97.10.

24

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Topics
1.

2.

3.

4.

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1.64% (DOE/US)
65% (EU-Motor Challenge Program)
70% (2005
2.2007117282070%
(
(motor-driven)

, 30%

70%

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7%

18%

16%

1%

36%

22%

1.

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(fan)

7%
7620Pa7%

(
)

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(Pressure)


1 atm=29.92 in. Hg=760 mm Hg=14.7 lbf/in2 (psi) =1.01102 kPa=1.01
105 N/m2=407.5 in. H2O = 1.0133 bar = 1.0333 kg/cm2
=-

TP = h w

SP = h w

Copyright 2008 ITRI

VP = h w


By (TP1 = SP1+VP1 = SP2+VP2 = TP2)
(Bernoullis Equation)

P+

2 gc

SP

VP =

+ Z = Constant

VP

g
gc

TP

V 2
2 gc

V = 4 . 043 VP
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( =

(SI) Vm/sVPmmH2O

-






-
25%
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()

Fan (performance) curve:

Show the relationship between
the quantity of air a fan will
deliver and the pressure
generated at various air
quantities.

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(System effect)

Friction lossresistance to airflow caused by duct size, roughness of
duct walls, and air velocity
Dynamic lossresistance to airflow caused by changes in air velocity
and direction
Pressure lossresistance to airflow caused by components such as
diffusers, coils, and filters
()

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()

System (Resistance) Curves:

System resistance curves are a
graphical representation of how a
system reacts to a given airflow.
The system resistance is the sum
of all pressure losses through the
duct, all elbows, filters, dampers,
coils and any other device that
resists flow.

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BEP

(stall)
(trace)
Surge

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Note:

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-





3

2050
50

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(Centrifugal)

(Axial)

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-(Forward-Curved Blades)

5566

HVAC

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-(Radial-Blade)

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- (Radial-Tip)

75

(angle of
attack)

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-
(Backward-Inclined Fans)

85%

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()

(stall)

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-(Propeller Fans)

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- (Tubeaxial Fans)

HVAC

(Rated
velocity)
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-(Vaneaxial Fan)

85%

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Wheel Type

Static Pressure
(inches Water
Gauge)

Wheel
Diameter
(inches)

Air Flow
(CPM)

Break Horse
Power
(bhp)

Backward
Inclined

0 - 12

10 - 75

500 - 125,000

1/3 - 200

Backward
Inclined Airfoil

0 - 14

20 - 120

1,500 - 450,000

1/3 - 1500

Propeller
Axial

Direct Drive

0-1

10 - 50

50 - 50,000

1/6 - 10

Tube Axial

Direct Drive

0-1

20 - 50

2,500 - 50,000

1/3 - 15

Tubular
Centrifugal

Backward
Inclined

0 - 10

10 - 110

500 - 350,000

1/3 - 750

Vane Axial

Direct Drive

0-5

20 - 60

1,200 - 150,000

1/3 - 150

Fan Type

Centrifugal

Copyright 2008 ITRI

f = pt * q / P (total pressure eff.)

Fan efficiency is the ratio between the
power transferred to the air stream and the where
f = fan efficiency (values between 0 ~ 1)
power delivered by the motor to the fan.
pt = total pressure (Pa) increase in the fan
q = air volume delivered by the fan (m3/s)
P = power used by the fan (W, Nm/s)

Efficiency versus Flowrate

Copyright 2008 ITRI

Efficiency of Various Fans


The pressure head of different types of fans
with equal periphery speed of the wheel

Centrifugal fans with forwarded blades are suited for

application with higher air flow volumes and pressures.
Axial propeller fans are more suited for applications
with lower volumes and pressures.

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25

damper

damper

damper

VFD1.5
2

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2.

Copyright 2008 ITRI

M2M Machine to Machine integration

Online Asset health monitoring
Automated decision support / analytics
Push info to workforce on any device
RFID

Push Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance
Maintain when a potential failure is identified

Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance at a fixed frequency

Reactive Maintenance
Service assets as needed
Reactive

Proactive

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Analytic




(300hp)

3600rpm1800rpm1200rpm

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-
510
200510

11

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-
180

41
4101

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VV

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V
V

6010
60

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CL
CL

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-
Coeff. of Leakage

Ref:
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National, Association, Inc.
SMACNA
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning ASHRAE
ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for Building Except Low-Rise Residential Building

Copyright 2008 ITRI

-
(turbulence)

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Decibel (dB)
20
Pa 0 dB
200 Pa
140 dB

L P = 10 log 10

P2
P02

(20Pa)
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3.

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Turning Vanes
(typically used on
short radius elbows)
Outlet
Diffusers
Heat
Exchanger
Baffles

Filter

Inlet
Vanes
Motor
Controller

Centrifugal
Fan
Belt Drive

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Variable Frequency Drive

Motor

V

V

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-
T

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-
T

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f
101260

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dampervanes
(vanes)


damper

/damper
damper

Damper

surge

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1. (Outlet Dampers)

ABC

2. (Variable
Inlet Guide Vanes)

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3. (Variable pitch fan)

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2
3

VFD( )VFDs

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damper

1
500

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VFD

VFD

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BEP

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Compartmentalization
HEPA filter
HEPA Filter
Curtain
Fan
Filter & HEPA

Hood

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Fume Hood or BSC

Isolation Chamber

-
Case 1

Case 2
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Case 3

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4.

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(Load factor)

=
/
(Load-Duty Cycle)

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Load-Duty Cycle

bhpX 0.746 kW/hp
1// kW h

0.05/ kWh
=6.5
=95

=100hp
87603
100hp0.746 kW /hp1/0.958.76
0.05/ kW h0.6522356

Copyright 2008 ITRI

1.
1.723
1000/ kWh

2.
3
/ kWh

0.05/ kWh
65
95
=0.85

=115
=460
=8,760
=1154600.8510008,760
0.05/ kWh0.6522172

Copyright 2008 ITRI

hp

hp/
/kWh

90
65
0.05/kWh

=19in. wg
hpbhp=49
=49bhp
0.746kW/hp1/0.9
87600.05/kWh
0.6511563
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(1/3)

&
&

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(2/3)

()
()

&

()
()

()
()
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(3/3)

Sensors
Sensorsx3
x3
Sensors
Sensorsx3
x3

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&

AMCA 210-85 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating

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.316R
.548R
.707R
.837R
.949R


(LCA)

Motor-driven equipments

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Q&A

/
(03) 5912296
eric_cheng@itri.org.tw

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Copyright 2008 ITRI

 Airflow analysis

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Copyright 2008 ITRI

Copyright 2008 ITRI

Copyright 2008 ITRI