say. Holding crisp, decisive meetings will make you a hero. And you should expect your effective meetings will pressure others to follow your lead. Smith is the department chair of the Curriculum, Language, and Literacy program at Concordia University Chicago. She has more than 12 years of experience in adult teaching and training and has published feature articles on mentoring and training in ConsultingSpecifying Engineer. Smith also provides research and training services to firms in the buildings industry on a variety of career skills topics ranging from networking to public presentations.
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Codes & Standards

HVAC: documenting ASHRAE 62.1 compliance
Standard 62.1 specifies minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide IAQ to building occupants.
By J. Patrick Banse, Pe, Smith Seckman Reid Inc., Houston
NSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, including normative Appendix A and approved Addenda A, C, D, and E contained in the 2011 Supplement, form the current version of the standard. The standard is noted by ANSI as a consensus standard, meaning it was developed and approved by concurrence of more than a simple majority that reached a substantial agreement by directly and materially affected interest categories. The standard also contains Appendixes B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J, which are termed informative and are not part of the standard. However, these appendixes contain valuable information regarding methods of compliance and documentation required by the standard. As with any code or standard, it must be read in its entirety to determine the applicability to the specific project or task at hand. The standard by itself is not a code nor is it enforceable, unless it has been adopted by reference by an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Portions of this standard, such as ventilation rate tables and formulas, have already been incorporated into some of the model building codes. As with any code or standard incorporated by reference, it is incumbent upon the designer to discuss the requirements and applicability with the AHJ. The purpose of the standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality (IAQ) that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects. It applies to most all occupancy and use types of new buildings, additions to existing buildings, and changes to existing buildings as identified in the standard. It defines requirements and air-cleaning system
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design, installation, and operation and maintenance (O&M). Other codes and standards may have ventilation requirements that should also be considered. Documentation of all aspects of the project ventilation is required as it is defined within the standard. The documentation is required to be formal and is specifically listed in Sections 4 (Outdoor Air Quality), 5 (Systems and Equipment), 6 (Procedures: Ventilation Rate Procedure; IAQ Procedure; Natural Ventilation Procedure); and 7 (Construction and Startup). Section 4 requires that the outdoor air quality be investigated by the designer and both the regional air quality (geographic) and the local air quality (building site) be documented and discussed with the building owner or representative. Conclusions regarding the discussion and acceptability should remain in the project file. Section 5 relates to the systems and equipment in the project and requires the design documents to specify minimum requirements for air balance and testing. Design assumptions with respect to ventilation rates and air distribution and effectiveness (clarified by Addendum A) must be clearly stated within the design documentation. A personal preference is to show these design criteria on the mechanical project cover sheet. Additionally, mechanical ventilation system controls (clarified in Addendum E) and sequences must clearly show that minimum outdoor airflow is provided at all times as required by Section 6 under any load conditions. Air cleaning, outdoor air intake locations, minimization of rain intrusion, exfiltration (building pressurization) clarified in Addendum C, drain pans, access for cleaning and mainte-
As with any code or standard, Standard 62.12010 must be read in its entirety to determine the applicability to the specific project or task at hand.
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Codes & Standards

nance, air distribution systems, air classification as noted in the ventilation standard tables, and the supply, return, and exhaust systems and construction requirements must be clearly shown and documented. When required, a summary of each HVAC system may be necessary to show compliance. method by the designer requires that a written description of the equipment, methods, control sequences, setpoints, and the intended operational function shall be provided. A table showing minimum and maximum outdoor air intake airflow for each system shall also be provided. Documentation for the IAQ proceStandard 92.1-2010 by dure requires the design documents Ventilation procedures to include: contaminants of conThere are three ventilation proceitself is not a code nor is it cern considered, sources and emisdures described in Section 6: The enforceable, unless it has sion rates, concentration limits and Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP), exposure periods, and the analytical the IAQ Procedure, and the Natubeen adopted by reference approach used to determine ventilaral Ventilation Procedure. Any of by an authority having tion rates and air cleaning. Contamithese procedures may be used to nant monitoring and evaluation plans satisfy the ventilation required as jurisdiction. must also be included. The IAQ proeach have specific requirements and are viewed as being a valid basis of design as long as they are cedure may be combined with the VRP and documented as to properly documented. In each case, the exhaust requirements of how the ventilation rates and air-cleaning were achieved. Table section 6.5 (clarified in Addendum d) must be met. The VRP is H-4 in the Appendix may be used to properly show the IAQ a prescriptive method based on minimum ventilation rates in the procedure with the requirements of Section 6.3. The Natural Ventilation Procedure is required to be designed breathing zone based on occupancy type, number of occupants, quality of outdoor air, distribution effectiveness, and class of in accordance with proper opening sizes and locations as well air. Formulas in the standard are used to determine the breath- as to the minimum ventilation rates required by Section 6.2 ing zone ventilation air of each space and occupancy density. and/or 6.3 of the standard. The documentation for this proTable H-3 in the Appendix identifies a clear way to document cedure must include all design criteria and assumptions as the ventilation airflow for each space. Documentation for this well as system operation requirements to achieve the required outdoor airflow. Section 7 identifies requirements during the construction and system start-up phases of the project. Items included in this section are protective measures, cleanliness, air filters, HVAC test and balance, and drain pan testing. The contractor is required to provide this documentation to the building owner or representative that consists of O&M manuals, HVAC control Free REVIT and BIM 3D system description with schematics and sequences, air balance CAD files for virtually report, construction drawings, and design criteria and assumpevery Metraflex product. tions. Section 8 of the standard is concerned with O&M and the requirements apply to buildings and their ventilation systems Just a couple of clicks. and components constructed or renovated after adoption of this section. The engineer and facility manager should discuss these For details click to: requirements with the AHJ to determine if and how compliance www.metraflex.com/revit with this section may be required. Inclusion of this standard through reference by an AHJ will require both the designer and contractor to provide detailed information both on the design drawings and after installation is complete to show not only compliance, but methods used to achieve and maintain the requirements during building operation. Rethinking how information is presented on drawings and what additional information is required post-construction may reduce the potential anxiety of 62.1-2010 compliance.
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Classifying
By Brian a. rener, Pe, LeeD aP, M+W Group, Chicago
generator power sources

The NEC has several categories that apply to generator power sources. It is important to review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source.
he term emergency generator is often used mistakenly as a description of any type of generator used to provide power in a facility. However, it is important that the engineer review the code requirements when deciding on the classification of an alternate power source. The NEC has several categories that apply to generator power sources: emergency, legally required standby, and optional standby systems. A newer classification, critical operations power systems (COPS) was added in the 2008 NEC. These system classifications affect how generators are applied within the distribution system. There are big differences between these types of systems. When communicating with code officials, it is important to use the correct termemergency or standbyand not mix up the two, unless you have a system with both types of loads.
Several relevant codes and standards have requirements for these classifications: n NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, Articles 700, 701, 702, 708 n NFPA 99: Health Care Facilities n NFPA 101: Life Safety Code n NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems n ANSI/IEEE Std 446, Emergency and Standby Power Systems n UL 1008 Automatic Transfer Switches. NEC Article 700 classifies emergency systems as those systems legally required and classified as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other coded, or by any governmental agency having jurisdiction. The NEC further states that these systems ... automatically supply illumination, power or both essential for safety to human life. In practical terms this normally includes providing
Figure 1: This computer rendering shows M+W Groups leading-edge prototype design for a new modular data center. The design provides for incremental build strategies using optional standby generators, dual feeds, and double-ended substations in each module to allow for concurrent maintainability at virtually any point in the system. This electrical and mechanical system design allows any Tier level required up to and including a level of Tier 3. Optional standby power systems are paralleled outside in enclosures and can be added to a bus in either N or N+1 configurations using various types of generators including rotary coupled continuous power generator sets. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago
power to egress lighting, fire detection and protection, certain types of elevators, public safety communications, or any system where loss of power would cause serious endangerment to life or health within 10 secs of normal power loss. The NEC also contains requirements for legally required standby systems in Article 701. Code-required standby systems may include communications, selected ventilation or smoke removal systems, lighting, or certain types of industrial processes that may create hazards or hamper firefighting operations if power was not available. The code-required standby systems must be available within 60 secs and may be routed in the same raceway as normal power systems. Beyond emergency or standby systems, there are two other systems that can be applied as generator power sources. Optional standby systems (Article 702) consist of loads that do not affect life safety but would result in unacceptable financial or operational losses to a facility. Typical loads could include data processing, communication systems, refrigeration, selected HVAC loads, and manufacturing or critical industrial processes. Second, the 2008 version of the NEC added a new section on COPS (Article 708). These are systems, operations, or facilities designated by local, state, or federal government as mission
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Emergency power is required to be available within 10 secs or less. Standby systems must be available within 60 secs or less.
critical. Examples can include police or fire stations or other facilities for reasons of public safety, national security, or business continuity. This new section has some notable requirements for engineering practices like commissioning, which have long been practiced in data centers and other previously unclassified mission critical facilities.
Loading and generator sizing
Once the loads have been classified into either emergency or standby, we need to examine loading issues such as availability and sizing. Emergency power is required to be available within 10 secs or less. Standby systems must be available within 60 secs or less, according to the NEC.
In most electrical system sizing, demand or diversity is applied to the electrical loads. However, in both emergency and legally required standby systems the entire load must fully applied, without demand factors. This also includes the starting currents of motors on emergency systems. This is particularly important with loads like fire pumps. Optional standby systems may use load demands calculated using NEC or other methods It is highly recommend that a generator sizing program be used when calculating loads. Inductive loads, such as motors and transformers, present special concerns with inrush. Transformers, in particular, are overlooked in this regard when being energized by a generator. Electronic or nonlinear loads also present issues with
harmonics and voltage regulation. It is not uncommon for data centers to present leading power factor, which presents problems with voltage regulation. The power factor rating of generators should also be of particular note to engineers. Engine generators are kW limited, that is, they are rated using a 0.8 lagging power factor. Therefore, engineers need to focus on using the kW rating as well as the kVA rating of a generator. An additional consideration for sizing is that most engine-driven generator sets are rated for 77 F. You must derate 0.4% for every 10 F above 77 F. Most generator sets are rated for 3300 ft above sea level. You must derate the unit by 1.5% for every 1000 ft above that altitude. As part of the generator sizing, voltage drop is an issue with emergency or standby generators. Most systems can function with a 20% maximum voltage dip. However, certain systems require less. Examples of voltage drop requirements are shown in Table 1. When a single alternate power source, such as a generator, is used to supply both emergency and nonemergency loads, the system must be carefully reviewed. Emergency and nonemergency loads are allowed to be placed on a single generator under certain conditions. Unless the generator has the capacity to handle the full load (including starting currents), load shedding or sequencing must be implemented on the nonessential loads.
Power distribution requirements
Figure 2: Emergency circuit wiring must be routed separately from legally required or optional standby circuits. Courtesy: M+W Group Chicago
Under NEC, emergency circuit wiring must be routed separately from legally required or optional standby circuits (see Figure 2). However, legally required standby circuiting may be combined with optional and other loads. Emergency generator power distribution systems must also have fire protection when installed in buildings with occupancies of 1,000 people or greater, or in certain types of buildings that are taller than 75 ft. This fire protection shall be accomplished by one of two methods:
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Transfer switches in emergency systems
A
1. Installing the distribution in spaces protected by sprinklers, or 2. Providing a 2-hour-rated enclosure for the circuit wiring. The fire protection requirements also apply to the physical feeder circuit equipment itself (panels, transfer switches, etc.), which must be in 2-hour-rated rooms, or rooms with fire protection. Emergency and legally required standby generator power distribution systems also are required under the NEC to be selectively coordinated. This will require a protective device coordination study, looking at fault levels, and overcurrent devices to ensure that faults are isolated by opening the protective device nearest the fault, allowing the rest of the system to function. Optional standby systems are not required to be selectively coordinated. Another notable protection requirement is that emergency and legally required standby power systems are not to have ground fault protection, but rather ground fault alarms.
Fuel sources and environmental issues
utomatic transfer switches (ATSs) are by far the most commonly used form of transfer switches for emergency or legally required standby power systems. ATSs traditionally consist of switches but may also use a collection of motor-operated circuit breakers, or more recently may be solid-state static transfer switches if rated per UL 1008. ATSs contain voltage and frequency monitors that have settings when the primary power source has dropped out (typically 75% to 95% of normal levels) and when it has returned (typically 85% to 98% of normal levels). When the power has dropped below the preset level, the ATS will transfer to the alternate power source within a normally selectable time of 0 to 6 secs. Delays to retransfer back to normal power are provided from 0 to 30 min. This delay to retransfer is desirable to ensure that the normal power source has fully returned and is stable before retransferring. If the ATS is using a normally off-line power source, such as an emergency generator, the ATS will send a start signal to the generator. ATSs must be able to handle the anticipated full load current continuously for an anticipated minimum life of at least 20 years. Current ratings range from 30 to 4,000 amps. Typical ratings include 30, 40, 70, 80, 100, 150, 225, 260, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,600, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 amps. The engineer should select a transfer switch equal to or greater than the calculated continuous current. A transfer switch must be capable of withstanding and closing into the available fault current at its location in the system until the overcurrent protection device upstream clears the fault. The engineer should determine the available fault current at the transfer switch location and the ratings of the overcurrent protection devices to be used with the ATS. Methods for calculating short circuits and applying protective devices can are found in ANSI/IEEE Standard 242-2001: Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. In addition, UL 1008: Standard for Safety Automatic Transfer Switches lists minimum requirements and testing for ATSs including withstand ratings and coordination ratings with overcurrent protection. The engineer should be familiar with the contents of these publications before specifying and applying ATSs.
There are typically two fuel choices when considering generators: diesel and natural gas. Natural gas generators are normally used in optional standby systems and with generator less than 300 kW. When considering generators for emergency systems, the possible interruption of a natural gas utility source, and the 10-sec start-up time, normally leads engineers to specify diesel. However, dual-fuel generators may also be considered. The amount of on-site fuel should be sufficient to provide a minimum of 2 hours of run time. A rough rule of thumb for diesel consumption by a generator is 7 gal/hour for
every 100 kW of generator capacity. In many cases where generators used, the desired run times are much longer. It is not unusual to see 8, 24, or even 72 hours of fuel needed for some mission critical facilities. In these cases, the engineer will need to carefully examine where to store the fuel. Belly tanks under the generator are common, as are separate fuel tanks. The size of these storage tanks can be very significant, and the use of belly tanks may notably elevate the generator and require catwalks for access. NFPA 110 7.9.5 specifies a maximum of 660 gal diesel storage inside or on the roof of a structure.
Table 1: Examples of voltage drop limits for generator loads

System Fire pump controllers Elevator controllers UPS systems HID lighting Variable speed drives
Courtesy: Generac www.csemag.com
Voltage drop <15% NEC 695.7 (A) <15% <15% <20% <20%
The use of generators always requires a careful review of emissions requirements. EPA tier classifications range from T1 to T4, with T4 being the most clean type of generator. Local and state requirements will need to be reviewed for any new generator installed at a site. However, in many instances these requirements may be tied to whether the generator is used for emergency or standby uses. EPA defines an emergency generator as operating a maximum of 100 hours per year for testing, during times when the normal source is available. Specifically, the amount of anticipated time the generator will be running per year can affect environmental permitting. Locally based environmental engineers can assist with these code evaluations and permitting at the intended generator site.
Testing
For both emergency and legally required standby generators, testing is
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Generators are also used in critical operations power systems (COPS) defined under Article 708 of the NEC.
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1/9/2012 4:19:01 PM
Figure 3: In this installation, two 1 MW Generac Gemini units are fueled by diesel. The use of generatorswhether diesel, dual-fuel, or other sourcealways requires a careful review of emissions requirements. Courtesy: Generac
se201201_QTRpg_enewsltts.indd 1
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required. There are two types of tests to be performed: The first is an acceptance test done upon installation but before becoming operational. A good source for acceptance testing is ANSI/NETA ATS-2009. The second test is operational testing to be performed periodically, subject to the local authority, during the life of the system. NPFA 110-2010 has requirements for testing and maintenance procedures. Written records are to be maintained for either type of system. Of note, emergency systems are required to be tested under maximum anticipated load whereas legally required systems are required to be tested under load. As mentioned earlier, generators are also used in COPS defined under Article 708 of the NEC. This section goes beyond the testing required for emergency and legally required standby systems to require commissioning. Commissioning is a common practice in mission critical facilities and includes component, system, baseline, and functional performance tests. There are notable differences between emergency and standby generators within NEC. The engineer should be careful in using the terms, and understand the requirements, considerations, and specifications when designing generator power systems. Rener is manager, electrical platform leader and manager of quality assurance with M+W Group, Chicago. He is a member of the Consulting-Specifying Engineer editorial advisory board. This article is dedicated to his late father, Pierre J. Rener, who taught him and many others about effective communication, dedication to ones profession, and the importance of education and lifelong learning.
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Specifying LEDs for commercial use

Good lighting enhances design, conserves energy, and increases productivity, safety, security, personal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit.
BY GERSIL N. KAY, IESNA, Conservation Lighting International Ltd., Philadelphia
LitePad is a slim-profile, LED light source that creates a soft, even panel of light, as shown on this Christian Dior facade in New York City. With a unique form factor and lightweight design, LitePad can be used in locations where larger conventional luminaries simply cannot fit. Courtesy: Rosco
he philosopher Albert Borgmann said, Technology is most celebrated when it is most invisiblewhen the machinery is completely hidden, combining the simplicity of godlike effortlessness with blissful ignorance about the mechanisms that operate. Lighting, essential to see or do anything for life, work, or play, is such a basic technology. Today it is expected to be present everywhere, including the still-in-use 30 million commercial/ institutional structures erected in the United States prior to 1940, and even more residential units of that age. It is also the easiest discipline with which to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions. Unfortunately, lighting is often the last considered in planning and the first to be jettisoned in the budget crunch, when it should be designed as early as possible. Good lighting enhances all design, conserves energy, and increases productivity, safety, security, personal comfort, sales, attendance, and profit. On the other hand, artificial illumination could consume up to 40% of a commercial structures energy, and prolonged exposure to harmful infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by all light, natural and artificial, could accelerate disintegration of fugitive organic material components and contents (anything that once grew, like wood, paper, textiles, leather, ivory, lacquer, feathers, or bone). In lighting, one size/type does not fit all. There are many tools of differing
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energy efficiency available for the lighting designer. However, only if all the most energy-efficient technologies best suited to the particular application are known and used, can affordable, sustainable sophisticated illumination be created within the increasing energy conservation regulations. The best practice: Keep the design of task and atmospheric lighting as simple as possible.
Advances in lighting
Every day, there are many revolutionary developments in lighting. Light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are one. Semiconductor LEDs are solid state lighting (SSL) and, like glass fiber optics (GFO) functional architectural lighting, based on total internal reflection, they differ completely from conventional incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and metal halide lamps. LEDs are no longer an evolving topic but are now becoming mainstream for commercial or retail use, such as colleges/ universities, data centers, laboratories and research facilities, high-rise multipurpose buildings, offices, hospitals, hospitality, recreation, factory/storage facilities, theaters/assembly, museums, water features, landscapes, libraries, retail stores, and other nonresidential facilities. Illumination with LEDs could be functional (task, display, ambient, architectural features) or decorative. It may be interior or exterior, directional (spotlight), or ambient (general); automated or manually operated; wireless or wired; individually or centrally controlled with adjacent systems; or have special effects of color, motion, and dimming. Existing lighting fixtures may be retrofitted or historic light levels and colors recreated. Sustainability is based on each components life expectancy, not just that of the chip. Binning (assembly of chips) determines distance of light thrown, resolution, and angle of visibility. Color temperature of light is crucial. Higher Kelvin temperatures (4,100 K) allow older eyes to see better with less energy consumed. The color temperature selected depends upon the dcor, with lower Kelvin degrees (2,700 K) to enhance
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Restaurants benefit from various LED lights, as seen in this McDonalds. Courtesy: Cree
warm colors (red/yellow/orange), and higher ones for cool colors (blue/green, etc.). A new Color Rendering Index (CRI) from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST, part of the U.S. Department of Commerce) is based on vibrant rather than pastel colors. With LEDs, the metric sought is lumens (visible light output) rather than wattage (energy consumed). Lighting designers also should learn the light distribution, color quality and appearance, and shape and size of the bulb if retrofitting into an existing socket, as well as electrical compatibility with an existing system (transformer, dimmer, and connected load).
Where to start
Initially, a realistic lighting budget must be created so it will not be halved later, emasculating an originally good plan. Every area should have at least two light levels, to provide contrast and direction. Value engineering should not cheapen the design beyond expected usability. If specs are so reduced, the whole activity is a waste of effort and money. Better to do it right, in phases, when funds are available. To create clear, precise specifications, there is a learning curve to understand LED equivalency compared to conventional systems. Some of the LED differences from conventional lighting systems are: n Standards for comparison with conventional products are still not complete. n Price is high, but will decrease with increased quantities marketed.
n Sustainability and dependability: Although very energy-efficient, current LEDs could lose 30% of light level in only 25,000 hours (five years). Then this most expensive lighting may have to be replaced, making it less sustainable for permanent functional architectural uses. As an example, substitution with LED T8s has a proposed payback of two years, but todays stock-assembled components may only last for five years before light levels decrease below 70%, leaving a relatively short life, after which the illumination no longer performs as designed. n Smartest product decisions are made not on just the initial cost of the equipment alone, but on the total estimate for design, installation, interfaces, controls, programming, maintenance, operation, and final disposal of the system for the first five years of the source/system. This actual payback time is the deciding factor. n The SSL lifecycle length is based on the durability of all the LED components and how they are put together, not just the chips. The cheapest LEDs wont perform adequately because of this great disparity in quality of LEDs. You get what you pay for. n Binning is based on required resolution, distance of thrown light, and viewing angles. n Unless specifically designed, all lighting is vulnerable to temperature, vibration, electromagnetic interference, moisture, and voltage drops. Some, like compact fluorescents lights (CFLs), cannot be
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Lighting is the easiest discipline with which to conserve energy and reduce CO2 emissions.
Appropriate decorative fixtures, color, and light levels for the dcor have to be chosen. It is amazing how few educated people know what professional lighting designers are, or do, or their value to the building industry. Sometimes the client, dazzled by fanciful but misleading advertising, insists on a particular product or method that may not be the best lighting solution for that project. Diplomatic attempts should be made to dissuade such unwise choices. Likewise, aggressive energy conservation without an equal increase in productivity will inevitably fail. People always find ways to circumvent unwanted or impractical restrictions. Before starting any lighting design specs, there are preliminary steps. Resources should be consulted such as the National Electrical Code (NEC); International Assn. of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI); National Fire Protection Assn. (NFPA); UL; Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA); International Assn. of Lighting Designers (IALD); New Yorks State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO); National Park Service; Internal Revenue Service (IRS); National Electrical Contractors Assn. (NECA) and nonunion groups; Lighting Controls Assn. (LCC); International Energy Conservation Code (IECC); U.S. Green Building Council; Green Globes; Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); Building Owners and Managers Assn. International (BOMA); U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE); International Building Code (IBC); and federal, state, and local requirements. In certain geographical areas, seismic, wind, or water issues should be considered. Compare detailed photometric performance data using LM-79 and LM-80 for equivalency between conventional sources and newest technologies. Additional research may have to be made. Always seek third-party objective sources for information on and comparison of LED directionality, efficacy, and other properties. Check groups like the DOEs CALiPER program, Energy Star, and LED Lighting Facts for independent
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Lighting types directly affect humans perception of color. These LEDs are shown in a commercial retail store, installed in troffers. Courtesy: Cree
repeatedly turned on and off, or have to be burned in a certain position. n Additional energy may be needed with present LEDs to dissipate the excessive heat from the driver (ballast). Newer methods of disposing of heat produced by light could extend the designed LED light levels for much longer periods than now anticipated. n Extra air conditioning may be required n In retrofitting existing lighting fixtures with LEDs, there may not be sufficient space for dissipating heat. n Some LEDs, like halogen, are too glaring, n All LEDs may not be dimmable, and some marked dimmable are not dimmable, even with the right controller. n Flicker in dimming could be annoying or even physically sickening to some. n Some present LED light levels are still not high enough for some applications. n Is there sufficient color selection? Replacement of individual chips could be noticeable among older ones. n Some current white LEDs may change color unexpectedly. n Low-voltage LEDs require proper ballasts for fluorescent replacements. n Compatible interfaces and controls must be included. n With the speed of research and devel30
opment, some present LEDs may be obsolete before installed. The trick is to make the lighting an asset for the client. Thus, a combination of psychiatrist, technician, and imaginer has to discover the clients lighting goals and evaluate capabilities of resources to achieve them. There must be awareness of the possibilities afforded, while remaining open-minded to avoid shoehorning the same old signature modus operandi into every job. The lighting designer/specifier is the customers representative, and should think we, not me. Are LED replacement lamps and ballasts merely being put into existing fixtures, or is a whole new lighting system needed? Todays LEDs need conversion from ac to dc. Their design may have to include programming, in which case full lighting and electrical services rather than just ordering bulb/lamps and ballasts are needed. Controls are now more than just on/off. Thus, LEDs are not a do-it-yourself job. The more complicated the design, the more experienced the designer has to be. Whether it is upgrading existing venues or installing anew, the lighting specifier has to know where to search for interstitial spaces in walls, ceilings, floors, landscapes, or even furniture within which to conceal lighting hardware and controls.
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The best practice: Keep the design of task and atmospheric lighting as simple as possible.
testing, and investigate commissioning authorities experience on performance. Dont forget to question previous users. Caveat: There are many makers of LEDs, some better than others in brightness, binning, rendering color, lamp life, heat dissipation, scalability/interchangeability, dimming, and durability. Much higher priced than incandescent bulbs, not all LEDs provide the same quality and dependability. Look for good manufacturing methods, warranty, and expected life. In every case, to keep safety and dependability uppermost, existing electric power and service initially should be checked for capacity and condition. Provisions for near-future (within five years) anticipated additions should be included in design to save further labor and cost later. Savvy owners have an energy audit of the entire building/complex to see where savings can be made, even if it is done in phases. To decide if LEDs are the best decision for the usage, ask such practical questions as: Are they affordable for the available budget? Do they provide adequate performance for the specific lighting task: color, light level, special effects? Is there sufficient space for heat dissipation in retrofitting? Are they convenient for occupants to operate, control, and maintain? Will they be sustainable for the expected length of time needed? Can interchangeable components from varying makers be used? Are there interfaces and controls compatible with LEDs? Can sufficient energy be stored effectively for emergency operation? Are they attractive to enhance both architectural design and contents? What is the length of their warranty?
Keeping it all together
After understanding the clients lighting wish list and deciding that LEDs are the best choice for the particular project, a design is created, specs written, walkthroughs taken, and bids made and contracted out. Before hitting the first nail, specs should call for an initial meeting with the entire construction team to make everyonefrom owner/developer and architect to first-year apprenticeaware
of the goals of the project and how to achieve them. This is the time to begin discussing any expected problems, getting everyones suggestions for flexible solutions. It goes without saying that the three Cs of constructioncommunication, coordination, and cooperationhave to be present for a successful outcome. Specifications for each job should be unique for its LED lighting requirements. Establish priorities in scheduling work to avoid duplication of effort. There has to be a central authority in charge of the whole operation to monitor schedules, reject unauthorized substitutions, and expedite necessary change orders. Every company involved should have the latest drawings so no one arrives on the job and finds the construction changed without notice. For example, if air conditioning ducts are now where lighting was originally shown, unexpected expensive change orders will occur. Specs should call for a neat, workmanlike installation with adequate protection for existing features. To avoid accidents and lawsuits, good housekeeping practices should be written in the specs. Spell
Lighting designers checklist

Here is a partial checklist for designing and specifying LEDs:
Suitable applications for LEDs? Warranties? Indoor or outdoor use? Total system price and payback time? Efficacy? Directionality? Transition from ac to dc? Voltage: high or low? Range of dimming ability? Dimming without color shift? Lamp life? Light levels? Some specifiers slightly overdesign and initially under-run to extend lamp life. Relative price compared to expected length of service? Flicker? Uniform light distribution? Noise? Range of colors and dependable white? Physical effects of lighting on certain people? Photometrics compared to conventional luminaires? Suitable open controls (fully functional interoperability between devices of different manufacturers)? existing fixtures? Possible additional air conditioning loads required? Moisture? Vibration? Temperature of the surrounding environment? Affected by adjacent lighting/HVAC/life safety systems? Architectural impediments for lighting operation? Appropriate resolution (high or low) for the application? Provisions for emergency lighting? Special conditions like seismic areas or wind? Combining several lighting products and techniques for exceptional effects? Is there LM-79 and LM-80 performance data?
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Programs like ZigBee may not yet be suitable for large installations.
Binning? Unintentional color shift and stability? Color rendition? Replacement issues for individual failed chips? Heat dissipation for the driver? Effects of voltage change, harmonic and electromagnetic interference? Selecting of compatible interfaces and controls? Adequate space for retrofitting LEDs into
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out detailed installation instructions in the documents instead of merely copying stock boilerplate clauses. Combining theatrical with architectural lighting techniques often adds special, unique lighting effects. Similar to that for HVAC, commissioning for major commercial lighting schemes is a factor. Specialists should be on hand to repair penetrations in existing decorative features made for the lighting. The entire project should be treated holistically, not by each trade/discipline separately. Full integration of the lighting system within a building means daily supervision to ensure that the intention of the lighting is carried out correctly. If individual plans and specs are not created for each commission, and the same old stock lighting that ignores the clients ongoing economic welfare is proposed, it will only waste money and create great customer dissatisfaction. Of course, the project is not complete
until a scheduled maintenance program is in place and occupants are taught correct operating instructions.
Lighting by building type
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with accepted lighting techniques used with conventional lighting equipment. Working with LEDs is just another lighting job employing those same methods, but adjusted for SSL. Those techniques wont be repeated here because they can be found in IESNA publications and many other sources. Here are some directional and ambient details to be addressed with all types of lighting, including LEDs: Offices: Some offices have artwork or collections displayed museum-style. Such items are treated just like museum exhibits. The caveat: Over-exuberant energy conservation without an increase in productivity will ultimately fail. If the office staff has to wear miners caps to see, they
wont be profitable. The back of cubicle desks is not where the light is needed. Who can find correct files in dim lighting? Private offices, cubicles, large open spaces, food service areas, restrooms, storage, or corridors may each use different types of lighting. However, adequate light levels and controls for the particular purpose must be provided, even for maintenance. Individual controls pertaining to the task are needed. Otherwise, people will always find ways to circumvent unwanted or impractical lighting. Institutional: Museums and libraries have an added requirement of protecting fugitive organic materials (anything that once grew, like wood, paper, textiles, leather, ivory, lacquer, feathers) from prolonged exposure to harmful IR and UV rays emitted by all light, natural and artificial. Both LEDs and GFO delay damage from IR and UV. They may be used together or separately.
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Lighting, similar to music, should have rhythm and contrast: fast and slow, loud and soft.
Theaters/assembly areas: Theatrical critics often mention the lighting, both on stage and in the front-of-house. It is part of the ambiance. Poor lighting could diminish the efforts of the performers or the enjoyment of the building. Sports stadium lighting is a whole new ballgame. LED outdoor displays replicate fireworks and other special effects. Be sure that any lights that will be used outdoors (and all connections) are made for outdoor use, because indoor versions will be ruined by the elements. Poorly designed LED fixtures will cause glare; dont use them. Eliminate glare also when retrofitting LEDs into existing fixtures. Moreover, be sure there is room to dissipate heat. Medical: Hospitals and nursing homes deserve a whole article of their own. Patients often have to deal with hot, hardto-reach bedside reading light, and many hospitals have glaring spots in examining rooms, and dreary hallway and cafeteria illumination. MRI and operating rooms require special lighting including explosion- and shock-proof equipment not affected by electromagnetic interference, voltage surges, harmonics, or other such problems. Adequate energy storage for emergency generation is vital. Retail: Retail merchandising should attract customers with well-lit displays in a comfortable environment that directs traffic easily, points out special features, and represents correct colors. The smart store offers more than expected to make shopping easier and more convenient. Just stepping over a shops threshold indicates the quality of merchandise. A jumbled mass of goods badly lit screams low quality. During renovation, every effort should be made to keep the store open. Hot counters, glaring, bad color, misfocused, or too dim lighting chases prospective clients away. Every kind of lighting, from electronic signage and e-commerce kiosks to theatrical special effects, could be employed to keep the client in the building and attentive to the goods. Hospitality/food service: Cooking restaurant patrons like the food under
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hot lighting is as bad as plunging them in darkness so they cant see the menu, the food, or their companions. Keeping them in the dark is not intimate; it is simply bad lighting. How many people have to hang over the side of the hotel bed to read by the distant light on the nightstand? Who has found they cant see to shave or apply makeup in a poorly lit hotel or restaurant
manner to avoid costly shutdowns. Therefore, lighting controls cannot be carelessly hidden behind pillars or other architectural features so that they cannot operate properly. Wireless controls are eminently suited for existing structures, saving labor and material, but make sure that frequencies are not disrupted by outside interference.
Looking forward
The 20-ft OLED globe Geo Cosmos panels are shown close-up. The globe was installed in a museum. Courtesy: Mitsubishi
bathroom? Is it difficult to read room numbers in the low yellowish light in the hospitalitys hallway? Because the same lighting techniques used with traditional products have to be tailored to the different characteristics of the SSL, there has to be design innovation such as noticing how viewers perceive lighting, associating dissimilar factors that might possibly work together, constant questioning, observing surroundings to note how good and bad SSL lighting conserves energy and diminishes CO2 emissions, and making mock-ups in labs or onsite, like Thomas Edison did to find ideas that have practical use. Lighting, similar to music, should have rhythm and contrast: fast and slow, loud and soft. For large projects, consider integrated operation of lighting with other disciplines, now that sensors and connectivity are no longer one-way isolated procedures. They now communicate uses centrally, and interact with adjoining systems and the Internet. Advanced controls connected to the BAS can predict failures in a timely
An even more exciting version of LEDs is organic LEDs, or OLEDs. For more than a decade, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and forward-thinking companies here and abroad have been developing this technology. It could very well change lighting and architectural design drastically. Bendable OLEDs are sheets of very thin carbonbased polymer sandwiched with electric current. The process is known epitaxy. Properties include energy efficiency, fast response, wide view angles, exceptional color reproduction, outstanding contrast levels, and high brightness. Manufactured roll-to-roll, similar to newspaper printing, OLEDs will be much cheaper to produce than automobile-like assembling of LEDs with many components from various sources. OLEDs can be inserted into windows to be either transparent or translucent with changing color. Interior designers could use them in straight or curved surfaces or as wallpaper. Emergency crews could have safety clothing that is lit with OLEDs. Indeed, applications are limited only by the designers imagination. One of the biggest drawbacks so far is the life of the battery or other movable power source. Latest lithium-ion batteries use 1/10 the energy and last 10 times as long as previously. With the rapid developments in lighting technology, as soon as the designer gets used to LEDs, there will probably be an even newer technique to learn, so stay tuned. Kay is president and founder of Conservation Lighting International and Building Conservation International. She is a member of the Consulting-Specifying Engineer editorial advisory board.
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The Revel Entertainment Hotel Casino Resort in Atlantic City, N.J., is a 55-story building with various occupancies, including dining, retail, assembly, and entertainment spaces. Courtesy: Arup
Code strategies for mixed occupancy buildings

The code application options for mixed occupancy buildings, when applied strategically, can minimize the amount of fire-resistance-rated construction required by code.
By John Mahoney, Pe, LeeD aP,
Arup, Washington, D.C.
he 2012 International Building Code (IBC) allows the option of applying various design approaches to a mixed occupancy building. The strategy can drive the requirements for the fire-resistance of assemblies. For a mixed occupancy building, the options identified in 2012 IBC Section 508: Mixed use and occupancy, include: n Accessory occupancies n Separated occupancies n Nonseparated occupancies.
Accessory occupancies
The intent of the accessory occupancy provisions recognizes that buildings often have rooms or spaces different from but accessory to the main occupancy. When such areas are limited in size, they do not represent a significantly different hazard or risk as compared to that of the main occupancy. As such, the code allows the accessory occupancy to be nonseparated from the main occupancy and does not require the accessory occupancy to be
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Example 1: Type II-B analysis

Group B office building with Group A-3 spaces on every story Three stories 30,000 sq ft per floor Fully sprinklered Side yards of at least 30 ft provided on all sides of the building Typical floors Group B area: 28,000 sq ft on each floor Group A-3 area: 2,000 sq ft on each floor
Accessory Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group A-3
Tabular allowable number of stories: 2 Sprinkler increase: 0 (not applicable to accessory) Allowable number of stories: 2 Actual number of stories: 3 Actual exceeds allowable. Type II-B construction is not permitted with the accessory occupancy approach per IBC 508.2.3. The construction type must be increased to at least Type II-A for an accessory approach.
Nonseparated Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group A-3
Tabular allowable number of stories: 2 Sprinkler increase: 1 Allowable number of stories: 3 Actual number of stories: 3 Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed by code.
Group B
Tabular allowable number of stories: 3 Sprinkler increase: 1 Allowable number of stories: 4 Actual number of stories: 3 Actual is within allowable.
Allowable area (IBC 503)

Group B, Type II-B (23,000 sq ft)
Automatic sprinkler system increase (Is) Is = 2 Frontage increase (If ) If = [ F / P 0.25 ] W / 30 If = [1 0.25] 30 / 30 If = 0.75

Group A-3, Type II-B (9,500 sq ft)
Automatic sprinkler system increase (Is) Is = 2 Frontage increase (If) If = [ F / P 0.25 ] W / 30 If = [1 0.25] 30 / 30 If = 0.75
Maximum permitted area per story (Aa) Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ] Aa = 23,000 sq ft + [23,000 sq ft x 0.75] + [23,000 sq ft x 2] Aa = 86,250 sq ft
Maximum permitted area per story (Aa) Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ] Aa = 9,500 sq ft + [9,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [9,500 sq ft x 2] Aa = 35,625 sq ft
Actual area per story: 30,000 sq ft

Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed by code.
Actual area per story: 30,000 sq ft

Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B allowed by code.
Result: Type II-B not allowed due to Group A-3 space on third
story. Construction type must minimally be Type II-A.
Result: Type II-B allowed.
Note: Calculations for nonseparated Group B are not shown as the tabular values for Group A-3 are more restrictive than the
Group B values. The nonseparated occupancies approach requires compliance based on the most restrictive allowances for the occupancy groups involved. In this example, the nonseparated approach allows the building to be of Type II-B construction. The accessory approach does not allow Type II-B and would require the construction type to minimally be Type II-A. The allowable height requirements of the accessory occupancy are only applied to the accessory occupancy, not the entire building. As such, the accessory provisions allow the Group A-3 spaces on the first or second stories, but not the third story. The nonseparated approach is advantageous as it would allow the Group A-3 spaces on the third story with unprotected construction. Courtesy: Arup
included in allowable area determination for building construction type. The accessory occupancy provisions require that the space be accessory or ancillary to the main occupancy and that it does not exceed 10% of the area of the
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story in which it is located. The accessory occupancy is also not permitted to exceed the tabular values in the 2012 IBC Table 503: Allowable heights and building areas, without increases such as those for sprinkler protection to the tabular
values. The space is individually classified in accordance with Chapter 3: Use and occupancy classification. For most occupancy classifications, no separation is required between the main occupancy and accessory occupancy. High-hazard
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The nonseparated occupancy provisions allow multiple occupancies without a physical separation between them.
ing allowable height and area are not impacted, the accessory storage occupancy must be located in the building to meet the allowable area and height provisions for a storage occupancy for the type of construction. As an example, a business occupancy of Type II-B construction would not be allowed to have an accessory Group S-1 storage area on the fourth story because storage occupancies of Type II-B construction are only permitted up to three stories in height.
Nonseparated occupancies
The Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif., is a 166,000 sq ft facility with occupancy spaces for classrooms, laboratories, offices, and storage. Courtesy: Arup
occupancy classification Groups H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5 are exempt from the separation allowance and must comply with the separation requirements for separated occupancies. Consider an office building with an accessory storage area. The storage area is classified as a Group S occupancy but is not required to be separated from the main Group B occupancy when applying the accessory occupancy provisions. The accessory occupancy does not need to be accounted for in construction type determination and related height/area determination for a building. The allowable building area and allowable building height are permitted to be based solely
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on the main occupancy classification(s). The accessory occupancy must comply with the tabular values of Table 503 for such occupancies, but it does not need to be accounted for as a separate occupancy when determining the minimum type of construction and limits on height and area. For an office building with a storage area, the Group S classification would not be included for the purpose of determining the minimum required type of construction and the maximum permitted allowable area/height of the building. The construction type and height/ area can be based solely on the Group B classification. Even though the build-
The nonseparated occupancy provisions allow multiple occupancies without a physical separation between them. Occupancies are individually classified in accordance with IBC Chapter 3 but are not subject to the 10% area limit applicable to accessory occupancies. The requirements of the code are based on the occupancy classification of the space, except that the most restrictive requirements of Chapter 9: Fire protection systems, are applied to the total nonseparated occupancy fire area. If the building is a high-rise, the most restrictive requirements of the high-rise provisions also apply throughout the building. Area limits, height limits, and construction type requirements are based on the most restrictive occupancy groups involved. For an office building with a storage area, the construction type and limits for height/area can be based solely on the Group S values in the code. Essentially this means that the construction type would be determined as if the entire building were a Group S occupancy. The accessory and nonseparated provisions can be advantageous to avoid requirements for fire-resistance ratings between occupancies. In some instances, however, consequences may outweigh the advantages. For example, a nonseparated strategy could result in a need for a greater type of construction when compared to a separated occupancy or accessory occupancy approach. This would occur if the size of a nonseparated occupancy fire area exceeded the tabular values for area/
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Area limits, height limits, and construction type requirements are based on the most restrictive occupancy groups involved.
Example 2: Type II-B analysis
Group S-1 and Group S-2 occupancies Two stories 80,000 sq ft per floor Fully sprinklered Side yards of at least 30 ft provided on all sides of the building Typical floors Group S-1 area: 30,000 sq ft on each floor Group S-2 area: 50,000 sq ft on each floor
Separated Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group S-1
Tabular allowable number of stories: 2 Sprinkler increase: 1 Allowable number of stories: 3 Actual number of stories: 2 Actual does not exceed allowable. Type II-B construction allowed.
Nonseparated Number of stories (IBC 504)

Group S-1
Tabular allowable number of stories: 2 Sprinkler increase: 1 Allowable number of stories: 3 Actual number of stories: 2 Actual does not exceed allowable, Type II-B construction allowed.
Group S-2
Tabular allowable number of stories: 3 Sprinkler increase: 1 Allowable number of stories: 4 Actual number of stories: 2 Actual does not exceed allowable. Type II-B construction allowed.

Group S-1, Type II-B (17,500 sq ft) & Group S-2, Type II-B (26,000 sq ft)
Automatic Sprinkler System Increase (Is ) Is = 2 Frontage Increase (If ) If = [ F / P 0.25 ] W / 30 If = [1 0.25] 30 / 30 If = 0.75 Maximum permitted area per story (Aa) Aa, S-1 = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ] Aa, S-1 = 17,500 sq ft+ [17,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [17,500 sq ft x 2] Aa, S-1 = 65,625 sq ft Aa, S-2 = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ] Aa, S-2 = 26,000 sq ft + [26,000 sq ft x 0.75] + [26,000 sq ft x 2] Aa, S-2 = 97,500 sq ft Area determination [S-1 Actual / Aa, S-1 ] + [S-2 Actual / Aa, S-2 ] [30,000 sq ft / 65,625 sq ft] + [50,000 sq ft / 97,500 sq ft] = 0.97 Sum of ratios does not exceed 1. Type II-B allowed. (IBC 508.4.2) Result: Type II-B construction allowed.

Group S-1, Type II-B (17,500 sq ft)
Automatic Sprinkler System Increase (Is ) Is = 2 Frontage Increase (If ) If = [ F / P 0.25 ] W / 30 If = [1 0.25] 30 / 30 If = 0.75 Maximum permitted area per story (Aa ) Aa = At + [ At x If ] + [ At x Is ] Aa = 17,500 sq ft+ [17,500 sq ft x 0.75] + [17,500 sq ft x 2] Aa = 65,625 sq ft Actual area per story: 80,000 sq ft
Actual exceeds allowable, Type II-B not allowed. Result: Type II-B not allowed based on allowable area calculation. Type of construction must minimally be Type II-A for a nonseparated approach.
Note: Calculations for nonseparated Group S-2 are not shown as the tabular values for Group S-1 are more restrictive than the Group S-2 values. The nonseparated occupancies approach requires compliance based on the most restrictive allowances for the occupancy groups involved. In this example, the separated approach allows Type II-B construction while the nonseparated approach minimally required Type II-A. It may be more desirable to use the separated approach and provide a one-hour separation between the Group S-1 and S-2 occupancies as compared to comply with Type II-A requirements for the nonseparated approach. Courtesy: Arup
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height (with appropriate increases) for a type of construction that would otherwise be permitted when determined using a separated or accessory approach. If the most restrictive occupancy in a nonseparated occupancy fire area exceeds 10% of the floor area, or it is not accessory to the main occupancy, the accessory provisions are not a viable option. In such cases the engineer has the option of using the nonseparated occupancies provisions or using the separated occupancy provisions with fire-resistance-rated separations as required between occupancies. The minimum type of construction required to for each strategy may differ.
Separated occupancies
protection systems requirements to apply throughout the nonseparated areas. If a nonseparated occupancy fire area is of a size that would require a greater type of construction when compared to a separated occupancy approach, the separated
occupancy approach may often be more desirable. That is, it may be more desirable to provide fire-resistance rated separations between occupancies than provide fire-resistance ratings for the structural frame, floors, and roof of the building.
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The separated occupancy provisions require physical separation by fire barrier walls and/or horizontal assemblies with a fire-resistance rating between occupancies. Occupancies are located in separate fire areas, and each fire area is required to comply with the code based on the occupancy classification of that portion of the building. The engineer has the option applying any of the options available for mixed occupancies to a given fire area. Construction type requirements are based on the height of each fire area and the sum of ratios of the actual area divided by the allowable area for each separated occupancy. Area limits require the sum of the ratios to not exceed one. Additionally, for separated occupancy buildings with more than three stories above grade plane, the aggregate sum of the ratios for each story is not permitted to exceed three. When applying code provisions to a fire area that utilizes the separated occupancies approach, each fire area is considered separately. The provisions of the code are applied only to that specific fire area unless the code indicates otherwise. The concept to apply the code to each fire area separately is a significant difference from the nonseparated occupancies provisions. The nonseparated occupancies provisions require the most restrictive provisions of the high-rise and fire
USGBC and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used by permission. 2012 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
A comprehensive review should always be performed when selecting a code strategy.
The International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong contains a world-class hotel, office spaces, and retail spaces within its 118story tower. Courtesy: Arup
Incidental uses
Incidental use areas are spaces with ancillary functions associated with a given occupancy that generally pose a greater level of risk compared to the main occupancy group classification in which it is located. These types of spaces require protection features, such as physical separation, which are intended to address the higher relative fire hazard of these areas. Prior to the 2012 edition of the IBC, the incidental use provisions could be strategically applied at the option of the engineer. The engineer had the option of applying the incidental use provisions or applying the separated or nonseparated occupancies provisions of the code. In the 2012 IBC, the incidental use provisions were moved to Section 509: Incidental uses, through which the incidental use requirements apply regardless of the code strategy for mixed occupancies. Therefore, application of the incidental use provisions is no lon42
ger optional in the 2012 IBC. However, some of the rooms or areas that were historically identified as incidental uses have been revised in recent editions of the code. For example, prior to the 2009 IBC, storage rooms greater than 100 sq ft in area had been included in the incidental use provisions of the code. With the 2009 and 2012 editions, storage rooms are no longer considered incidental uses. These strategies can be used in combination with each other. For example, a building may contain multiple fire areas, and each fire area can utilize a different strategy for a mixed occupancy building. Some fire areas within a building may utilize the accessory provisions, while other fire areas in the same building can utilize a different strategy to achieve a particular goal or to optimize the design. A comprehensive review should always be performed when selecting a code strategy. In conducting a comprehensive review,
the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are identified and used as the basis for selecting the desired approach. Regardless of the strategy used, it should be documented and included in the building permit application submittal. It should also be kept on file by the building owner or manager. The original code application strategy when a building is permitted is a fundamental piece of information that is critical to evaluating future changes and alterations to that building. If an alteration project is not coordinated with the original code application concepts, it could compromise the original approach and create compliance issues. Mahoney is an associate in Arups Washington, D.C., office. He has extensive experience in applying the fire protection and life safety aspects of the codes and standards to various building types and occupancies.
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Supporting engineers In-Person and offering High-Value Content Online and In-Print
40 Under 40: The Consulting-Specifying Engineer 40 Under 40
program was born out of Consulting-Specifying Engineers ongoing mission to foster mentoring in the engineering industry. 40 of the most talented young engineers supporting the building community are nominated by their mentors and honored throughout the year in print, online, and in person.
Product of the Year: 2011 marks the 7th year that Consulting-Specifying Engineer holds the annual Product of the Year (POY) contest. It is the premier award for new products in the HVAC, re, electrical, and plumbing systems engineering markets. Look for the POY winners in the September 2011 issue.
The MEP Giants contest features the top MEP rms, listed by total MEP design revenue. The MEP Giants list is one of the most popular portions of Consulting-Specifying Engineers Web site. For 31 years, the MEP Giants list is used by many engineering rms to track their growth and prominence within the MEP Engineering industry. Look for the full MEP Giants special feature and poster with the August 2011 issue.
Giants:
Webcasts: Need some CEUs? Look no further than www.csemag.com/webcast.Topics covering every verticalcritical power, lighting, emergency, HVAC, codes and standards, LEEDgive engineers a great opportunity to learn about the latest industry practice while getting CEU credits for no charge. eNewsletters: The wide array of eNewsletters gives engineers
a way to stay on top of the latest news in a convenient and easy-to-read electronic format. Sign up for NewsWatch; Business of Engineering Management Report; Fire, Security, Life-Safety; Electrical; HVAC; Pure Power; Product Showcase; Green Scene, and Codes & Standards.
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BY EMMA RENEE DUTTON

Content Specialist
Vote for this years
best products
Who will win gold in 2012? Consulting-Specifying Engineer announces the finalists for this years eighth annual Product of the Year competition, and our readers will have the final word. Cast your votes online at www.csemag.com/votepoy.
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Electrical distribution Emergency, on-site, standby power Equipment-level sensors and controls Fire, life safety, mass notification HVAC/R Lighting Plumbing and water management Software: design, modeling, analysis Test instruments, meters, data loggers
nother year of innovation and technological advancement has led up to the eighth
annual Product of the Year awards. This year, companies submitted their new and improved products to be judged for this distinguished honor. Here, we have listed the finalists in each of the nine categories. It is now up to Consulting-Specifying Engineer readers to determine which products will stand out from the crowd and win gold, silver, and bronze. Go to www.csemag.com/votepoy and vote for the products you feel are best in their categories. Then cast a separate vote for the Most Valuable Product of 2012 for the overall winner. The results will appear in September 2012 in print and online. www.csemag.com/votepoy
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Electrical distribution
Remote racking system
CBS ArcSafe developed this RRS-3MBII remote racking system single application tool for GE Magne Blast circuit breakers of all elevating motor voltages and control circuit layouts. This console allows service personnel to remove and install their Magne Blast Switchgear while standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary, reducing the need for a fullbody arc flash hazard suit. Operating on standard 120 Vac wall power, the console includes a current monitor for comparing and quantifying racking mechanism conditions, radio remote for cordless operation up to 100 ft, and pushbutton controls. No software programming or cubicle or switchgear modification is necessary.
www.CBSArcSafe.com
Remote switch actuator tool

CBS ArcSafe developed this remote switch actuator tool for GE RSA-76 Power Break II circuit breakers. This allows service personnel to safely charge, close, and trip their PowerBreak II switchgear while standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary in accordance with the NFPA-70E and CSA Z462 Guidelines for Arc Flash Safety.
www.CBSArcSafe.com
Remote racking system

CBS ArcSafe developed this RRS-3VB remote racking system single application tool for GE PowerVac circuit breakers, allowing service personnel to safely remove and install their PowerVac Switchgear while standing up to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary in accordance with the NFPA-70E and CSA Z462 Guidelines for Arc Flash Safety.
www.CBSArcSafe.com
Remote switch actuator tool

CBS ArcSafe developed this remote switch actuator tool for RSA-180 Masterpact NT circuit breakers. This allows service personnel to safely charge, close, and trip their PowerBreak II switchgear while standing 30 to 150 ft outside the arc flash hazard boundary in accordance with the NFPA-70E and CSA Z462 Guidelines for Arc Flash Safety.
www.CBSArcSafe.com
Self-adjusting pre-fab ring

This Rapid Ring self-adjusting pre-fab ring designed by Cooper B-Line allows for tool-free installation in as little as 15 secs, available for 1- to 4-gang SKUs. Installation of the system includes four steps: removing the protective plate, connecting the wiring device, positioning the device assembly, and then pushing it into place. Manufactured in the United States by union-made assemblies, the pre-fab ring is self-adjusting to fit finished wall depths of 0.5 to 2 in. and various types of tile. It features a quick-release protective plate with a raised surface for routing, and it fits most standard boxes and brackets.
www.BLineRapidRing.com
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Time delay fuse
FUSETRON 250 V FRN-R and 600 V RFS-R energy-efficient, dual-element, time-delay fuses are manufactured by Cooper Bussmann and allow for closer sizing to load with smaller fuse amp ratings than non-time-delay fuses on most motor and transformer primary applications. These fuses fit any class K5 or H fuse blocks and holders, and with a 2:1 selective coordination amp ration, they prevent overcurrent events from opening upstream fuses. Features include a 200 kA interrupting rating for protection against fault currents, and insulated end caps to reduce exposure to live parts and to extend air gap distance between blades of adjacent mounted fuses or to housing.
www.CooperBussmann.com
Modular mountable fuse holder

The Cooper Bussmann CH Series of modular finger-safe DIN-Rail mountable fuse holders have a high SCCR rating up to 200 kA, available for electrical systems requiring class CC or midget fuse protection. With a captive, fully backed-out phil-slot screw and a 6 mm wire clamp lug, these modular fuse holders offer ganging of multiple poles and DIN rail mounting without the use of tools. They feature an open fuse indicator, a 4 mm lockout feature in the fuse carrier, and a version rated up to 1000 Vdc for use with solar PV fuses. The manufacturer provides a variety of comb bus bars and a monitoring accessory.
Fusible coordination panelboard
Cooper Bussmann developed this Quik-Spec Coordination Panelboard, which offers flexible, fully fused configurations with options for 600, 800, and 1,200 A mains and branches from 1-600 A, all rated 200 kA SCCR at 600 Vac. It has a footprint up to 40% smaller than that of similar panelboards. The 600 to 1200 A main versions are available with MLO mains and offer a choice of 1-, 2-, and 3-pole branch disconnects capable of holding fuses from 1 to 600 A in a floormounted NEMA 1 enclosure. This panelboard features finger-safe CCPB disconnect with a safety interlock feature that prevents the removal of an energized fuse with permanent lockout/tagout provisions.
The Clr Loadbreak Connector system designed by Cooper Power Systems is a 600 A/15 kV single-phase rated loadbreak connector that offers a visible break and a visible ground without de-energizing, un-bolting 600 A terminations, or moving heavy cables. This system can be easily retrofitted; offers a visible break when used for sectionalizing, splicing, or in-line; and features vacuum switchgear with visible, front panel circuit traceability. The loadbreak connector is fully submersible for use in both surface and subsurface installations. This design allows for sectionalizing in tight spaces, while the adjustable bracket allows mounting at various angles for easy access, even from above ground for vault applications.
www.CooperPower.com
Loadbreak connector system
Surge protector
Cooper Bussmanns surge protective devices provide power quality that is free from damaging surges and overvoltage conditions, with specific modules for photovoltaic, wind power, UL, low-voltage, and IEC applications. These surge protectors feature modular DIN-Rail design with color coding and a rejection feature for end-user ease of identification, installation, and maintenance. They also include easyID local visual indication of surge module status and optional remote contact signaling integration with monitoring systems. All modules feature an IP20 finger-safe design, and where applications require, certain devices are also vibration and shock resistant according to EN 60068-2 standards.
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Push-in connector
The ArrowLink SPD push-in connectors manufactured by Cooper Wiring Devices utilize a simplified installation process and are designed to increase efficiencies. During the rough-in and trim-out phases, the connectors allow installers to terminate conductors, attach connectors, and mount the device in less time than traditional pigtail installations. These devices connect directly to the building wire, allowing for a reduction in wire volume inside the outlet box. They feature six color-coded terminal openings that provide feed-through capabilities, and a 6-in. #12 AWG ground lead with ring terminal and captive ground screw.
www.CooperWiringDevices.com
USB wall charger

Cooper Wiring Devices combination USB charger with tamper-resistant shutters supports any electronic product that is capable of being charged with a 5 V power adapter. An LED light indicates that the device is charging, and an automatic grounding system eliminates the need for a bonding jumper in the grounded metal enclosure. This product offers durability with injection-molded housing and PVC resin in five colors, as well as added corrosion resistance from a zinc-plated steel mounting strap.
www.CooperWiringDevices.com
Automatic transfer switch

Eatons 400 A bypass contactor automatic transfer switch for critical standby power applications includes a fieldselectable, multitap transformer panel, and it permits operation on a wide range of system voltages. This design offers isolated compartments with barriers and an ability to test powerswitching elements during the drawout process. The 400 A transfer switch can be equipped with the ATC-300+ or ATC-800 controllers, and may be used to provide emergency power to life safety and other critical loads for maintenance of the main transfer switch without interruption of power to the load.
www.Eaton.com
Portable generation switch

Eaton expanded its heavy-duty double-throw safety switches to support 1200 A. Used to transfer service from a normal power source to an alternate source or to switch from one load circuit to another, this 1200 A DT switch is designed for fusible or nonfusible two-source switch configurations up to 1200 A for both commercial and industrial applications. The device features two vertically oriented switches in one enclosure with three-position operation, preventing the two switches from being closed at the same time. Safety features include receptacle compartment safety interlocks, utility isolation without key interlocks, material selection, and a trap door system.
www.Eaton.com
Circuit breaker
EntelliGuard R Retrofill from General Electric updates legacy circuit breakers with minimal modification, and is compatible with shutters, secondary and neutral disconnects, and position switches in existing breaker cubicles. This unit increases short circuit rating on AK25 and AKR30S while maintaining UL approval, with a single finger cluster design that generates less heat. The trip unit and all indicators are visible through the door, which is available pre-punched with or without holes for pilot lights and RELT switch for all stack widths. Features include the EntelliGuard TU Trip Unit for arc flash protection and selectivity, and field-installable accessories.
www.GEIndustrial.com
Energy meter panelboard

Eatons Pow-R-Line lighting panelboards integrate the Eaton IQ35M meter to the panelboard, with a height similar to traditional lighting panels. This entire panelboard is metered with current transformers and wiring, and the factory wiring of the meter eliminates field installation. The IQ35M monitors voltage, current, power factor, and frequency, as well as real, reactive, and apparent power and energy. This device allows the user to verify energy bills, make informed load shifting and shedding decisions, allocate energy costs, and produce an energy profile.
www.Eaton.com
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Photovoltaic switched combiner
The Eaton switched combiner provides a single point to combine incoming photovoltaic strings and disconnect dc power close to PV modules, uniting Eatons 600 Vdc solar disconnect and source-combiner box in one enclosure. Fusible versions of this combiner allow isolation of the fuse when the switch is in the off position. The fuse holders are hard-bussed to the main disconnect, and the enclosure allows for mounting in vertical or horizontal orientations. Options include surge protection, current monitoring, and wireless communication. This monitor measures dc current per channel, as well as total and average dc current.
www.Eaton.com
Level 2 electric vehicle charging station

The WattStation wall-mount electric vehicle charging station, manufactured by General Electric, delivers a full-cycle charge to a 24 kWh battery in 4 to 8 h. This charging station features ground fault protection, a backlit charging icon, and zero energy consumption when not in use. It can withstand outdoor conditions and can be hardwired or plugged into a NEMA 6-50 receptacle upon installation by a certified electrician or contractor. A mounting plate with heavy-duty screws and a key lock secure the WattStation in place, and GE provides a step-by-step installation video. Features include commerce and card reader capability, user authentication, metering, and open architecture network communications.
Level 1 and level 2 electric vehicle charging stations

Electric vehicle chargers manufactured by Legrand for residential and light commercial applications are weatherproof rated, have built-in ground fault protection, and are compatible with all plug-in electric vehicles. Choices include the Level 1 15 A/120 V charger and the Level 2 20 A/240 V charger. This Level 1 portable charger can be taken on the road, and it plugs into a standard 15 or 20 A receptacle. Level 2 chargers are hardwired to a 20 A circuit, and they charge vehicles in approximately 3 to 6 h.
www.Legrand.us
Lighting panelboard
Schneider Electrics NF measurement and verification lighting panelboard is factory installed to monitor energy usage at the most granular branch circuit level and provide end-to-end power monitoring and control. The panelboard incorporates individual branch circuit power metering in one device, supporting up to 84 monitoring points through boardmounted individual CTs. This panelboards capability can be used to verify sustainable energy conservation measures, provide data for establishing baseline performance studies, and alert users when energy parameters fall outside of an established norm. This device features main metering capability through optionally provided CTs as well as network communications.
www.Schneider-Electric.us
Floor box
Legrand/Wiremold developed this Wiremold Evolution Series floor box that offers high capacity and multifunctional capability for power, communications, and audio/video. The same box can be installed in raised, carpet-covered concrete, terrazzo, polished concrete, and wood floors without additional parts or accessories. Boxes are available in 6-, 8-, and 10-gang configurations for standard, on-grade, and fire-classified applications. Knockout sizes range from to 2 in., and knockout plates can be removed for greater capacity. The cover of this floor box opens 180 deg and features an egress door system that locks into position when open and automatically closes around cables when closed.
www.Legrand.us
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Overflow raceway
The Wiremold OFR Series overfloor raceway system was designed by Legrand/Wiremold for permanent or temporary installations where access through floors and ceilings is not an option. This system provides four channels of capacity and access to a wide range of power, communications, and A/V connectivity. It attaches directly to floor coverings, including carpet, tile, and wood, with no need for removing or cutting existing floor coverings. The textured black powder finish is paintable and resists scuffing and scratches. This overfloor raceway system includes transition fittings to feed from Wiremold DS4000, 4000, and 2400 Series wall-mounted raceways and from Vista Point5 Architectural Columns.
www.Legrand.us
Pole extender
Wiremold Tele-Power pole extenders are available in 5-ft sections that snap together to create a single standard pole or to extend the length of an existing pole, allowing for on-site modifications. This extender slips securely onto the original pole and can be cut to length. The mounting system ensures that the finished pole is as strong and durable as a single unit. Legrand/Wiremold offers prewired and unwired Tele-Power pole extenders that can be combined in the field to make a single 10-ft pole. Factory-wired units come with two 20 A, 125 V duplex receptacles, mounting hardware, end plate, and ceiling trim.
www.Legrand.us
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Emergency, on-site, standby power

Generator
The generator manufactured by MTU Onsite Energy features the 8 V MTU Series 1600 engine for the 400 kW power node, with a displacement of approximately 1.75 liters per cylinder, high-pressure common rail fuel injection, and a compact exhaust silencer. This unit is standbyrated to a 24-hour average load factor of 85% with a varying load. Outlet boxes accommodate a digital voltage regulator and modular accessories, and the main circuit breaker can be mounted on either side of the control box. The generator can accept full load in one step and is available in output voltages of 208, 240, 380, 440, 480, or 600 V.
www.MTU-Online.com
Hybrid energy storage system

VYCONs Hybrid VDC XEB is an energy storage system that combines flywheel technology with batteries to provide 300 kW of power and extended runtime. The flywheel handles power anomalies to reduce the frequency of battery cycles. Throughout its 20-year life, the flywheel charges and discharges at high rates without degradation or bearing damage, and up to five of these systems can be paralleled for higher power. The system includes an aerospace-grade steel flywheel hub, a high-speed permanent magnet motor generator, a contact-free magnetic levitation system, a touchscreen display, and a monitoring system that integrates with various three-phase UPS makes and models.
www.VyconEnergy.com
Backup power device

The Eaton 9E uninterruptible power system is a backup power device that delivers facility and industrial environment power management. This systems tower configuration delivers power protection for expanding loads in space-constrained facilities while operating at up to 98% efficiency. The 9E offers internal batteries up to 60 kVA, saving floor space when compared to external battery cabinets. The systems small physical footprint allows for space utilization for revenueproducing equipment and materials. The 9E integrates with Eatons Intelligent Power Software Suite, which allows for management and monitoring of multiple power devices across a network from any Internetenabled computer.
www.Eaton.com
Diesel emission monitor system

The Rypos AT-IV Active DPF/SCR system monitors the condition of emission controls for a diesel engine and uses predictive analysis to proactively regenerate the DPF and to precondition the exhaust under any load condition or exhaust temperature. There are no idle time limitations or cold start restrictions. The filter is packaged in an integrated low-profile housing, and the filter media can also act as a load bank. This system allows users to determine a compliance schedule, and it can be populated with just one reduction technology while allowing for installation when either or both of the remaining requirements are needed.
www.Rypos.com
53
Equipment-level sensors and controls

Variable frequency drive
Cooper Crouse-Hinds ACE Series explosion-proof variable frequency drive (VFD) can be safely and reliably installed in Class I, Division 1 or 2 hazardous areas. Currently available up to 60 hp, this drive features a NEMA 7 enclosure with active cooling technology that allows the VFD to be housed inside the classified enclosure without the risk of overheating and failing while operating in ambient temperatures up to 50 C. In addition to installation savings, this drive provides soft start capabilities and built-in, real-time diagnostics. It can lower energy consumption by allowing a motors power level to be adjusted exactly to performance needs with an explosion-proof keypad and window.
www.Crouse-Hinds.com
Arc flash relay
Motor control
The Littelfuse PGR-8800 arc-flash relay protects personnel and equipment by rapidly detecting developing arc-flash incidents and tripping the circuit before significant damage occurs. This relay can detect an arc flash in less than 1 msec, and it detects both current and light to minimize nuisance trips and to provide overcurrent protection. The compact, stand-alone unit features up to 24 light sensors, including optional fiber-optic cable sensors that can protect difficult-to-reach compartments. The relay offers adjustable light level and wide-angle detection, built-in LED to indicate local sensor health or trip state, and application tool s to help determine sensor placement and maintenance schedules.
www.Littelfuse.com
GEs Limitamp AR arc-resistant medium-voltage motor control delivers increased safety, reliability, and ease of maintenance for industries like petrochemicals and gas, meeting the IEEE C37.20.7 standard and providing Type 2B protection. Arc flash energy is contained and exhaust gases redirected up through vent flaps at the top of the enclosure and away from the system through a plenum. Features include heavyduty, reinforced 0.12 thick steel side panels and a fully isolated low-voltage compartment in the front door. This control is available for one- and two-high full-voltage nonreversing 400 A, NEMA 1, 50 kA motor starters, rated for 2.4 to 7.2 kV.
Remote control portal
The inSite for ModSync tool from Synex Controls provides a private portal for remote Web-based access to a facilitys boiler room controls. In conjunction with the ModSync sequencing system, users can access real-time system status, make adjustments, monitor maintenance schedules, receive e-mail and text-message alerts, and review systems reports. The user-friendly, full-color, icon-based interface is available for multiple administrators using Web browsers, Web-enabled phones, and an iPhone app. The system can be retrofitted and customized, and its features include response to outdoor temperature, setback scheduling, system interface flexibility, multiple setpoint modes, trending and performance monitoring, alarm status and history, and building integration.
www.SynexControls.com
54
Fire, life safety, mass notification

Mass notification system
Cooper Notifications mass notification system with WAVES High Power Speaker Array (HPSA) 7100 Series has been scaled and designed for stand-alone applications in the fire alarm market, and can be integrated with a facilitys existing audio source, including voicecapable fire alarm control panels and paging systems. Vertical line speaker arrays provide a narrow vertical output pattern, which focuses sound at audiences with less distortion due to reflections; the amplifier is better than 90% efficient with less than 0.1% total harmonic distortion. Low current draw, improved battery standby time, increased battery life, and fewer speakers/drivers result in a reliable, low-maintenance system.
www.CooperIndustries.com
Fire/smoke damper monitoring system
The Ruskin Inspector is a fire/smoke damper monitoring system that includes a control panel, a fire/smoke damper interface, and a digital I/O device for the continuous monitoring and automated testing of dampers. Product activity is logged and viewable for diagnostics and preventative maintenance using a solid-state panel PC with no moving parts. Factory programming of the system is job-site specific, and the closest distribution board powers the devices. A twisted-pair network cable can connect up to 60 devices per network channel. This system allows for phased commissioning and future expansion with open and interoperable protocol and optional online remote access.
www.Ruskin.com
Firefighter telephone control system
The Farenhyt IFP-FFT firefighter phone system developed by Silent Knight by Honeywell provides supervision, annunciation, and control for local and remote telephone handsets. With a single loop of wire, this system supports 72 connections with up to 10 phones in concurrent use. Phone activation and corresponding trouble conditions are detected by the fully supervised system and displayed on the FFTs main panel, which firefighters also use to control local and remote handsets. Compatible accessories for the system include remote handsets, a handset cabinet, handset jacks, a lockable cabinet with connected handset, and a connected telephone cabinet with breakable glass.
www.Farenhyt.com
Strobe and speaker expander plates
System Sensor designed the SpectrAlert Advance dual strobe and dual strobe with speaker expander plates to lower cost and improve aesthetics for emergency communications system and mass notification system applications. The expander plates combine the functions of two to three notification devices on a single mounting plate and back box, and they can be easily installed by one person. These strobe and strobe speaker expander plates are designed for use in 12 or 24 V systems, and they use an amber lens strobe for private mode general utility signaling that meets Dept. of Defense specification requirements.
www.SystemSensor.com
Desktop notification and positioning system
The Situational Awareness and Response Assistant (SARA) eMessenger system developed by Status Solutions delivers desktop notification of emergency and nonemergency events. This system uses SARAs vector-mapping positioning system with Inovonics EchoStream RF infrastructure. The positioning model includes fixed devices such as wall-mounted panic buttons, motion sensors, and smoke detectors, as well as virtual points of interest within the facility or campus. When this system receives a panic signal, the positioning system provides the closest position, with accuracy to a specific room. The eMessenger displays pop-up alerts with color-coded text, audio, or a combination of both, serving as a facilitys real-time locating service.
www.StatusSolutions.com
55
Fire, life safety, mass notification

Smoke detection system
Industrial VESDA VLI is a smoke detection system developed by Xtralis for fire protection in harsh environments. Features include absolute detection thresholds, clean-air barriers for optics protection, air filtration, and protection against dust and water spray. The smoke detectors filter is designed to reduce contamination in the sampled air, improving longevity and reducing service and maintenance. Without the need for application engineering, the system monitors detection chamber background with an in-service confirmation. A modular design allows for field replacement of the intelligent filter, aspirator, secondary filter, and detection chamber, and the aspirator enables pipe lengths of up to 1,200 ft.
www.Xtralis.com
Open-area smoke detection system

The open-area smoke imaging detection (OSID) system designed by Xtralis features an emitter that sends both IR- and UV-coded light signals to the imaging sensor, which enables the system to discriminate between real smoke and other objects, including steam and dust. The wide-angle imager compensates for vibrations and building movement, and can locate and lock in an emitter that is roughly aligned. Up to seven emitters can be used concurrently with a single imager, each placed at different heights to provide volumetric coverage. Absolute calibration provides detection up to 492 ft regardless of lighting conditions, smoke color, airflows, or other environmental conditions.
www.Xtralis.com
Local operator console

Gamewell-FCI by Honeywell designed a second version of its local operator console (LOC) used to remotely control emergency messaging and system operation. A telephone and 16 programmable switches allow this LOC-TEL to direct prerecorded and live voice messages to any designated area within a facility. A lower-cost alternative, it meets the mass notification requirements of LOCs as mandated by the Dept. of Defense. The INI-VG integrated voice gateway can support up to 16 LOC-TEL, and each LOC-TEL can support one INCC-TEC and one AOM-TELF telephone control module. This LOCs 16-gauge steel backbox features a wide-screen Lexan window and a keylock or optional thumb quarter turn latch.
www.Gamewell-FCI.com
Smoke and CO detector

NOTIFIER by Honeywell designed the IntelliQuad PLUS detector, offering carbon monoxide (CO) detection with smoke detection and nuisance alarm rejection as part of an ONYX series fire alarm system that quickly verifies a true fire or CO emergency. One unit combines four sensing elements for smoke, CO, light/flame, and heat. Separate signals for CO and smoke allow the system to respond appropriately based on the event type. When combined with the addressable B200S sounder base, the IntelliQuad PLUS serves as an affordable alternative for commercial sleeping spaces, eliminating the need for a separate CO detector, smoke detector, mini horn, monitor modules, and associated wiring and junction boxes.
www.NOTIFIER.com
56
HVAC/R
Rooftop unit
AAON RN Series packaged rooftop units (55 to 140 tons) are engineered for efciency and energy savings at both full and partial load. Rigid polyurethane foam panels provide increased thermal resistance, reduced air leakage, and resistance to microbial growth. Direct-drive backward-curved plenum fans do not have belt energy losses and are more efcient than forward-curved fans. Variable speed scroll compressors offer precise load-matching capability by automatically adjusting capacity to match the load cooling requirements, providing signicant energy savings at part load conditions. The rooftop unit can be customized and factory-tested to meet nearly any building requirements without signicant factory or eld modications.
www.AAON.com
Geothermal heat pump

ClimateMaster designed the Tranquility 22 Digital Series geothermal heat pumps with features including a two-stage compressor, Energy Star Tier 3 efciency, integrated variable-speed water ow, variable-speed fan with soft start and constant afm control, digital communicating controls, and true plug-and-play functionality. The integrated electronic communicating interface to thermostat, fan motor, and geo source pump allows for conguration, monitoring fault display, and diagnostics at the thermostat. The cabinets small physical footprint makes it suitable for installation in tight spaces and in replacement/retrot applications. Tranquility 22 Digital systems are available in vertical and horizontal congurations in six capacities.
www.ClimateMaster.com
Portable fan
Yellow Jacket is a 105-lb portable fan designed by Big Ass Fans for exibility, quiet operation, and long-term durability. The heavy-gauge steel carriage is engineered to withstand harsh environments, including run-ins with forklifts. The housing is made from high-density polyethylene with vibration dampening properties. The 3-D progress pitch blades are made from high-performance polyamide nylon to maximize efciency and airow coverage. Oversized wheels and an ergonomic handle provide maneuverability, or the fan can be mounted on ceilings, walls, and oors. Airow amount and direction are controlled with a locking position mechanism that allows for 10 variable speeds.
www.BigAssFans.com
Motor shaft voltage test kit

The AEGIS shaft voltage test kit measures and documents the voltages of motors controlled by variable frequency drives (VFDs). The kit can test every VFD-controlled motor at a facility to determine whether it is subject to stray shaft voltages great enough to damage bearings. The kit includes a replaceable probe tip with high-density conductive microbers that ensure continuous contact with a rotating motor shaft. Electro Static Technology manufactures the tip and extension rod with optional magnetic base, while Fluke makes the 10:1 probe and the Fluke 190 Series II ScopeMeter portable oscilloscope that displays and saves the voltage waveform.
www.est-aegis.com
Heat exchanger
Bell & Gossetts BPX BPDW brazed plate heat exchanger can be used as a refrigerant condenser, an evaporator, an oil cooler, and in other applications. This heat exchanger is designed to provide leak protection, safety, thermal efciency, and durability in a compact, low-cost unit. Design features include true double-wall construction including port regions, double-wall plate design with unique air vent leak paths, complete peripheral braze for additional strength, four dedicated leak ports for quick and easy leak detection, and dependable protection of fresh water streams for cooling of oils and refrigerants.
www.BellGossett.com
57
HVAC/R
Steam boiler with control system
Fultons compact, low-footprint, gas-fired Tribute vertical tubeless steam boiler for commercial and industrial applications can operate at sub-9 ppm NOx and includes an advanced boiler control system. It uses a fiber mesh burner, variable-speed fan, and integrated gas train, providing low emissions combustion with only 4 in. incoming gas pressure. Features include full 4 to 1 modulation and a stainless steel jacket. The Fulton SC-750 touchscreen control system shows current boiler status with high-tech display parameters for burner firing rate, stack temperature, steam pressure, boiler water temperature, and stack emissions levels. The module also displays the status of the boiler feed water pumps, de-aerator water temperature, and boiler water level.
www.Fulton.com
HVAC system
The SunSource HVAC system developed by Lennox can effectively double the rooftop units efficiency rating, integrating a rooftop unit, solar modules, and microinverters to power commercial buildings. The system feeds solar energy directly into a 3- or 6-ton Energence rooftop unit, and supplies any excess electricity to the rest of the building or to the power grid. Real-time energy production is recorded and monitored by a communications module. Installation does not require a high-dc-voltage line, and each microinverters output is limited to 50 V. During a power outage, the microinverters stop transmitting to the rooftop unit and the main building panel.
www.Lennox.com
The MAGNA 32-100 variable-speed wet rotor circulator from Grundfos has a permanent magnet motor, reducing power consumption. The motor design delivers a starting torque four times higher than the standard induction motor while avoiding slippage and allowing flows from 0 to 52 gpm and a noise level less than 35 db. The AUTOADAPT feature controls this pump performance within a defined performance range, ensuring the lowest possible energy consumption without sacrificing comfort. Current conditions can be analyzed and adjusted with an integrated frequency converter. A 10-ft cord connects the circulator to a wall outlet with no need to open a terminal box.
www.Grundfos.us
Wet rotor circulator
Screw chiller
The YORK YVAA air-cooled variable-speed screw chiller was manufactured by Johnson Controls for efficiency, reduced sound, and sustainability. The chiller offers flexible energy consumption with efficiencies up to 11.6 EER and an option to configure an integrated part load value up to 19.8 EER. This chiller features low kW/ton at both full-load design and off-design conditions. SilentNight and sound attenuation options work with the programmable control to optimize for sound performance by load-limiting the chiller. This device uses a refrigerant with no ozone-depletion potential and no phase-out date, a falling-film evaporator, and a microchannel condenser coil to reduce refrigerant charge.
www.JohnsonControls.com
58
HVAC/R
Compressor with communications
Emerson Climate Technologies, a business of Emerson, manufactured this Copeland Scroll compressor with CoreSense communications modules to give air conditioning customers communication, protection, and diagnostics onboard. The compressors can stream real-time diagnostics to the system controller. By using the compressor as a sensor, data from inside the system can be accessed and monitored in real time by the controller, improving performance and reliability. The system allows for automatic and proactive shutdown when adverse operating conditions are detected. Diagnostics and protection include missing phase, reverse phase, short cycling protection, motor temperature protection, locked rotor, and fault history over the life of the compressor.
www.EmersonClimate.com
Water source heat pump

The Daikin McQuay SmartSource water source heat pump product line from McQuay International includes a variablespeed inverter pump with high efficiency and low sound levels in a system that continuously adjusts compressor speeds. This water source heat pump comes in a range of sizes and a breadth of options that include smart dehumidification, waterside economizers, and internal electric heat. The SmartSource platform is geothermal ready, including an option for factorymounted loop water pumps.
www.McQuay.com
Rooftop unit
The Daikin McQuay Rebel commercial rooftop unit from McQuay International features part-load efficiencies that can be greater than 19.5 IEER, which is 60% to 70% better than the ASHRAE 90.1 minimum standard. This Rebel system functions as a variable air volume heat pump unit and is available in 3- to 15-ton sizes. Its variable heat pump has a hybrid gas and electric option as well as a modulating hot gas reheat option that contributes to efficient operation in colder weather climates. The system features Daikins variable inverter scroll compressor and variable ECM fan motors that reduce noise.
www.McQuay.com
Rooftop ventilation system

Modine Manufacturings Atherion is a 15- to 30-ton packaged rooftop ventilation system designed to meet ASHRAE 189.1 and 62.1 standards for efficiency and indoor air quality. This stainless steel primary heat exchanger offers a maximum of 8,700 cfm outdoor air, low static pressure, a built-in air bypass, optional preheat for frost control, and a gas heating option using Modines Conservicore Technology. This unit is factory designed, programmed, and installed with the Modine control system, supplying interoperability with network communications. An optional energy recovery module uses the waste energy from the building to temper the incoming load while delivering 100% outside air.
www.Modine.com
Hydronic heat exchanger
With Mitsubishi Electric Cooling and Heatings variable refrigerant flow PWFY hydronic heat exchanger, a closed-circuit water heater available in two sizes and configurations, daily cost of hot water generation is four times less than with a gas heater and 10 times less than with an electric heater. Using waste heat from the cooling cycle, this exchanger can heat water to 115 F and cool water to 50 F in the HEX configuration. In the booster unit configuration, it works with a compressor to heat water to 160 F. Three operation modes provide a full temperature range based on outdoor ambient temperature, and circulation to prevent pipe freeze.
www.MEHVAC.com
59
HVAC/R
Brushless permanent magnet motors
NovaTorques Generation 2.0 PremiumPlus+ 3- and 5-hp brushless permanent magnet motors are designed with a conical, flux-focusing stator and rotor hub geometry, enabling low-cost ferrite magnets to deliver rare-earth-like motor performance. These motors have motor-only rated point efficiencies of 93% and 92% for 3- and 5-hp versions, respectively. Variable frequency drives drive these motors, which are packaged in standard NEMA frame sizes and mounting dimensions for easy substitution. Due to high power density, these motors are available both in the mounting frame size typical for induction motors, as well as one frame size smaller.
www.NovaTorque.com
Air conditioner
MovinCools CMW30 water-cooled, ceilingmount air conditioner is designed for applications with dense heat loads, where an air-cooled model cannot be used due to the lack of available space for hot exhaust air. This units cooling capacity is rated at 29,400 Btu/h total and 22,000 Btu/h sensible for computer rooms. It is 20-in. high; fits above a drop ceiling; includes a built-in mounting bracket, flanges, and vibration isolators; and can be installed using standard hardware. No external condensing unit, refrigerant connections, or charging are necessary. The unit has an IEER of 17.0, made possible by a variable-speed inverter compressor and inverter fan motors.
www.MovinCool.com
Wireless sensor system

Powercast Corp.s Lifetime Power wireless sensor system for HVAC control and building automation powers wireless sensor nodes without batteries or wires, but instead with remote transmitters that broadcast radio frequency energy. This system has three parts: battery-less sensor nodes embedded with Powerharvester receivers so they may be powered wirelessly, the WSG-101 BAS gateway, and the TX91501 Powercaster transmitter. One gateway can scale up to 800 sensor points and 100 sensor nodes including the WSN-1001 temperature and humidity sensor; the WSN-1101 temperature, humidity, and light sensor; and the WSN-1102 CO2 sensor. The gateway interfaces to wired BAS networks via industry-standard protocols.
www.PowercastCo.com
Programmable HVAC/R controller

The Modicon M168 programmable logic controller was designed by Schneider Electric to help OEMs and end users improve performance, optimize costs, and speed time-to-market for HVAC/R machines. Using flexible architectures, customized design, and SoHVAC software, which allows single programming and commissioning, this controller offers solutions for small/medium chillers, rooftop units, refrigeration racks, and air handling units. The Web-enabled capabilities of this controller allow machine OEMs and end users to remotely monitor energy consumption, machine shutdowns, and other problems. The controller can be integrated into building management system platforms through communications protocols to control all building functions.
Variable-speed drives
Schneider Electric designed the new Altivar 212 variable-speed drive and the S-Flex enclosed version to provide OEMs and control panel builders with energy-efficient and economical solutions for pump and fan applications. These ac drives adjust motor speed to the required flow of air or fluids, reducing energy costs by 50%. Electronic motor controls decrease the mechanical stress on belts, piping, and ductwork with no need for valve or inlet guide vane maintenance. Embedded reduced harmonic technology reduces the wire size and the size of upstream overcurrent protection devices and operates 10% more efficiently than typical ac drives.
60
HVAC/R
Chiller plant
The EarthWise ice-enhanced, air-cooled chiller plant from Trane allows building owners, mechanical system designers, and operators to take advantage of less expensive off-peak energy by making ice, which is stored and used for cooling during expensive peak periods. This EarthWise solution provides a predesigned package that streamlines the process of creating and deploying a cooling system that is designed to reduce operating costs and to support the Smart Grid. Standard system configurations include customizable control logic, dashboards, wiring diagrams, and supporting drawings. A packaged skid with pumps, valves, sensors, and ancillary items also is available.
www.Trane.com
In-floor chilled beams
Tates in-floor active chilled beams bring water under the floor to cool air directly at the perimeter of a building, avoiding many concerns of overhead chilled beams including spider ducting, damage from leaking water lines, and latent loads producing condensation. The beam catches cold air as it falls, heats it, and supplies the heated air to the space, saving energy and providing maximum heating performance. The three product options consist of a two-pipe model with supply and return water connections, a four-pipe model featuring two supply and two return water connections, and a twopipe model using electric heat at the perimeter.
www.TateAccessFloors.com
Water source heat pump
The Versatec Base from WaterFurnace combines high-efficiency and value-added features in a compact water source heat pump for water loop and geothermal applications. These units feature a reciprocating single-capacity compressor paired with a PSC blower motor. This heat pump includes an optional two-position water valve, an automatic control valve, and an optional factory-installed, low-pressure drop water solenoid valve for variable-speed pumping applications. The cabinet is made of heavy gauge galvanized steel for corrosion resistance. Standard foil-faced insulation can be upgraded to FormiShield Plus coil coating, which protects against formicary corrosion, or to ThermaShield, which protects against condensation.
www.WaterFurnace.com
Solar-powered diffuser
Titus HVACs EOS is a solar-powered diffuser featuring wireless energy harvesting. This diffuser addresses the imperfect split compromises commonly found in a buildings perimeter system, where half the air discharge is supplied in the heating and half in the cooling configuration. EOS delivers both heating and cooling by using an auto-changeover function powered entirely by solar energy, eliminating the wasteful compromise by automatically changing the air discharge pattern to the correct horizontal or vertical position for heating and cooling applications. With the energy-harvesting feature, this diffuser allows energy savings of about 30% over traditional linear diffusers in the split system.
www.Titus-HVAC.com
61
Lighting
LED floodlight
The Champ FMV LED 100 to 400 W floodlights from Cooper Crouse-Hinds are designed for use in gas or dust hazardous areas, combining 60,000 h rated lamp life with a heat sink designed for high ambient temperatures and thick protective housing. These floodlights can be used for outdoor or indoor applications at a wide range of mounting heights, with high-efficiency drivers, LED arrays, and optics that give the familiar butterfly beam light pattern. Using existing mounting adapters, the floodlights require no new conduit runs during installation. Additional options include a warm white version, a guard to protect each fixture from damage, and a visor for dark sky compliance.
www.Crouse-Hinds.com
LED light fixture

Corelites Loft Micro LED series from Cooper Lighting maintains the elegant and modern style of its fluorescent counterparts with a 17% reduction in power consumption as a direct/indirect LED fixture. This suspended fixture may be mounted individually or continuously with 4-, 8-, and 12-in. modular sections, suited for any application with demanding aesthetic and performance considerations. Available in two microprofile styles with two different lens media, these fixtures showcase Cooper Lightings ALM LED module, delivering a soft, diffuse volume of pure white light on both task and ambient surfaces with a guaranteed system life of 50,000 h.
www.CooperLighting.com
LED luminaires
The Lumark Crosstour LED wall pack luminaire series from Cooper Lighting offers high lumen output and a low-profile design with solutions for wall, surface, post, low-level, and inverted installations on all standard junction boxes without adaptor plates or loose hardware. This fixtures optical reflector projects light in a forward throw direction, while a full cutoff door provides focused illumination, allowing for greater spacing between fixtures. This series includes small and large housing configurations with die-cast aluminum construction, a sealed LED optical chamber, and impact-resistant tempered glass. The luminaires are dark sky friendly and have a projected LED life of 50,000 h.
Fluorescent retrofit kits
Cooper Lightings series of Metalux fluorescent retrofit kits are designed to exceed todays energy needs and guidelines while improving light quality. The Metalux Commercial, OpticaHP, ArcDuo, and Cruze retrofit kits were developed around one platform that combines the latest optical, energy-saving lamp, and ballast technology to consume less energy without any loss in effective lighting. These retrofit kits include unique construction features with Advanced Retrofit Technology, one-piece tool-less reflectors with squeeze and fit mounting capability, and Ready-Set captive and secure self-tapping screws. Additional contractor-friendly features include prewired ballast and assembly, no parts bag, and installation in less than 10 min.
LED luminaires
The Indy LED Designer Cove and Indy LED Multi-Spot luminaires designed by Juno Lighting Group for retail and commercial applications combine flexibility and aesthetics with up to 1,000 lumens of PAR30 halogen, brightwhite light from only 22 W input. Both fixtures offer three beam spreads and feature one, two, or three LED heads, which easily detach from the housing for adjustments. These luminaires recess into ceilings with an open housing design and a rotating, tilting, expandable yoke assembly. With color temperatures of 2,700, 3,000, and 4,100 K and 85 CRI minimum, these luminaires are dimmable and designed for quick installation in suspended grid, plaster, or drywall ceilings.
www.JunoLightingGroup.com
62
Lighting
Mini LED step lights
The Juno Lighting Group LED modular mini step lights are designed for commercial and theatrical applications, consuming 2.6 W and available in four distinct optics that can be horizontally or vertically mounted. When used with Juno electronic low-voltage dimmers, the LED driver has a 100% to 20% or better dimming range and can accommodate an input voltage of 120 Vac at 60 Hz. An outdoor version of these step lights is UL and cUL listed for wet locations with corrosion-resistant paint, and gaskets protecting against contaminants. These lights are field interchangeable in standard j-boxes, mounted directly to an aluminum heat sink, and available in 3,000 and 4,100 K color temperatures.
www.JunoLightingGroup.com
Architectural coffer LED

Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting ACLED is an indoor volumetric LED luminaire delivering ambient white light in a classic yet contemporary architectural style with a standard deep regressed door frame and step baffles. This luminaire provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. The ACLED creates volumetric light through frosted acrylic tile without extending below the ceiling plane. It is available in a 2x2-ft configuration and features 3,300 delivered lumens at 41 input W.
www.Lithonia.com
Occupancy light sensor

The PlugTail P&S PlugTail Sensor was designed by Legrand/Pass & Seymour to help contractors meet ASHRAE energy-efficiency standards and government incentive requirements, sensing occupancy and responding with light. At roughin, the pre-stripped connector leads are installed instead of pigtails without the need for a wire caddy. A polybag keeps the connector free of dirt, dust, and joint compound until trim-out, and this device is installed on existing PlugTail switch boxes in less than a minute by clicking the connector and tightening the mounting screws. These 60 Hz occupancy light sensors are designed with load maximums of 800 W at 120 V and 1,200 W at 277 V.
www.Legrand.us
LED luminaire Volumetric LED illumination

Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting RTLED RELIGHT assembly kit provides indoor volumetric illumination in easy one-to-one fixture replacement installs from below the ceiling, with energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and flexible, embedded nLight control options. All electrical components are shipped installed and prewired on the light engine for simple electrical connection via the installed driver quick disconnect. Controlling high-angle light, this lighting reduces glare for most computer monitors and displays. This luminaire kit is available in 2x2-ft and 2x4-ft configurations for deep-cell parabolic and lensed troffer fluorescent fixture upgrades.
www.Lithonia.com
Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting STLED is an indoor surface-mount LED luminaire with a high-efficacy light engine for general ambient lighting applications. This luminaire provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. Volumetric illumination is achieved by creating an optimal mix of light to vertical and horizontal work surfaces, and an angled mounting surface combined with a crescentshape linear faceted refractor system obscures and integrates individual LED images and uniformly washes fixture surface with light.
www.Lithonia.com
63
Lighting
Lighting control relay panel
The Schneider Electric LPL lighting control relay panel with LonWorks protocol offers cost-effective and codecompliant lighting control. The LPL is prepackaged in standard configurations available with 8, 16, 32, 48, or 64 heavy-duty and/or plug-in relays, relay controllers, and optional time clock and input controllers. The heavy-duty relays carry up to 20 A full load and are rated for over 120,000 mechanical operations. Whether from a standalone system, a soft-wired networked panels system, or a fully programmable network system, the LPL supports all common sequences encountered in lighting control with software scheduling, event programming, daylight harvesting, and motion sensing inputs.
Troffer LED
Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting TLED is a general-purpose lighting troffer, expanding the range of the companys indoor LED ambient lighting solutions. The TLED delivers high-quality ambient white light for general illumination while reducing energy consumption, maintenance costs, and a buildings environmental footprint. It features nLight enabled controls to achieve enhanced energy savings and faster ROI. The TLED is available in a 2x2-ft configuration and features 3,300 delivered lumens at 41 input W.
www.Lithonia.com
Volumetric LED fixture

Acuity Brands Lithonia Lighting VTLED is a volumetric LED luminaire designed for general-purpose illumination environments. It provides energy savings from the use of LED lighting, full range dimming, and a plug-and-play dataport for the embedded nLight controls interface that allows for constant system monitoring and lumen management and compensation. The linear faceted reflector cavity softens and distributes light while minimizing luminous contrast between the fixture and ceiling. This fixture may be mounted and wired in continuous rows, and is available in a 2x2-ft configuration with a 2,200 or 3,200 lumen package and a 2x4-ft configuration delivering 4,600 lumens, with an efficacy up to 96 lumens/W.
www.Lithonia.com
WAGOs 2060 Series 1-, 2-, and 3-pole SMD terminal blocks bring push-button actuation to PCB-based LED lighting and compact electronic devices, eliminating specialty tools to meet torque specs and increase connection reliability. Flexible or stranded conductors use the push button for termination/removal. The buttons are concaved and slotted for actuation via ballpoint pen or small screwdriver. CAGE CLAMP terminations are maintenancefree, and vibration- and thermal-cycling resistant to exceed LED longevity. These terminal blocs are UL/ cUL recognized: 1-pole units carry a 600 V/9 A rating; 2- and 3-pole models are rated 250 V/9 A. Just 4.5 mm high, these devices also suit electronics requiring low-profile SMT components.
www.WAGO.us
Terminal blocks
Outdoor lighting sensor
WattStopper developed this FSP-211 digital high/low passive IR fixture integrated outdoor sensor to control lighting in areas such as parking facilities and pedestrian pathways. This sensor mounts in the bottom of a lighting fixture and raises or lowers the electric lighting level to high, low, or off based on motion and ambient lighting. A wireless handheld infrared tool controls options for high/low mode, sensitivity, and time delay. This sensor works with LED and fluorescent lighting, including 0 to 10 V dimmable ballasts. It is IP66 rated in wet and cold locations, and a choice of four lenses ensures light coverage for mounting heights ranging from 8 to 40 ft.
www.WattStopper.com
64
Plumbing and water management

Toilet valve
This Selectronic commercial hands-free, battery-powered, dual-flush toilet valve from American Standard automatically adjusts flush volume. The valve releases a light flush when motion is detected for less than 60 secs. Otherwise, a standard flush volume is used. The sensors range is preset at the factory and can be adjusted either manually or via remote control. Valve features include a self-cleaning piston, chemical-resistant seals, and piston operation that eliminates rubber diaphragms. This valve is offered as a complete 11- or 27-in. rough-in version, as well as a retrofit model without the stop valve and vacuum breaker.
www.AmericanStandard.com
Pressure pipe
Aquatherm has extended its Greenpipe potable water pipe line up to an 18-in. diameter, and the Climatherm HVAC pipe line up to a 24-in. diameter. These large polypropylene-random pipes are recyclable and ideal for large chilled water systems. The pipes have a reduced standard dimension ratio of pipe diameter to wall thickness in order to keep weight and costs down. Systems using Climatherm SDR 17.6 or Greenpipe SDR 11 are connected via heat fusion, which turns the pipe and fitting into a single material, creating durable monolithic connections that eliminate toxic materials, glues, resins, and open flames from piping installations.
www.AquathermPipe.com
Faucet
Chicago Faucets concealed undermount faucet features a retrofittable restrictedswing spout option that keeps the water off the deck and in the sink, complementing vandal-proof outlets and handles for high-abuse installations. A one-piece, cast brass body delivers durability and strength with flexible stainless steel hoses for adjustability. Fewer parts and pre-assembled components allow one-person installation and reduced maintenance. This faucet features a fully threaded valve body that adjusts to almost any deck thickness, using interchangeable handles, spouts, outlets, and cartridges from the company. To meet the latest codes and standards, options include ECAST faucets for lead-reduction laws and CALGreen-compliant models.
www.ChicagoFaucets.com
Water heater
A natural gas engine powers the Ilios high-efficiency water heater from Ilios Dynamics, a subsidiary of Tecogen. The modular unit captures and repurposes waste heat with a 1.2 to 1.8 coefficient of performance, offering up to twice the efficiency and half the fuel consumption of a conventional gas-fired boiler. This water heater can produce 400,000 to 600,000 Btu/hr of hot water for domestic, commercial, and industrial facilities, and it is scalable to serve larger thermal loads with a gas demand of 2,000 therms per month or more. With Tecogens ultra-low emissions exhaust, criteria pollutants are reduced to near zero. Federal investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation are available, reducing the payback time to an estimated four-year range.
www.IliosDynamics.com
Faucet
This KWC AVA single-lever, fixedspout basin faucet with COOLFIX technology provides cold water in the standard middle position. The only way to draw warm water is to rotate the lever clockwise and away from the middle position. This basin faucet also incorporates the Neoperl Cach aerator, which reduces water flow from the conventional 2.5 gpm to 1.5 gpm. The slim proportions and cubic contours of this faucet are designed to offer years of reliable service with minimal maintenance. Features include continuously variable flow rate and temperature, flexible connection hoses with 3/8in. compression, and fastening by means of a threaded sleeve M33 x 1.5.
www.KWC.us.com
65
Plumbing and water management

Shower system
Moen Commercials slide-bar grab-bar shower system provides a safe and environmentally friendly solution for commercial showering applications. This system includes a chrome hand shower and a heavy-duty 1-in.-diameter stainless steel, ADA-compliant grab bar. The hand shower includes a nonpositive pause function, and the grab bar can be mounted to hold up to 500 lbs at any angle with no studs required. Three flow rates are available: 1.5 gpm or 1.75 gpm eco-performance models, and a 2.5 gpm model. This system features balance pressure to maintain temperature, integral stops allowing water supply shutoff at the valve, and brass Posi-Temp rough-in values with adjustable temperature limit stops.
www.MoenCommercial.com
Water control valve

The Circuit Solver Thermostatic Recirculation Valve (TRV) from Therm-Omega-Tech eliminates oversize recirculating pumps, minimizes heat loss, and lowers flow in hot water return lines. Installed on each hot water supply branch line immediately downstream of the last runout to a hot tap, this valve includes a thermal actuator that opens or closes to establish a flow rate that maintains water temperature within 3 F of the setpoint. This TRV is available for a multibranch domestic hot water system or a system with no branches, saving energy by modulating flow to precisely match system heat loss. It is rated for at least 200,000 cycles, is NSF-61 certified, and meets ANSI/AWWA C800.
www.ThermOmegaTech.com
Pipe press
Viega designed the MegaPress and MegaPressG systems for installing schedule 5 to schedule 40 black iron pipe in sizes of to 2 in. The systems make watertight and airtight connections in less than seven seconds under flow conditions without hot permits, welding rods, or cutting oils. The systems use a stainless-steel grip ring with an EPDM sealing element for the MegaPress system that is ASME B31compliant for pressure and boiler piping, or HNBR for the MegaPressG system that is CSA LC4-compliant for fuel gas and oil applications. The companys Smart Connect feature quickly and easily identifies connections that need pressing.
www.Viega.com
Water control valve

This drain tempering valve (DTV) from Therm-Omega-Tech is designed for applications where discharge flow to a drain or sewer must be tempered. Hot effluent passes over the thermal actuator, which opens the cold water inlet port only when the effluent exceeds a specific setpoint temperature. As the hot effluent cools, the DTV automatically modulates to reduce the cold water inlet flow. At about 10 F below the full open temperature, the cold water inlet is fully closed to conserve water. This self-operating, clog-resistant valve requires no outside power source and is easy to install with standard pipe fittings and tools.
www.ThermOmegaTech.com
Water heater tank

PVI Industries designed the AquaPLEX hot water storage vessel, which eliminates the need for tank linings. This tank is a blend of austenitic and ferritic steels that combine grain structures to make it highly resistant to various types of corrosion, higher in tensile and yield strength than carbon steel, and typically 15% less in weight than a polymer- or nickel-lined water heater. A passive layer of protection is formed when the high chromium content combines with the oxygen, resulting in virtually no material loss or corrosion when the tank is exposed to the dissolved oxygen or other aggressive agents found in potable waters.
www.PVI.com
Pipe press system

Victaulic designed the Vic-Press, a flame-free press system that joins pipe in seconds. This pressto-connect system, designed for off-the-shelf stainless steel pipe, is an industrial-grade solution for quickly and reliably joining smalldiameter piping systems. Pipe is cut to size and deburred, marked for visual verification, and inserted into a lubricated coupling, fitting, or valve. A handheld tool presses the component onto the pipeend, providing a positive mechanical interlock and creating a rigid, permanent, leak-tight joint. Press detection technology confirms any unpressed joints as the system is filled. This system reduces rework and requires 70% fewer hours than welding to install.
www.Victaulic.com
66
Software: design, modeling, analysis

Electrical design software
Design Master Software has improved support for 3-DBIM in Design Master Electrical 8.0, which can now export an IFC file for 3-D collision detection. This software runs inside AutoCAD and its 3-D model now includes conduits, cable trays, and vertical panel clearances, which are exported as 3-D solids in the IFC file. This software update also includes a material takeoff feature available to all users, equipment sizing based on MCA and MOCP, an improved voltage drop schedule, a command to update all schedules on the drawing, a toggle to hide devices in one-line diagram, a command to join broken circuits, and motor voltage options above 600 V.
www.DesignMaster.biz
Data center management software

Schneider Electrics StruxureWare for data centers is a secondgeneration, vendor-neutral management software suite that enables an integrated view of the physical systems of the data center to provide data gathering, monitoring and automation, and planning and implementation functionalities. From a single point of access, it provides intelligent monitoring, automation, planning, and reporting on critical facility management systems. This software consists of seven applications that provide users with multiple options to create and share management dashboards, from detailed reports on single assets to broader perspectives for global operations. The dashboards offer multisite options to support comparisons and corporate energy governance activities.
www.Schneider-Electric.com
Building efficiency system

Panoptix is a combination of software and services designed by Johnson Controls to monitor and improve building performance for any size facility. The software includes an open technology platform for collecting and managing data from disparate building systems and other data sources, as well as a suite of cloudhosted building efficiency applications that work with any building management system. The system includes four applications that detect abnormal energy consumption, track energy usage and carbon emissions, create energy baseline models, and provide comparative analysis. With Panoptix, the company provides building and energy services to help customers implement operational improvements and energysavings measures on-site, online, and by phone.
www.JohnsonControls.com
67
Test instruments, meters, data loggers

Power quality analyzers
The Fluke 430 Series II three-phase power quality and energy analyzers are handheld tools that measure electrical power consumption, quantify wasted energy, and improve the performance and lifespan of electromechanical equipment. Three measurement functions are combined with hardware, software, and firmware improvements. The Unified Power function provides the ability to calculate the monetary cost of the wasted energy and to automatically quantify the energy wasted by harmonics and unbalance. The Inverter Efficiency function simultaneously measures the input and output power inverters. The 435 model includes PowerWave, a fast capture system that displays waveforms, half-cycle RMS voltage, and current values to measure interaction during switching operations. These analyzers have up to 32 GB memory, a swappable SD memory card, and USB connectivity.
www.Fluke.com
Thermal imagers
Fluke added four additional products to the P3 Series thermal imagers: the Ti27 and Ti29 models measure temperature from -20 to 600 C with a high temperature color alarm for industrial applications, and the TiR27 and TiR29 models measure temperature from -20 to 150 C with a low temperature or dewpoint color alarm for building inspection and maintenance applications. These thermal imagers feature interchangeable lenses, 76,800 total pixel image count for the Ti32/TiR32 models, thermal and spatial resolution with Fluke IR-Fusion that simultaneously displays visible light and infrared images, and Fluke SmartView professional IR software for viewing, annotating, editing, and analyzing.
www.Fluke.com
Smart meters
Levitons Series 3000 line of UL-listed smart meters measure power use in a building with enhanced measurement functionality, greater communications capabilities, and indicators to ensure proper installation and accurate data collection. Designed for commercial, institutional, industrial, and government applications, these meters monitor power consumption for individual tenants, departments, and pieces of equipment, or other loads, to account for their actual energy usage. They measure kWh, demand, instantaneous power, V, A, W, VAR, and VA per phase. These meters are equipped with an isolated pulse output channel and an RS-485 two-way serial port and open architecture platform for integration with AMR/BAS/BMS/ EMS systems.
www.Leviton.com
68
Your budget does more when your facility consumes less.

Siemens can help your facility become smarter, more efficient and green. usa.siemens.com/efficient
Operations can account for 60% of the life cycle cost of a building, so managing energy and operational efciency is critical to maintaining your facilitys overall value. And it gets harder with age. Siemens experts can help your facility do more for less. We take the time to understand your operations and longterm business requirements. We then provide answers
tailored to meet your specic needs and budget constraints. With strategies, systems, services and nancing options designed to maximize building performance, we can help your building reach peak efciency at any stage in its life cycle. Greater ef ciency means less waste, an improved environmental impact and more for your bottom line.
Answers for infrastructure.
Product & Literature Digest

Fikes Integrated Voice Messaging System
Fikes advanced Integrated Voice Messaging system is now Listed to the new UL 2572 Mass Notification Systems standard, making it ideal for Mass Notification (MNS) or Emergency Communication (ECS) Systems. Additionally, Fike's ECS system offers several key product enhancements, including an optional Local Operating Console (LOC) or remote microphone. For more information, visit http://www.fike.com/products/faive.html. Email: fpssales@fike.com Phone: 866-758-6004
Input #100 at www.csemag.com/information
Earn FREE AIA accredited learning units or professional development hours (PDH) while learning about the latest industry trends.
View on-demand Webcasts for free at
www.csemag.com/webcast
Update on the 2011 National Electric Code How Secure Power Can Add to Your Bottom Line Driving Cooling Efficiencies in the Data Center Update on Codes, Standards, and Regulations for Standby/Emergency Systems
Standby/Emergency Systems
Uponor 2012 Product Catalog
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Upload your Digital Ads to the CFE Ad Portal.

Sign up today... its FREE!
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Place Your Advertisement TODAY!

For further information on advertising contact: Tom Corcoran at 215-275-6420 email: tcorcoran@cfemedia.com
The new 2012 Uponor Product Catalog is now available for orderIts Easy and2/27/2012 3:24:37 PM and downloadSecure! ing ing from www. Log on today at http://ads.cfemedia.com and uponorpro.com. start using this simple, fast and convenient service! With a compreFollow the easy step-by-step instructions to submit hensive offering a new ad. Once uploaded, review your ad on screen for compliancy, then approve for submission. of quality products for plumbing, radiThe portal also offers helpful tips for pdf creation, plus a useful archive and status report of all ads ant floor heating and cooling and you have submitted. pre-insulated pipe systems, Uponor is the superior solution for all your http://ads.cfemedia.com commercial applications. To learn more, visit www.uponorpro.com or 9/14/2010 5:22:05 PM call 800.321.4739.
70
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Advertiser Index
Request more information about products and advertisers in this issue by using the http://csemag.com/information link and reader service number located near each item. If youre reading the digital edition, the link will be live. You may also check the circle adjacent the page reference to indicate which companies you are interested in, then FAX this back to CSE at 630-214-4504 for FREE information. When you contact a company directly, please let them know you read about them in Consulting-Specifying Engineer.
Reader Service #
PUBLICATION SERVICES
Jim Langhenry, Co-Founder and Publisher, CFE Media 630-571-4070, x2203; Jlanghenry@CFEMedia.com Steve Rourke, Co-Founder, CFE Media 630-571-4070, x2204, SRourke@CFEMedia.com Trudy Kelly, Executive Assistant 630-571-4070, x2205, TKelly@CFEMedia.com Elena Moeller-Younger, Marketing Manager 630-571-4070, x2215; EMYounger@CFEMedia.com Michael Smith, Creative Director 630-779-8910, MSmith@CFEMedia.com Paul Brouch, Web Production Manager 630-571-4070, x2208, PBrouch@CFEMedia.com Michael Rotz, Print Production Manager 717-766-0211 x4207, Fax: 717-506-7238 mike.rotz@frycomm.com Jeff Adee, Direct Mail List Services 630-288-8323; jadee@mardevdm2.com Rick Ellis, Audience Management Director Phone: 303-246-1250; REllis@CFEMedia.com letters to the editor Please e-mail us your opinions to ARozgus@CFEMedia.com or fax us at 630-214-4504. Letters should include name, company, and address, and may be edited for space and clarity. Information For a Media Kit or Editorial Calendar, email Trudy Kelly at: TKelly@CFEMedia.com.
Company
Page
Phone #
Web site
Send Info
Acuity Brands Controls .................. 11 ....................6 ................770-922-9000................. www.acuitybrandscontrols.com ........... Aquatherm, Inc. .............................. 26 ....................13 ..............801-805-6657................. www.aquatherm.com ............................ Baldor Electric Company ................ C-2...................1 ................479-646-4711................. www.baldor.com .................................... Caterpillar Inc. ................................. 39 ....................18 ..............309-675-4096................. www.catelectricpowerinfo.com/pm..... Edwards, a UTC Fire & Security Company .......................... 16 ....................9 ................941-739-4226................. www.utc reandsecurity.com ................ Electro Static Technology Inc ......... 44 ....................21 ..............866-738-1857................. www.est-aegis.com................................ E-Newsletters .................................. 26 .......................................630-571-4070................. www.csemag.com .................................. Generac Power Systems, Inc.......... 1 ......................2 ................800-436-3722................. www.generac.com ................................. Hubbell Incorporated ..................... 31 ....................15 ..............475-882-4000................. www.hubbell.com .................................. Industrial Automation North America at IMTS 2012 ......... 69 .......................................312-924-1688................. www.ia-na.com ...................................... Leviton Manufacturing Co............. 41 ....................19 ..............800-323-8920................. www.Leviton.com .................................. Lutron Electronics Co...................... C-4...................24 ..............888-588-7671................. www.lutron.com .................................... Metra ex......................................... 20 ....................11 ..............312-738-3800................. www.Metra ex.com .............................. Mitsubishi Electric Cooling and Heating Solutions ................... 6 ......................5 ................800-433-4822................. www.mitsubishipro.com .......................
REPRINTS
For custom reprints or electronic usage, contact: Wrights Media Nick Iademarco Phone: 877-652-5295 ext. 102 Email: niademarco@wrightsmedia.com
MTU Onsite Energy ........................ 5 ......................4 ................920-451-0846................. www.mtu-online.com ............................ PowerSecure, Inc. ........................... 43 ....................20 ..............866-347-5455................. www.powersecure.com ......................... Pritchard Brown .............................. 13 ....................7 ................800-231-2258................. www.pritchardbrown.com .................... Reliable Controls............................. 27 ....................14 ..............250-475-2036................. www.reliablecontrols.com/contact ...... Russelectric Inc ................................ 21 ....................12 ..............800-225-5250................. www.russelectric.com ............................
PUBLICATION SALES
Midwest Matt Waddell MWaddel@CFEMedia.com 1111 West 22nd St. Suite 250 Tel. 312-961-6840 Oak Brook, Illinois 60523 Fax 630-214-4504 West, TX, OK Tom Corcoran, TCorcoran@CFEMedia.com 1111 W. 22nd St. Suite 250, Tel. 215-275-6420 Oak Brook, IL 60523 Fax. 484-631-0598 Northeast Richard A. Groth Jr. RGroth@CFEMedia.com 12 Pine Street Tel. 774-277-7266 Franklin, MA 02038 Fax 508-590-0432 International Stuart Smith, SSM Global Media Ltd.
Schweitzer Engineering Labs ........ 33 ....................16 ..............509-336-7946................. www.selinc.com ..................................... Solutions for Engineers.................. 46 .......................................630-571-4070................. www.csemag.com .................................. Therm-Omega-Tech Inc .................. 52 ....................22 ..............877-379-8258................. www.ThermOmegaTech.com/CSE ........ Thomas & Betts Corporation ......... 15 ....................8 ................901-252-8000................. www.tnb.com ......................................... Universal Electric Corp ................... 35 ....................17 ..............800-245-6378................. www.uecorp.com ................................... Uponor, Inc. ..................................... 18 ....................10 ..............800-321-4739................. www.uponorengineering.com.............. Wheatland Tube JMC Steel Group ............................. 2 ......................3 ................800-257-8182................. www.wheatland.com ............................ Yaskawa America Inc ..................... C-3...................23 ..............800-927-5292................. www.yaskawa.com ................................
Need More Info? FAX this page to: 630-214-4504

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Consulting-Specifying Engineer does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any person for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the Advertiser contacts regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident, or any other cause whatsoever. www.csemag.com Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012
71
2 More Minutes
Mentoring is the way it is at Midwest firm

profile
Firm: KJWW Engineering Consultants Location: Rock Island, Ill. Employees: More than 400 Company description: KJWW Engineering provides consulting engineering services for building and infrastructure systems. As an employee-owned firm, KJWW offers a combination of mechanical, electrical, structural, technology, acoustics, architectural lighting, and medical equipment planning services for the highest level of integration among interdependent systems.
Q: Describe the formal technical mentoring program at KJWW.
A: We mentor experienced and inexperienced new hires. It is important to provide a strong technical foundation, introduce KJWW standards and processes, and integrate new staff into the KJWW community. We use progress reports and discipline-specific competency/experience worksheets. Staff are introduced to design topics, provided with projects using those concepts, and then are rated on their ability to work independently. There is suggested modular training, and the mentors review homework and answer questions. At first, new staff members need considerable attention; it is time-consuming, but the payoffs come as they learn where and how to find information and where and who to go to for additional information and support. Mentoring provides a system for orderly growth. There were 17 engineers being mentored in November of 2004, and in 2008 there were more than 275 mentees. More than half of our staff was being mentored. At the time, we were growing rapidly, had acquired another firm, and added another firm location. Currently, there are 64 employees in our technical mentoring programmore than half of them are in our India office. Q: How is your informal mentoring proA: A new team structure has enhanced our staffs opportunity to receive very individual attention from team leaders, supervisors, and client executives. We truly have an open-door policy, and it is not uncommon to see a relatively inexperienced engineer sitting with one of our principals or associate principals. KJWW staff are
gram structured?
great storytellers and are happy to talk about past experiences and share war stories. This type of informal mentoring is really ingrained in the KJWW culture. We have tried to leverage these experiencesharing opportunities with noon seminars, where we feature one or two seasoned staff members in video conference conversations with all U.S. locations. Q: What does KJWW offer for staff in its A: An outside organizational psychologist assists KJWW with our Leadership Development project. This begins a process of increased self-awareness and strength development. The human resources department and education managers facilitate quarterly discussions on relevant leadership topics (characteristics of leadership, how to motivate, communication, etc.), and staff can be matched with internal coaches if they choose. Q: Where does all of this mentoring take A: On the job, at lunch, traveling to jobsites, during noon seminars with small and medium enterprises. As a matter of fact, most interactions are informal knowledge-gathering opportunities. Even our Business Program instructors enjoy KJWW staff. They come early or stay after class to talk with individuals and they are available via e-mail or phone to support staff development. As mentioned earlier, education is part of our culture. Its very much organized like a family: parents teach children and children teach younger childrenwith the oversight of the parents. And most staff do not even ask why? Its just the way it is at KJWW.
www.csemag.com
Leadership Development program?
place?
Brandon Pierson, PE, LEED AP (left), a senior mechanical engineer at KJWW, reviews a design strategy with mechanical engineer Rachel Korth. Courtesy: KJWW
72
TWENTY-FIVE
One red cup sits on a small bleacher area for each of the associates on the line in our Buffalo Grove, Illinois manufacturing and distribution center. In those cups, we put any screws damaged during our processes. Know how many screws we collect on average each month? Twenty-ve. Thats right. Only 25 damaged screws for every 40,000 processed. Pretty impressive, huh? At Yaskawa, our people are committed to quality because to them its not just a job its personal. Never compromise on quality. Call Yaskawa today.
YA S K A W A A M E R I C A , I N C . DRIVES & MOTION DIVISION 1 - 8 0 0 - YA S K A W A YA S K A W A . C O M

Follow us: For more info:
http://Ez.com/yai302
2012 Yaskawa America Inc.
Meet building energy codes simply and affordably with Lutron solutions
Occupancy sensing for any application
Application spaces

Break rooms Private ofces Open ofces Conference rooms Hallways Stairwells Restrooms
Ceiling-mount Radio Powr SavrTM occupancy sensor
Wall-mount Radio Powr Savr occupancy sensor
In-wall Maestro occupancy sensing switch
Meet and exceed building energy codes

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Automatic Receptacle Control (8.4.2) Automatic Lighting Shut-off (9.4.1.1) Space Control (9.4.1.2) Additional Controls, Stairwell Lighting (9.4.1.6 g) IECC 2012 Light Reduction Controls (C405.2.1.2) Occupancy Sensors (C405.2.2.2) CA Title 24 2008 Area Controls (131 a) Shut-off Controls (131 d) Specify Lutron on your next project to dramatically reduce lighting energy consumption. Learn more by visiting www.lutron.com/RPS
2012 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | P/N 368-2590 REV A input #24 at www.csemag.com/information

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Standby

for Big Power

2011 Baldor Electric Company

How do you define redundancy?

EMT in any color,

red, white & blue.

FEATURES 28 | Specifying LEDs for commercial use

36 | Code strategies for mixed occupancy buildings

45 | 2012 Product of the Year Finalists

19 | Codes & Standards

71 | Advertiser Index 72 | 2 More Minutes

online now csemag.com

Codes and odes standards andards

Fire systems: Protecting hospitals

Are you an MEP Giant?

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

MORE THAN A BACKUP PLAN. TOTAL POWER SOLUTIONS.

CONTENT SPECIALISTS/ EDITORIAL

PATRICK LYNCH, Project Manager

AMANDA MCLEMAN, Project Manager BOB VAVRA, Content Manager

Amara Rozgus Editor in Chief

630-571-4070, x2212, BVavra@CFEMedia.com 630-571-4070, x2214, MHoske@CFEMedia.com 630-571-4070, x2213, PWelander@CFEMedia.com

MARK HOSKE, Content Manager

The magic of innovation

PETER WELANDER, Content Manager

MICHAEL SMITH, Creative Director

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

PATRICK BANSE, PE, LEED AP, PAUL BEARN, PE,

RAJ P. GUPTA, PE, LEED AP, GERSIL KAY,

WILLIAM KOSIK, PE, LEED AP,

TIMOTHY E. KUHLMAN, PE, RCDD,

KEITH LANE, PE, RCDD, LC, LEED AP,

KENNETH L. LOVORN, PE, ALI MAHMOOD, PE,

ERIN MCCONAHEY, PE,

SYED PEERAN, PE, Ph.D.,

Send your questions and comments to:

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

Paul Bearn, PE Electrical services engineer, KlingStubbins, Philadelphia

Erin McConahey, PE, LEED AP Principal, Arup, Los Angeles

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

Bearn: As weve increased our interna-

experience have led to repeat business.

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

specifically allow this important design flexibility.

Bearn: Backup power systems need to

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

State-of-the-art shelters and system i t ti d t integration.

BALTIMORE, MD | 800.231.2258 | WWW.PRITCHARDBROWN.COM

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

Electrical products for hazardous areas

MaxGard Interlocked and Non-Interlocked Receptacles

Explosion-Proof GUA Conduit Outlet Boxes

XP Flex Explosion-Proof Flexible Couplings

Connection using discreet cables

Connection using Kopex-Ex conduit

STAR TECK EXTREME DIRECTOR

Tips for effective meetings

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012

input #10 at www.csemag.com/information

Codes & Standards

Consulting-Specifying Engineer APRIL 2012