An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management

2012

NAME:

YUSUF-ALIYU, SHOLA

DEPARTMENT: CIVIL ENGINEERING

FACULTY:

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MATRICULATION NO.: 07/30GB095

TERM PAPER:
(AN APPRAISAL OF ILORIN METROPOLIS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)

COURSE: CIVIL ENGINEERING SERVICES (CVE 582)

LECTURER: DR. YINKA OKEOLA

Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management

2012

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management By Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

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Introduction:
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. The management of wastes treats all materials as a single class, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, and tried to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas such as Ilorin is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for nonhazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management

2012

Solid Waste Management attract so many challenges in the Ilorin Metropolis such as; Method of Disposal, Sustainability, Incinerating, Reprocessing and Recycling. Method of Disposal: Landfill: Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common by-product of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gas can create odour problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.

Incineration: This is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for disposal of residue of both solid waste management and solid residue from waste water management. This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 per cent of the original volume. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam and ash. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants.

Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management

2012

Recycling: This is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Known as kerb-side recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate it into various different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to its collection. The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium such as beverage cans, copper such as wire, steel food and aerosol cans, old steel furnishings or equipment, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles and jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines and light paper, and corrugated fibreboard boxes. PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS (see resin identification code) are also recyclable. These items are usually composed of a single type of material, making them relatively easy to recycle into new products. The recycling of complex products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more difficult, due to the additional dismantling and separation required.

Waste management in the main urban city of Kwara State, Ilorin and some few local governments is becoming an increasing problem daily and a complex task. The Kwara State sanitation and environmental protection agency (KWASEPA) are being considered as the base scenario for development of this waste management model. The State Government has a major waste management issue and has been noticeable since the 80s. The waste management which in the past times has been addressed with various methods by different administrations in tackling the waste problem yielded nothing. However, the Board of Kwara State sanitation and environment protection agency (KWASEPA) are charged with the following responsibilities: 1. Removal, collection and disposal of domestic commercial and industrial generated waste. 2. Cleaning and maintenance of Public drainage facilities
Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management 3. Cleaning streets of major activity areas 4. Removal and disposal of abandoned Scrapped vehicles 5. Streets sweeping of major roads. METHODOLOGY:

2012

Optimization model for solid waste management system engineering approach to planning, scheduling, cost minimizing, maintenance and general management of solid waste management system, serves as a control tool for decision management makers in the areas of waste management (Mackenzie and David, 1998). The necessity for this system approach lies in the fact that waste management in recent times have developed to a complex task. The system of optimal model is focused on the Kwara State Sanitation and Environment Protection Agency, as a means of eradicating waste littering along the streets and roads and that concerns municipal and local waste management system. The optimal system represents a group of specific municipal and local system and is defined in a set of existing an optimal treatment process and flow. The input data for the system is a sum of the specific system of the category; both the municipal and local waste management systems are represented in the model. The compliance between the system model representing State Government waste transport and the mathematical representation of the model is set up from a number of standardized devices defined in the model (Sundberg, 1993); each device corresponds as described accordingly by the relations between input and output flows of material. The material waste is modelled by a number of factions- Plastic, glasses, personnel, purchase and maintenance of equipment. The example, is that if Kwara State Environmental Protection Agency embarks on a massive environment project called Operation Sweep All and Clean Up in the state using an optimization model system (Linear programme) by effective use of Pail loader, Tipper and Bulldozer in its work of Environmental sanitation, the cost of purchasing one unit of Pail loader, Tipper and Bulldozer are N20 Million, N10 million and N30 million, respectively.

Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola

An Appraisal of Ilorin Metropolis Solid Waste Management Conclusion:

2012

The optimization system is an optimal solution and a feasible solution. The most favourable value of the objective function is the largest value for maximum environmental benefit (Benefit cost Ratio) and smallest value for a minimization problem of cost of maintenance. This model presented here illustrates mix basic solution integrated planning of state and some Local Government Solid Waste Management System in Kwara State. The optimization model was developed with the objective of allowing the Board of Kwara State environmental protection agency (ANSEPA) to capture practically all aspect of waste management and it is planning problem (All integrated into, personnel sundry, equipment maintenance and purchase). It contains many innovative features and removes many limitation frequently encountered in often existing optimization modelling for waste management. Moreover, financial constraint causes delay in the models effectiveness and efficiency. As in the Nigeria factor, financial resources are usually difficult to access, in that model goals can be delayed overhead waste collection, disposal and planning management, and a whole lot could be disrupted. When the complexity of solid waste management planning increases, system engineering tools can assist municipal and local decision makers in handling the complex planning situation.

References: Mackenzie LD, David AC (1998). Introduction to Environmental Engineering Mc Graw Hill series, pp. 630-701. Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org Sundberg J (1993). A System Approach to Municipal Solid Waste Management. A Pilot Study of Goleboy, Waste Manage. Res.,12: 7.

Yusuf-Aliyu, Shola