WORD Conquistador Long Distance Trade

TIME PERIOD

DEFINITION Spanish conquerer Trade over a large distance

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE It was important because lands in the same area generally produce the same crops because of the same type of land and weather. Lands far away have different products which are more delicious or can show wealth

Missionary Efforts Reconquista of Spain 1060s-1492

(Spread of Christianity) Recapture of Spain

Astrolabe

Late 15th century Late 15th century Late 15th century

Cross Staff Prevailing Winds

Magnetic compass, sail by stars and cross staff Navigational tool Winds that traveled in certain directions based on the current

Volta do Mar

Late 15th century

Technology allowed for better maritime exploration

Christopher Columbus

Sailed west in 1492

Genoan explorer who discovered America while trying to find the West Indies

Showed the political, economic, and demographic strength of Christian Europe as opposed to Islam. Sailors used it to determine their latitude Used to determine latitude Sailors needed to be familiar with prevailing winds because it helped them determine which direction to travel in Ships, compasses, cross staffs, understanding of weather and prevailing winds He miscalculated the distance of travel and thought he was taking a shortcut by sailing 17,000nm but the

Circumnavigation

Travelling around the world

Treaty of Tordesillas Trading companies (especially Dutch and English) Infectious Disease

Late 15th century Late 15th century Late 15th century

Line division for Spain and Portugal Companies between countries to make it easier to trade Diseases from European/Native American contact

distance was actually 25,000nm Magellan was the first one to circumnavigate the globe. This proved that the world is a sphere, not flat as they first believed. East and West divided- The Pope drew the line Made alliances, set up trading partners Europeans got malaria, cholera, and yellow fever. Native Americans got small pox. Native Americans had little domesticated animals which lowered the amount of diseases caught from animals, but not from location in the tropics

Domesticated animals

8000 BC-10,000 years ago

Animals domesticated by humans

Fertile Crescent Incas Aztecs

Central American empire Central American empire

Cortes discovered the aztecs central american empire constructed by the mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during the reigns of itzcoatl and motecuzoma I.

Cortes Roman Catholic Church

Spanish explorer

Discovered the Aztecs

The Reformation

Martin Luther/Lutheranism

1483-1546

Former monk and priest, founder of Lutheranism

John Calvin/Calvinism

1509-1564

Founder of Calvinism

Causes: Church more interested in political power than moral leadership, 100 Years War and Black Death, The Great Schism, Scientific Advances which contradicted the church, Corruption within the Catholic Church Luther was angered over the sale of indulgences, which led him to separate from the Church. He translated the Bible to German. His ideas were spread throughout Germany. Refused to recant his ideas so he was excommunicated, was tried, then was declared a heretic and outlaw Believed everyone is sinful and only God can save you. Believed in predestination or that God knows if you will be saved or not. Believed in theocracy or that the government should be run by the church

The Spanish Inquisition Divine Right of Kings

Just after the Reformation: mid 1500s to mid/late 1700s

Monarch is granted power by God to rule Church official

Simony

Indulgences

positions could be bought Remission of sin

Sale of indulgences: You pay to be forgiven of your sins

Humanism

1400-1650

Justification by Faith Diet/Edict of Worms 1521

Predominant social philosophy and intellectual and literary currents of the period Belief that faith alone is what gets you to heaven An event in which the pope brought Martin Luther to take back what he said (which he didnt) Response written my Luther

Led to trial and excommunication of Martin Luther

Charles V Luthers 95 Theses

Late 15th century/Early 16th century

His attack on the selling of pardon merchants. Salvation is achieved by faith alone. Bible is the only authority for Christian life, not the church. Broke with the Catholic church after being denied a divorce. Created the Church of England with himself as the head of the Church

Peace of Augsburg Henry VIII

1491-1547

King of England

The Church of England The Act of Supremacy

1534

Queen Elizabeth I

Legislation that Henry VIII was the head of the Church of England Daughter of Henry VIII

Formally set up the Church of England,

the only legal church in England Catholic/Counter Reformation Council of Trent

1545-1563

After this, the Catholic church became more united. Condemned Protestantism. Churchs interpretation of the Bible was final Society of Jesus Machine that allowed books or written documents to be duplicated Increased literacy, rapid spread of ideas, abuses of church became well known

Jesuits The printing press

1450