203352

203352
..
www.eng.ku.ac.th/~ce
22 2553

Cantilever
2-8
15 Cantilever

.

(Stem)

(Base)
(Key)

22 2553

..

 203352

Cantilever

B Sliding Resistance
A Resisting Moment

H
B

0.5H 0.7H

t2

t4 0.08H 0.12H

0.10H 0.20H

t1

>

20 .

t2

>

30 .

0.5 .

t3

20 . 0.01H

0.30

EL. +8.50

t = 1.80 T/cu.m.
c = 0.0 T/sq.m..
= 30o

7.00

4.00
1.00

0.80

..

2.10

EL.+1.50

c = 2.0 oT/sq.m..

t = 1.60 T/cu.m. = 25
EL. 0.00
t = 2.00 T/cu.m.
c = 5.0 T/sq.m.. = 35 o

 203352

(1-2)
1.

2.

(Base Sliding)

22 2553

F .S . =

R =
V =
F.S. >
>

R
(Pa Pp )

= c.B. + V. tan

1.5
2.0

F.S. HEEL KEY

22 2553

..

 203352

(3)
3. (Overtuning)

22 2553

F .S . =

MR

MO

F.S.

>
>

22 2553

..

M R Pp h p + x v
=
Pa ha
M o

A ,
,
A

1.5
2.0

 203352

4
4. (Bearing Stress)

(Toe) (Heel)

qmax > qa
22 2553

qmin < 0
4

5
5. (Overall Sliding)
Check Stability Analysis by
Swedish Circle Method or
Simplified Bishop Method

Method of Slices
1.5
F.S. > 1.5
22 2553

..

10

 203352

(6-7)
6.

7.
22 2553

11

()

22 2553

..

1.

R.W

2.

/
R.W.

3.

4.

5.

12

 203352

Cantilever Retaining Wall

... Cantilever 5

fc = 165 ./ ..
fc = 2.4

/ ...

fs = 1800 ./ ..
n = 10
k = 0.292
j = 0.903
R = 9.79

22 2553

13

()
1.
Ka =

1 sin 25
= 0.406
1 + sin 25

Kp =

1
= 2.464
k1

2.
H = 7.0 .

B = 0.6 H = 4.2 .

t2 = t4 = 0.1 H = 0.7 .

4.0 .

A = 0.15H = 1.05 . 1.10 .

22 2553

..

14

 203352

()

22 2553

15

()

3. (12)
V

2.766 + 25.641 + 7.560 + 6.720

42.687

V.tan 25o

19.905

18.403 9.116

9.287

F .S . =

19.905
= 2.143 > 1.5
9.287

F.S. (allow) 1.7 - 2.0

22 2553

..

16

 203352

()

4. (3) (A)
MR

Mo

F .S . =

9.166(0.67) + 2.766(0.58) + 25.641(2.90) + 7.560 (1.55) + 6.720(2.00)

107.22

18.403(2.33)

42.94

-.

-.

107.22
= 2.497 > 1.5
42.94

F.S. (a) 1.7-2.0

4

22 2553

17

()

5.
qu = qNq +

B
2

= 25
qu = 1.85(2)(10) +
qa =

22 2553

..

N = 7.0,

Nq = 10

1.85(4.0)(7)
= 62.90
2

62.90
= 25.16
2.5

/ ..

/ ..

18

 203352

()

Eccentric Moment N.A.

M =
V
qmax =

18.403(2.33) + 2.766(1.42) + 7.560(0.45) - 9.116(0.67) 25.641(0.90)

21.024 / .

42.687 / .

V 6 M
42.687 6(21.024)
+
=
+
= 18.55
BL BL2
4 1
1(4) 2

/ ..

< qa
qmin =

V 6 M

BL BL2

= 2.79

/ ..

> 0
: qu Correction
Factors
22 2553

19

6.

22 2553

..

MA-A =

3.379

- .

VA-A =

3.379

MB-B =

31.302 - 1.699

29.633

-.

VB-B =

11.055

20

10

 203352

section A-A

d =

As =

3379
= 18.58
9.79 1

42 . Covering 8 .

3379
= 4.95
1800 0.903 0.42

..

At = 0.0025(50 100) = 12.5

section B-B

d =
As =

29633
= 55.02
9.79 1

.. At

62 . Covering 8 .

29633
= 29.41
1800 0.903 0.62

..

section B-B
v =

11055
= 1.783
62 100

va = 0.292 f c = 3.75 > 1.783

22 2553

21

7.
Section C-C

d =
AS =

MC-C =

7.819

/ .

VC-C =

13.420

7819
= 28.26
9.75 1

7819
= 8.02
1800 0.903 0.60

At = 0.0025(60x100)

22 2553

..

v =

. 60 .

= 15.0 ..

13420
= 2.24 < 3.75
60 100

.. At

22

11

 203352

section D-D
/ ..

M DD = 19.173

VDD = 13.673
d =

19,173
= 44.34
9.75 1

60 .

As =

19173
= 19.66
1800 0.903 60

v =

13673
= 2.279 < 3.75
60 100

..

22 2553

23

1.

Cantilever Retaining Wall

2.

F.S.

3.

(Stem)
EL. +7.00

5.00

EL.+2.00

sat = 2.00 T/cu.m.

c = 0.0 T/sq.m..
= 30

2.00

EL. 0.00

..

12

 203352

Cantilever R.C. Wall 1

Key Wall
1.

2.

3.
(F.S.)
4.
Bending Moment A-A
0.40

Surcharge Load = 1000 Kg,/m.

3.00

Backfill Soil

5.80

= 2.00 t/cu.m.

= 33

= 0.00 t/sq.m.

Backfill Soil
t

= 2.00 t/cu.m.

1.50

= 33

Foundation Soil

= 2.10 t/cu.m.

= 35

= 2.00 t/sq.m.

Key wall

1 Cantilever Retaining Wall

Counterfort Wall

22 2553

..

26

13

 203352

Counterfort Wall
1.
2.

Base Sliding, Overturning, Bearing, Capacity, Overall Stability

Cantilever R.W.

2.1
Moment Plate ()
Standard BMD.
2.2 Counterfort
T-Beam (Deep Beam)
Compression member () (Tension member)
2.3
Cantilever slab Cantilever R.W.
22 2553

27

Counterfort Wall
8 Counterfort
Cantilever
,

Counterfort
22 2553

..

28

14

 203352

Counterfort

22 2553

29

Buttress Wall

22 2553

..

30

15

 203352

T-Beam Assumption
22 2553

31

Counterfort Wall

22 2553

..

32

16

 203352

Counterfort Wall

22 2553

33

Slurry Wall

22 2553

..

34

17

 203352

22 2553

..

36

18

 203352

22 2553

..

38

19

 203352

1.

2.
3.
1. Section Modulus

2.
3.
22 2553

..

39

20

 203352

Section

..

Width
b

Heigth
h

Thickness Sectional
e
Area

Mass

Moment of
Inertia

Elastic Section
Modulus

Coating Area
per Single Pile

( mm.)

(mm.)

(mm.)

(cm2/m.)

kg./m of
single pile

kg./m2 of
wall

(cm4/m.)

(cm3/m.)

(m2/m.)

PAL 30 30

660

89

37.5

19.4

29.4

500

112

0.80

PAL 30 40

660

90

49.9

25.8

39.2

666

147

0.80

PAL 30 50

660

91

62.2

32.2

48.8

831

181

0.80

PAL 31 30

711

125

42.2

23.5

33.1

1,244

199

0.97

PAL 31 40

711

126

56.1

31.3

44.0

1,655

261

0.97

PAL 31 50

711

127

70.0

39.0

54.9

2,063

322

0.97

PAL 32 60

700

149

84.1

46.2

66.0

3,096

413

0.92

PAL 32 70

700

150

96.8

53.2

76.0

3,604

479

PAL 32 80

700

151

112.1

61.6

88.0

4,109

545

0.92

PAL 32 90

700

152

127.4

70.0

100.0

4,611

605

0.92

PAU 22 40

922

251.5

53.9

39.0

42.3

5,101

404

1.22

PAU 22 50

922

252.5

67.3

48.7

52.8

6,363

504

1.22

PAU 22 60

922

253.5

80.7

58.3

63.3

7,620

600

1.22

PAU 24 40
PAU 24 50
PAU 24 60

813
813
813

293
294
295

4
5
6

61.1
76.3
91.4

39.0
48.7
58.3

48.0
59.9
71.8

7,897
9,858
11,813

537
669
801

1.22
1.22
1.22

PAU 27 70

804

296

111.4

70.4

87.5

14,030

934

1.16

PAU 27 80

804

297

127.1

80.3

99.8

15,995

1,063

1.16

0.92

21

 203352

22 2553

..

44

22

 203352

1. Cantilever Sheet Pile

H=25

2. Anchored Sheet Pile

H 3 10

- Free Earth Support

- Fixed Earth Support

22 2553

45

1. = (H) + (D)
2. = Section Modulus
3. (Ap)
Ap
H

H
Section Modulus

..

Section Modulus

23

 203352

Cantilever
1. Cantilever Sheet Pile

Fixed End

Sheet Pile Structures.
1. Cantilever S.P.
2. Anchored S.P.
- Free Earth Support
- Fixed Earth Support
Cantilever
4

22 2553

47

Cantilever
Pa =

1
K a . ( H + D )2
2

Pp =

M @ E = 0 ;
Pp .

D
( H + D)
- Pa
=0
3
3

Kp =

1
Ka

FH = 0

---( 1 )

(3)

D=

1
K p .D 2
2

H 3 Ka / K p
1 3 Ka / K p

---( 2 )

---( 3 )

K 2/3
D = H a 2/3
1 K a

---( 4 )

PE = P p Pa

---( 5 )

D 20%
22 2553

..

D, PE
S.F.D. B.M.D.
4

48

24

 203352

(ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL)

6

(Section Modulus)

) Free earth support:
/
) Fixed earth support:

22 2553

49

Free Earth
Fixed Earth Support

(a) free earth support method

22 2553

..

(b) fixed earth support method

50

25

 203352

(a) free earth support method

(b) fixed earth support method

Nature of variation of deflection and moment for anchored sheet piles

22 2553

..

51

26

 203352

Free Earth Support

Free Earth Support
Cantilever PE

22 2553

53

Free Earth Support

Unknown Ap, D.
AP = Pa Pp

FH = 0

M @ B = 0

Pa ( H + D) H a
3

Pp D + H H a
3

---( 1 )
---( 2 )

(2) D D Pa
Pp D (2) D ( D
20% Pp F.S. = 2.0 Pp )

D () Pa Pp (1) Ap

S.F.D. B.M.D.

22 2553

..

54

27

 203352

Free Earth Support

1.
Ka =

1 sin
= 0.490,
1 + sin

K a = 0.700

Kp =

1 + sin
= 2.040,
1 sin

K p = 1.428

22 2553

55

Free Earth Support ()

2. Diagram

22 2553

..

56

28

 203352

Free Earth Support ()

3. D B
M @ B = 0

2
5 + D 0.882
(5 + D )2 (5 + D ) 1
2.45(5 + D )
1 +
2

2
5 + D 3.672
= 1.4(5 + D )
(D )2 2 D + 4 + 2.856(D ) D + 4
1 +
2
3

---( 6 )

(6) D Trial
D 3.0 .

22 2553

57

Free Earth Support ()

4. AP
FH = 0
Ap = 2.45(5 + D ) +

2
0.882
(5 + D )2 1.4(5 + D ) 3.672 D 2.856 D
2
2

---( 7 )

Ap = 11.532

22 2553

..

58

29

 203352

Free Earth Support ()

5. S.F.D. B.M.D.
x Max. B.M.

1.05 x + 0.882

x2
11.532 = 0
2

X = 4.06 .

= 16.80 -.

22 2553

59

Free Earth Support ()

6.
Section Modulus

fps

22 2553

..

PZ27,

M 1680000
=
fs
1400

= 1200

.3 / .

= 22.3

.3 / .

S = 30.2 3 /

60

30

 203352

Free Earth Support

..

31

 203352

Fixed Earth Support

Fixed Earth Support
Free Earth Support PE

22 2553

63

Unknown 3
AP, PE, D
2
FH = 0,

M = 0

Structural Indeterminate
2 F (Point of
Contraflexure) (Hinge) PF
F 0.1 (H)
2

22 2553

..

64

32

 203352

Indeterminate Structures
3- Unknowns

AP, PE, D

2- Equations

FH = 0, M = 0

Free body diagram 2

1. F () Shear
= PF Unknown AP, PF
2. F PF D PE Unknown
22 2553

FH = 0
M @ B = 0

65

Unknown AP, PF
AP = Pa1 Pp1 - PF

2
2
PF [(1.1) H H a ] = Pa1 1.1H H a Pp1 H H a + 0.1H
3
3

---( 3 )
---( 4 )

(4) PF (3) AP

M @ E = 0

Unknown D, PE
PF ( D 0.1H ) + Pa 2 ( ha 2 ) Pp 2 ( h p 2 ) = 0

---( 5 )

(5) D D
S.F.D. B.M.D.

20%
22 2553

..

66

33

 203352

3
. (Tie Rod)
. (Anchor Size)
. (Anchor Location)

22 2553

67

. Grouting Rod
. Grouting Rod

22 2553

..

68

34

 203352

(Concrete Bulk Head)

Dead Man Bulk Head

22 2553

69

()

PB = Kp..HA.(HB.T)

---( 8 )

T =

H

FB = s H A B + C H B LB T tan
2

---( 9 )

C =
F .S . =

22 2553

..

PB + FB
AP

F.S 2.0
4

---( 10 )

70

35

 203352

Grouting Rod,

22 2553

71

()

F = .DL H A tan

---( 11 )

F = .DL c

F .S . =

22 2553

..

F
AP

---( 12 )

2.5

---( 13 )

72

36

 203352

Ap

Cp

22 2553

Tp

73

2
- Tie Rod
- Passive Wedge Active Wedge

22 2553

..

74

37

 203352

..

38

 203352

22 2553

77

(F.S)
1.2 1.5

22 2553

..

78

39

 203352

1. (D)
2. Moment Shear
3. Moment Shear Wall
Beam
4. Compression

22 2553

79

()
.

22 2553

..

80

40

 203352

()



3
- (Peak 1969)
Peak (Strut)
65%

22 2553

81

()

22 2553

..

82

41

 203352

()
- (Terzaghi Pack 1967)

22 2553

83

()
- (Terzaghi Peck 1967)

22 2553

..

84

42

 203352

BASE HEAVING
(Heaving)
2
1. (Principal Stresses)
I II

22 2553

85

BASE HEAVING ()

UCS (Principal Stress)

I ,
H

qu

---( 14 )

2qu

---( 15 )

qs

I I,

F .S . =

22 2553

..

v 2qu
=
s H

---( 16 )
---( 17 )

86

43

 203352

BASE HEAVING ()
2.

qu

cNc

---( 18 )

qs

F .S . =

Nc = 5.14
2 F.S. 1.2
22 2553

=
qu cNc
=
qs H

F .S . =

5.14c
H

---( 19 )
---( 20 )
---( 21 )

( Bearing Capacity)

87

22 2553

..

88

44

 203352

Relieving Platform

Relieving Platform
22 2553

..

90

45

 203352

Relieving Platform ()
Relieving Platform
1. Sheet Pile Platform

2.
Platform (Overturning)

3.

4.

4

22 2553

91

Relieving Platform ()

. Sheet pile

. Sheet pile Platform

. Sheet pile

Relieving Platform
22 2553

..

92

46

 203352

Relieving Platform ()

Zoning
Pressure Diagram
Tschebotarioff
22 2553

93

Relieving Platform ()

Relieving Platform
22 2553

..

94

47

 203352

Civil Engineering Department

Kasetsart University

www.eng.ku.ac.th/~ce
22 2553

95

, ,

..

48