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0.025 0.025
0.02 0.02
0.015 0.015
0.01 0.01
0.005 0.005
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
1
as well. By analogy. we can expect that h(x) and Nu(x) will also decrease with
distance along the plate.
0.03
x=1m
x=2m
0.025 x=3m
0.02
y [m]
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
u [m/s]
Figure 2: Velocity profiles at three locations along the plate plotted on a sinlge
axis.
The rate of heat transfer will be highest where the gradients are highest,
and clearly this occurs at the leading edge. From our dimensional analysis, we
expect
h ∝ cf P r n (3)
since
Example
Consider airflow over a plate of length 1m. Assume transition to turbulence
occurs at xc = 0.5m, with Rec = 5 × 105 . Given hl am(x) = Clam x−0.5 and
hturb (x) = Cturb x−0.2 , with Cl am = 8.845W/(m3/2 K) and Cturb = 49.75W/(m1.8K).
1. Using air at 350 K determine U∞
2. Develop an expression for the average convection coefficient as a function
of distance from the leading edge, for the laminar region.
3. Develop an expression for the average convection coefficient, hturb (x) as a
function of distance from the leading edge, for the turbulent region.
2
4. Plot the local and average coefficients for (0 x L)
Solution
a)
Assumptions: hlam (x) is as given, constant fluid properties.
Properties: Air @350K, Table A.4 ν = 20.92 × 10−6 m2 /s
U∞ xc
Rex,c = (6)
ν
b)
1 x
hlam (x) = hlam (x)dx
x 0
1
= Clam (2)x1/2
x
Clam
= 2 1/2
x
At any point, the average convection coefficient up to that point is twice the
local value.
c)
The average convection coefficient in the turbulent region must account for the
laminar portion at the beginning of the plate.
xc x
1 1
hturb (x) = hlam (x)dx + hturb (x)dx
xc 0 x − xc xc
x
2Clam x0.5
c Cturb x0.8
= +
xc x − xc 0.8 xc
Clam −0.2 x0.8
c
= 2 1/2 + 1.25Cturb x −
x x
d)
3
Variation of Average and local h
80
hlam
Average(hlam)
hturb
70 Average(hturb)
60
50
h [W/m2K
40
30
20
10
0 0.5 1 1.5
x [m]