Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering sciences and Technology

ENGINEERS ARE NOT ENGINEERS IN PAKISTAN

COMPILERS ABDUL-HALEEM ABBASSI2010002 ABDULLAH SOOMRO..2010008 AHMED KAMAL MUSTAFA...2010021 ALI SHAUKAT...2010045 HANZLA ZAHID.2010120

Submitted to:
Mr. Mehboob-Ur-Rehman

Course: HM 102 Technical Writings Date of submission 5th April 2011

Department of Management Sciences and Humanities GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
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PREFACE
An engineer plays a very important part in the development of a country, the job of engineer is to Analyze the problem, Design, manufacture, and optimize but unfortunately, the engineer in Pakistan does none of the above. The purpose of this report is to find out the causes and effects of engineers not working as engineers on different sectors in Pakistan, This report intends to acquaint the student, the Engineers of future, with the awareness of current job contents of an engineer. By this report, not only students but also a common man relating to any field of life can be made fully aware of what an engineer can do and what they are asked to do. When we started this project, we had little idea how much work goes into the technical aspects of producing this report. Procedures that we followed were collecting information from different sources like interviewing people related to different fields of work and knowing about their views about this, and through questionnaires. The main steps involved in overall report preparation were research, evaluation, final selection of material and then compiling it in the form of a Report. There also had been hurdles along the way of producing this report. The biggest problem was conducting interviews from the professional engineers working at different organization finally they were interviewed through telephone, further we also faced some bad behavior from some engineering course teachers, Collection of the text for the main-body was another problem. One of the most difficult tasks was to compile properly the information that we received from people. Whole of our team has worked very hard to make this report a success. This report mainly focuses on the current scenario of engineering jobs in Pakistan and reveals the major causes that has resulted this scenario. The completion of the report would not have been possible without the most valuable guidance provided to us by Mr.toseef warden of hostel 9.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are gratified to ALLAH, the most beneficial, who gave us the strength and will to overcome the obstacles surfaced during the completion of this project. Making a report of this stature could not be possible without the grace of ALLAH and continuous support of parents and respective teachers. We will also like to thank Mr. toseef warden of hostel 9, ex-employ at ENGRO UREA FERTILIZER, Mr. Sarfaraz Ahmed Soomro who is working as an Engineer at EPTAC telecommunication company, Mr.Abdul Qudoos Abbasi (B.E Mechanical) working at shabir tiles Karachi and Mr. Salman Tariq (B.E Mechanical) working as maintenance manager at ATTOCK OIL REFINARY Rawalpindi, and TAs of all faculties, for giving us time to explain this scenario. We feel exceptional warmth and gratitude in extending our appreciation for sincere and benevolent guidance and patronage of the report to Mr.Mehboob-ur-Rehman, our project instructor.

Abstract
We have chosen this particular topic due to the fact that this topic needs large attention and awareness. This affects every engineer in Pakistan and has a negative impact in the field of scientific research and technology in Pakistan. This problem has arose due to low quality of engineering education in Pakistan; As a result of this our engineers are not able to do the prime job for which they are trained for 4 years, Pakistan is producing a large number of engineers each year, still we are nowhere in the field of research and technology.

Table of Contents
i) Title Page .....................................................................................1 ii) Preface .........................................................................................2 ii) Acknowledgement .......................................................................3 iv) Abstract........................................................................................4 v) Table of Contents.........................................................................5 1) Introduction ...........................................................................................................6 2) Background ............................................................................................................7 3) Causes ....................................................................................................................9 a) Education Quality ...............................................................................................9 b) Job Crisis ............................................................................................................10 c) Lack of Research, Development and Innovation ................................................12 d) Supportive technology climate ...........................................................................19 4) Administrative job v/s technical job ......................................................................19 5) Design engineers....................................................................................................21 6)Effects .....................................................................................................................22 a) Economic Crisis .................................................................................................25 b) Cost efficient techniques for industry................................................................22 b) Energy crisis ......................................................................................................23 7) Suggested Solutions ...............................................................................................23 8) Summary................................................................................................................26 9) Bibliography ..........................................................................................................27 10) Questionnaires ....................................................................................................28 11) Appendices ..........................................................................................................29 12) Index ....................................................................................................................41

INTRODUCTION
The standard definition of engineering according to oxford dictionary is The branch of science and technology concerned with the design building and use of engines, machines, and structures. An engineer is the person qualified in engineering. Engineers are backbones of any country, today the technology have become the distinguishing factor among the developed and undeveloped countries, and an engineer plays the major role in advancement of technology. Practicing engineers are designers, builders, problem solvers, planners, decision makers and above all, innovators. Nevertheless, currently engineers in Pakistan are doing none of the job from above, these are the ones who are notorious for having no use for that engineering knowledge and skill which are imparted at our engineering colleges. Its not infrequently, that one meets a former graduate who have been employed for a considerable length of time and who confess that they have not opened an engineering book after leaving the college, they say that in actual practice one does not have to be an engineer to serve in the Department.

Purpose:The report is designed for the undergraduate engineering students and is purposed to inform students about the current scenario of engineering jobs in Pakistan. After reading this report students will be more cautious about selecting job after graduation.

Scope:The report covers the differences between engineers and administrators and highlights some of the major reasons behind why engineers do administrative jobs.

Method of Investigation:We conducted interviews with those engineers who have worked or working in industry and teacher teaching engineering courses, also we made different questionnaires targeting different people starting with causes and its effects to suggestions to the problem; for collecting data for this report, we also searched internet.

Results:We uncovered the reasons behind why engineers in Pakistan are not doing an engineering job rather than administrative jobs. Finally, we gave recommendations that were suggested by different peoples replies through questionnaires.

Background Information
Whenever a common educated person hears the word Engineer the first impression that comes to his mind is about a person who design and modifies something new for improving their standard of life .But this is not the case in Pakistan. In our report we have presented that in Pakistan engineers are mostly doing the jobs of management and very less number of engineers are working as innovators. Practicing engineers are designers, builders, problem solvers, planners, decision makers and above all, innovators.

Difference Between Engineer And Administrator

According to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary the definition of an engineer is A person whose job involves designing and building engines,roads,bridges,etc As a verb this word means to design and build something According to the same dictionary the word Engineering means The activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines. According to the Official Encarta Encyclop edia Software A person who utilizes science I design, planning, construction and maintenance of buildings, machines and other manufactured things. Now there are some definitions of administrators from which we can distinguish between engineers and administrators.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary the definition of an Administrator is A person whose job is to manage and organize the public or business affairs of a company or an institute. According to the Official Encarta Encyclopedia Software somebody whose job is to manage the affairs of a business, organization, or institution.

From all above these formal definitions of Engineers and Administrators readers would be able to understand the difference between the two. The matter that we have discussed in the report is that the above definitions of engineers are not satisfied in Pakistan, as there is no research, innovations and designing in this field in Pakistan. A very few institutes have research in this field. Whereas the definitions of Administrators are being satisfied in Pakistan up to the large extent as our engineers are not doing engineering jobs rather they are doing administrative jobs. There are certain reasons of this like lack of decision making among young students after intermediate for their career, less engineering jobs in Pakistan, less pays of engineers in Pakistan as compared to administrative jobs. We have included some facts and figures ,results of questionnaires and interviews in support of our report later in the text.

Management Courses For Engineers

Once in practice, engineers quickly find that their contribution to the firm is limited if there has been no exposure to business and managerial processes. The modern engineer is required to co-operate with accountants, marketers, sales force and many others in order to apply their technical expertise to best effect, and offers crucial inputs to these other functions. In a few cases, a small business component of an engineering degree course or qualification may offer a limited guide to the business processes involved. In other cases, a management course can help the engineer. Consequently there has been a growing trend in recent years for practicing engineers to seek further training in business and management skills.If engineers require

management training then there should be an engineering course during four years of study at the institute.

Engineering Education
The rapid changes in the engineering education worldwide require that, Engineering education in Pakistan be paid more attention from governmental quarters to justify its importance to the nation. Educational institutions alone cannot surmount all the challenges, like sustaining engineering workforce, defining educational outcomes for a new breed of engineers, revamping engineering education, and funding the necessary changes. Industry, government, and educational institutions must work together to prepare tomorrows engineers. Of the 126 universities established in Pakistan since the nation was founded, only 30-35 offer engineering with limited seats. Thus the country has been unable to produce the needed manpower for its development. Furthermore, the meager national investment in engineering education requires more efforts for improvement. This paper reviews academic trends affecting engineering students and their priorities.

Causes
Engineers are not getting job in their specialized field because of some causes like many Industrialists would like to take services of foreign experienced engineers rather than Pakistani Engineer because of his quality of education, another cause is on the high scale Pakistan is not doing any Research, at low scale development projects in Pakistan our government is asking for local engineers but at the high scale it requires foreign engineers (Belief on local engineers has a great impact), just to get their pay increased many Engineers are doing Masters in Management (which divert them from their field).Whenever, a new technology comes as Software or hardware then all the people starts studying about that. Then at the end, you will see ten thousand students of a particular field against 5 or 10 job vacancies.

Education quality
The rapid changes in the engineering education worldwide require that, Engineering education in Pakistan be paid more attention from governmental quarters to justify its importance to the nation. Educational institutions alone cannot surmount all thechallenges, like sustaining engineering workforce, defining educational outcomes fora new breed of engineers, revamping engineering education, and funding thenecessary changes. Industry, government, and educational institutions must worktogether to prepare tomorrows engineers The main aspect concerns the relative emphasis on the various level of engineering education. Throughout the world in general and in a developing country like Pakistan in particular, the need for engineering technicians is acute, much greater than need for professional Engineers. The trouble is that everyone wants the prestige of a College or University degree even though his aptitudes and abilities are much better suited to the technicians; also Engineers are not encouraged to perform Research projects at under-graduate level. Engineering jobs are getting saturated day by day, due to tough competition and massive quantity of graduated engineers,there are about 84 Engineering universities1 which are inviting Pre-engineering students to get degree from them, so there are many options for Pakistani students; however the quality of education in Pakistani Engineering institutes and universities is getting down day by day, by looking their course contents2 one cannot estimate that it belongs to any Engineering university, and due to lack of problem solving in their educational careers, however, situation at GIKI is little bit different from other universities and institutes, about 53%3of GIKIs students are satisfied with the quality of Engineering Education taught here.

Job crisis
Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of Pakistan. That person is unemployed who has ability to do work and is willing to do work but is unable to get job opportunity.

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(PEC Official Site) (NED-UET official Site) 3 Pie chart#6

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(Source:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields) When a graduate gets his degree and goes to market with full intention that he will soon get a job in his particular field but by the time pass he found himself jobless, he had his degree for which he had worked hard for four years and invest a lot of money on it, but industries and companies require a person who manages industry not a person who design new things using scientific knowledge. Every company and industry wants an engineer to perform work like a manager, andalso they are giving higher priority to higher CGPA holders rather than to technical expertise. Due to lack of R & D sectors in Pakistan many graduates are suffering from job crisis.According to75% of final year students, engineers are mostly doing administrative jobs4 in Pakistan and 44% of them also agree to do administrative jobs5.

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Pie chart#10 Pie chart#11

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Lack of Research, Development, and innovation in Pakistan

Engineer is a person who transforms the dream, the imagination of a scientist into reality. For instance a scientist watched a dream and gave a theory that Man Should Fly. Wright Brothers transformed this imagination into the reality by inventing a device which could fly.(Interview by Tauseef)

Wilbur Wright(on left), Orville Wright(on right) source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orville_Wright.jpg fig. 8.c.1

PAKISTAN is facing major challenges regarding population and socio-economic developments which include employment, resources, food, energy, sustainability and the race for talent. In such a scenario, the role of universities becomes vital as they share intellectual power to boost the economy, transfer of technologies, and uphold peace and harmony in the country. Research publications facilitate researchers through the findings of a study. Nevertheless, the research output by universities in Pakistan in terms of number of research publications as against the total faculties of universities is not more than 13 per cent. (fig. 8.c.2)

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Series1, 13%

number of research publications Total faculties of university

Series1, 87%

fig. 8.c.2 Of the total faculties of 128 universities, only 5,013 research papers could be produced for publication in various research journals in 2010. (DAWN 28 Feb 2010). If there are no research papers, there are no ideas; there will be nothing to work on. Research and Development is the backbone of the economy and development of a country. The bar chart provided in Appendix 1 shows Pakistans status in terms of its R&D expenditure as a percentage of its GDP, and indicates that Pakistan is lagging far behind other developing and developed countries in terms of this indicator. This measure is one of the most widely used indicators of an economys commitment to growth in scientific knowledge and technological development; this therefore shows that Pakistan has a very limited R&D base, and subsequently a low level of innovative capabilities in comparison to other countries.

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This fact is further highlighted in the following diagram Fig. 8.c.3 (Government of Pakistan, 2010)

Fig. 8.c.3: World Technological Status Pyramid

In order for Pakistan to move towards the apex of this pyramid towards R&D and innovation, it is necessary for it to develop its indigenous technological capabilities (ITC) . This is only possible if Pakistan develops the capabilities to move towards the apex of the following ITC pyramid, as in figure 8.c.4 (Intarakamnerd, Chairatana, Tangchitpiboon, 1992):

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In order for Pakistan to reach the apex of both its ITC and technological status pyramids (Fig. 8.c.3) (towards R&D), it is very much necessary for it to develop its innovative capabilities in this regard. However, given the market imperfections that exist, such a shift in paradigm is not possible without government interventions for technology deepening regarding innovation. Thus, the development of ITC for innovation at both the national and firm level necessitates that a workable policy framework be in place. Development of R&D and innovation capabilities would also enable Pakistan to become a producer of certain cutting-edge technologies in key areas. Moreover, it is important to note that such interventions for research and innovation would also directly contribute towards the strengthening of a national innovation system.

Patent Statistics Patent statistics can be used as measures of the innovative output of any countrys S&T system. The table in Appendix 2 indicates that Pakistan was only granted a total of 350 patents in 2010, out of which only 12 were granted to Pakistani nationals. This is in direct contrast to other developing countries such as Korea, China and India. Moreover, Pakistans ratio of foreign to local patents granted shows that the number of patents granted to foreign residents in Pakistan was 28 times higher than the number of patents
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granted to Pakistani nationals. In Iran and Koreas case, on the other hand, the numbers of patents granted to nationals were significantly higher than foreign nationals/companies. This indicates a stronger level of advanced innovation and R&D in these countries, and a lower level of R&D in Pakistan. This low level of patents in Pakistan thus indicates that there are very limited levels of R&D taking place in Pakistan due to a lack of development of its innovative capabilities; this therefore implies that Pakistan is experiencing a lack of development of its ITC at the national level as well. It is therefore very much necessary for Pakistan to develop its ITC in this regard. However, given the substantial number of externalities and market failures which may crop up, it is evident that the development of innovative capabilities at the firm and national level cannot occur under market forces alone, and thus require instead an effective form of state intervention to guide this development process. Scientific and Technical Journals The number of scientific and technical journals per million inhabitants may also be used as an indicator of Pakistans technological capabilities regarding R&D and innovation. The graph in Appendix 3 shows Pakistans performance in this area. This graph highlights the lag that Pakistan suffers in the number of scientific and technical journals with respect to other countries in the region. This again indicates that Pakistan has not yet developed the upper-tier research and innovation based capabilities of both its ITC and technological status pyramids. A policy framework is thus required in this regard, in order to build such capabilities at the firm and at the national level, in the context of a national innovation system.

R&D Personnel

The bar chart provided in Appendix 4 shows the increase in the number of PhD scientists involved in S&T activities in Pakistan from 1999 to 2010. Although the number of PhD scientists involved in science and technology has risen since 1999, in 2010 there were still only 2860 PhDs involved in S&T activities in Pakistan. This low number of scientists indicates that Pakistan lacks innovation and research capabilities. Interventions are thus required to build its indigenous technological capabilities in this regard, as per the ITC pyramid. The development of such innovation and R&D capabilities would also work towards the strengthening of a national innovation system, and this would subsequently enable Pakistan to become an innovator, rather than remain an imitator of technology in key sectors.
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Current Areas of Focus of R&D in Pakistan

The bar chart in Appendix 5 shows that the majority of R&D institutions in Pakistan are in agriculture and health, and only 16 are engaged in R&D in engineering (Naim, 2007). This trend of a greater emphasis on agriculture related R&D is further supported by the pie-chart provided in Appendix 6. Again, the majority of scientists working in R&D organizations are engaged in research on agricultural sciences. Only 12.58% of the total number of scientists involved in R&D was involved in research in engineering (PCST, 2005).There is thus a critical need to shift the emphasis of innovation and R&D to areas other than agriculture, such as engineering. This would also help Pakistan gradually move away from resource-based and lowtech areas and instead towards medium and high-tech areas, and enable Pakistan to move up the technological status pyramid. However, such a structural shift is not possible until Pakistan has developed its innovative capabilities and thus its ITC levels, both at the firm and at the national levels, along the lines of a directed policy framework for the development of technology, to enable and guide this entire process. Moreover, such a shift in emphasis towards high-tech and R&D based areas would also implicitly help to develop and strengthen a national system of innovation in Pakistan.

Technical & Tertiary Education

Human resources, particularly scientists and engineers, are one of the most important components of technological development. Without such skills, it is not possible to achieve good manufacturing capabilities, to produce significant innovations to undertake R&D, and so on. Hence, technical and tertiary education levels can be used as effective measures of Pakistans innovative and R&D capabilities. The following data indicates Pakistans status in this regard:

Although technical education is currently being imparted by 57 technical colleges and over 700 vocational technical institutions in Pakistan; currently, less than one percent of Pakistanis in the age cohort of 15-23 years takes up vocational and technical education after leaving school, compared to 70 percent in Germany. Moreover, direct enrolment in technical and vocational
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education in Pakistan is 105,000, with another 115,000 engaged in tertiary level diploma and certificate programmes. Furthermore, on the World Economic Forums index of availability of scientists and engineers, Pakistans rank was 61 out of 93 countries in 2005 (Government of Pakistan, 2006). This data thus indicates that Pakistans level of enrolment in technical institutions is extremely low, especially in comparison to Germanys enrolment levels. Moreover, Pakistans availability of scientists and engineers is also low; this data thus suggests that there is a need to develop the level of innovation, research and technical human capabilities in Pakistan. This need is further highlighted by the bar chart on Pakistans tertiary enrolment levels as provided in Appendix 7. Although the number of students enrolled at the bachelors and masters levels have increased since 2008, the overall number of students still remains low. Furthermore, the number of students enrolled in MPhil and PhD programmes is even lower. Again, this indicates a lack of innovative capabilities in Pakistan, and thereby low levels of ITC in 5 Journal of Quality and Technology Management. Now this comparatively low number of engineers should not suppose to work like managers; neither ought they to go abroad; in order to stabilize this country. If there will be innovations, there will be no Engineering jobs for Engineer, and there will be no new technologies. On the other hand if there will be innovations, engineering utilization, there will be jobs for a common person to work on new innovations as a laborers. Consequently, all the crisis, and problems can be solved.Thus, there is a need to develop such capabilities in Pakistan, in order for it to move away from imitation and towards innovation instead. However, the development of such capabilities will not take place on its own; domestic efforts at capacitybuilding are thus imperative, in the form of a consistent and concerted approach. Policy intervention is therefore necessary to direct the development of Pakistans indigenous technological capabilities and subsequently to strengthen the national innovation system in this regard.

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Supportive Technology Climate

It is important to realize that this entire exercise of developing innovation and R&D capabilities to bring about a shift towards a national innovation system would not be possible until a supportive technology climate is in place. Technology climate refers to the national setting within which technology based activities are carried out (UNESCAP, 1989). Moreover, differences in technology climates can cause similar transformation facilities or production units within two different countries to produce different results. Thus, a transformation facility is likely to produce better results in a supportive technology climate than in a less supportive one. Furthermore, it should also be noted that a supportive technology climate is also necessary in order to make the most effective use of ITC. Without a supportive technology climate in place, it would neither be possible for Pakistan to develop its ITC capabilities as per its ITC pyramid, nor for it to bring about a paradigm shift towards high-tech and R&D areas. The development of a supportive technology climate is thus very much necessary in order to facilitate movement up to the apex in Pakistans ITC and world technological status pyramids. Moreover, a supportive technology climate is imperative for the development of skills from low levels of sophistication in skills (operating capabilities) towards high levels of sophistication (design and R&D capabilities). Hence, none of these interventions to move Pakistan from imitation to innovation will be effective without a supportive technology climate in place to facilitate this entire process. Policy directions are thus required in this regard, in order to create a fostering and supportive technology climate for engineer.

Administrative jobs v/s technical jobs

Studying Management After Engineering
This is the major question Why our engineers do management course after engineering? We collected information about this by interviewing Mr.Tauseef6 After spending four years in BE when an engineer is passed out he begins to look everything with the eye of an engineer and when he does not find such atmosphere in his job and he looks that the nature of his job is administrative then he leaves his job and do some management course so that he can do better in his job or can get some good job with handsome
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Mr.Tauseef (BE Mechanical) who worked for one year at Engro Fertilizers Private Ltd.

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salary. Moreover when he sees that in the industry managerial jobs are more than engineering jobs he goes for MBA. Mr.Qudoos Abbasi said in his interview 7 After doing graduation I worked in industry and I realized that the nature of my job was partly managerial. I decided to study management sciences so that after management I would be able to get good job in Pakistan because here the job content for managers is more than for engineers and perhaps this is the main reason why engineers in Pakistan go for MBA after BE. Mr.Ammar Zakariya8 in his interview told us I graduated from UET Taxila in 1993 and for one year I did not get any job in Pakistan and then I decided to go for MBA and after doing my MBA I had three jobs offers from different companies in Pakistan and I decided to work with coca cola company and I got that job on the basis of my MBA not on the basis of my BE In above interviews we get the information that the major problem lies in the job content for engineer and manager in Pakistan. We get the list of current job offers in technical and managerial fields in Pakistan from authentic web9 sources and following graph was plotted between job offers of engineering and management.
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Technical jobs Managerial Jobs

There were several job advertisements and only 23% of them were of pure engineering

and 77% were managerial jobs. For example, following job advertisement was for Engineers:
0

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Mr.Qudoos Abbasi (BE Mechanical) doing MBA at IBA Karachi. Mr.Ammar Zakariya (BE Mechanical, MBA from IBA Karachi) working in Coca cola company.

www.olx.com.pk , pp 1-3. www.brightspyre.com , pp 1-4 .

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Fauji Kabirwala Power Company with Multinational shareholdings invites applications for the following positions or its Combined Cycle Power Plant located in Central Punjab on long terms basis. Attractive salary package will be offered to the right candidates: "Electrical Engineer" Key Job Responsibilities: * Supervise, Direct and demonstrate a thorough understanding and technical knowledge of day to day maintenance activities, engineering requirements, troubleshooting overhauling and repair techniques. * Ensure high reliability and availability of the electrical plat. * Make decisions and give appropriates technical direction as required to his staff in understanding their responsibilities. * Work scheduling, comprehensive planning, well in time decision- making and its implementation. * Perform root cause failure analysis and make recommendations to avoid future failures. * Identify Improvements in work practices at the plant. * Ensure safety of plant, workers and environment. * Preparation of section budget. * Provide team supervision and develop highly motivated and well trained flexible work force * Ensue that capital and efforts are put to the most profitable use. * Solutions for long-term engineering problems related to electrical systems. * Evaluate the requirements of strategic spares or the plants commercial operation Even in this advertisement some responsibilities of electrical engineer are purely managerial like managing the staff, preparing the budget. So the engineers in Pakistan prefer to do MBA after graduation so that they can may have better jobs that require Management skills as well as Engineering.

DESIGN ENGINEERS
All over the world, the design engineers for the brain of profession. Even a slight shortcoming in their work has serious consequences. The profession therefore has set for them very exacting standards of 21

performance. In Pakistan, design engineers hardly exist as a class. In the government services, the potential design engineers are shuffled back and forth between the maintenance, construction and administrative jobs for one reason or another. The design engineers are expected to keep abreast of the latest development in their field They have to learn more and more quicker methods of designing. Through the application of new methods and new techniques it is not unusual to save a million on large construction if the design engineers were given time to study various possible designs of a project and then to select the most economical one.

EFFECTS
There are different groups of engineers that include maintenance engineers, design engineers and research engineers, each class has a different job to perform as per needs of an organization, but unfortunately, our engineers are not able to perform their prime job that results in a lot of crisis. Economic Crisis
By far the largest block of our engineers graduates are employed in maintaining and repairing existing engineering structure. Some engineers also say that they even dont even repair the machinery for that the manufacturer is called upon10. usually the original manufacturer comes from abroad; for this apathy toward engineering knowledge the society in general and the public exchequer in particular have to pay year after year an increased price of maintenance and repairs of engineering structures .If engineering knowledge is properly utilized by this group, it is bound to result tremendous saving of the societys effort and money and can provide some relive to Pakistans economy.

Cost efficient techniques for industry

By not having engineers with that sound theoretical background which the modern production standard demand, we pay still a heavier price in the realm of industrial production. No amount of measures taken from outside the plant-of helping the industries by controlling raw materials, by affording tariff protection and through other economic measures are likely to solve, ultimately the problem of high cost industrial production in Pakistan. The bottle neck in our own against foreign competition lies and will continue to lie in industrial efficiency.

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Interview (Ahmed, 2011)

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Energy Crisis
Energy crisis in Pakistan is a crucial issue that has to addressed, currently the power sector of Pakistan faces a shortfall of 2500-3000MW, the problem has arose because of insufficient power generation resources and no new power project is initialized. Executive Director and head of energy sector Siemens Pakistan Nadeem Ali Kazmi has said11 that engineers are our only hope to solve the energy crisis in the country. Engineers are resourceful and have the ability to Create Utility from nature, to manufacture alternate sources of energy and therefore to implement mega-projects. Whether the solution to energy, in essence is hydel, solar, coal, wind, thermal or nuclear; one common agent that catalyses this whole process remains ideally constant and that is the engineer. The engineering fraternity is the best asset and probably the only hope of this nation to take it out of this energy crisis. When this was asked through questionnaires and interviews12, most of them replied that the engineer could solve the energy crisis; they say that Pakistani engineers have talent and potential to solve the problems of Pakistan the only need is of a suitable platform.

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
The possible solution this problem were extracted from questionnaires and interviews, no doubt the current situation cannot be changed over night, it definitely requires some time and proper planning. The problems that we found after evaluating the questionnaires and all other material are very huge and many. The major problem lies in Engineering education quality in Pakistan, the engineer is supposed to be the person who deals with practical situations, engineering theoretical would be of no use if there isnt any practical application of it. Today in Pakistan many engineering Universities lack research facility as a consequence the graduate engineer in Pakistan has a very limited practical knowledge in his field. Hence, to make his job free of technicality he chooses the administrative job.

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Published in The nation march 20-2010 Interview (Tossef, 2011)

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Engineering course contents needs to be revised its not necessary to be copied from another country. Pakistan has her special needs that are far different from those of other Nations. It is desirable that, Pakistan should develop her own engineering educational system and policy and keep it up-to-date as the situation demands. The major draw back is the practical approach in teaching , the faculty should be trained in such a way that the true meaning of engineering can be achieved. It is suggested that the Bachelors degree in engineering sciences should have following objectives The necessary technical qualification of a young maintenance engineer are that:(a) He must have a through grasp of the fundamental scientific laws and theories on which his branch of engineering is based. He should understand the significance of the mathematical relationship, should know how these are derived from basic concepts and should be aware of the difference between the ideal situation emboidied in the laws and actual reality. (b) He should have knowledge of advance mathematics to enable him to understand the contemporary engineering literature. (c) He should well understand the engineering properties of the common materials. (d) He should be able to determine the degree of accuracy required in measurements and calculations and to make approximations accordingly. (e) He should have complete mastery over the economics and engineering aspects of small scale constructional and maintenance operations. This involves a thorough knowledge of specifications, of the engineering control of construction and of the tests that are made to check the results of construction. This also involves his ability to observe the motion, acts and performance of men and machines, evaluate their economic implications in the interest of reducing costs without impairing the strength or safety of structures. For a construction Engineer (a) He should have the qualification (a) to (e) mentioned under the qualification of maintenance engineer. (b) He should be familiar with the modern methods of quality control, time and motion study and of putting to most efficient use of men and machinery.

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(c) He should be fully conversant with the working of field laboratories and control of quality of construction in the field.

For a Design Engineer (a) He should have the qualification (a) to (e) mentioned under the qualification of maintenance engineer. (b) He should be mastery over the theoretical side of his design specialty. (c) He should have training and experience in a design office. Another Suggestion is for the government , Government should takes interest in the engineering field, because engineers can play a vital role in this situation of Pakistan where it has been surrounded by many crisis. What we found through the questionnaires and interviews the say that job crisis contribute a lot in this scenario. When an engineer does not get the

engineering job so the ultimate way of income remains to do Non-Engineering job. About 50% replied the job crisis is the major reason behind this scenario. Farther the engineering research element should by raised in R&D research programs since the R&D sector of any country affects its economy and the quality control at industrial production, the major draw back is that the Research from engineers is diminishing and managerial jobs are taking over. Pakistan needs to be equipped with the modern technology to have stability in economy and advancement in the field of engineering.

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Summary
Engineers are the people who design maintain and modify the current structures; once they stop doing their job it affects the whole system. The engineers in Pakistan are mostly doing administrative jobs due to number of reasons one of the major reason is job crisis which results in a situation where talented people do not get the job they have studied for and get a job of other field ultimately they shift their field. Further it has been seen that the Engineering education quality in Pakistan is very low. Students are trained theoretically not practically, due to this, many students do not prefer the technical job and find rather easy one. Another most important issue is industrial research facilities that has raised dependence on foreign expertise and a huge burden on the national capital. This situation can be changed by series of remedial steps the most important of which is to raise the quality of engineering Education in Pakistan.

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Bibliography
Abbasi, Q. (2011, March 30). Engineers are not Engineers in Pakistan. (Group, Interviewer) Ahmed, S. (2011, March 30). Engineers are not engineers in pakistan. (Group, Interviewer) Hasan, M. (2000). Ideals for Engineering Education in Pakistan. Lahore. Khattak, M. N. (2009). National Innovation System and the Need for an Upgradation Policy for Innovative and R&D Capabilities in Pakistan. Peshawar. NED-UET official Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.neduet.edu.pk/Registrar/prospectus/BE_201011/CHAPTER%203.pdf PEC Official Site. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2011, from http://www.pec.org.pk/schedule_first.aspx Shaikh, D. (2006). Problems And needs of Engineering education. Lahore. Tossef. (2011, March 30). Engineers are not engineers in Pakistan. (Group, Interviewer) Zakariya, A. (2011, March 30). Engineers are not Engineers in Pakistan. (Group, Interviewer)

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Questionnaires
Questionnaire#1(For Engineers and T.As at GIKI)
Q#1:What do you think about Engineers are not working as Engineers in Pakistan? Q#2: What were your Expectations after Graduation? Q#3: Did you Search for any job after Graduation? What jobs have been offered to you? Q#4: which job did you select from above? Q#5: Categorize the job you select. Engineering Administrative other specify _________

Q#6: For how long did you do that job? Andwhy did you leave that job? Q#7: How can we get back the Practical Engineering jobs in Pakistan? Suggestions

Questionnaire#2(For Teachers at GIKI)

Q#1: How will you define term Engineering? Q#2: Do you think that this definition is being satisfied in Pakistan? Q#3: What do you think about the quality of engineering education in Pakistan? Q#4: How will you compare with the Engineering taught in other countries around the globe? Q#5: Why are the foreign Engineers given Preference to the Pakistani Engineers? Q#6: Where does the actual problem lie, in course contents, Engineers, Faculty or somewhere else? Q#7: Why are most of the Engineers doing non-engineering jobs in Pakistan? Q#8: What is the role of Engineers in the under-development countries like Pakistan? Q#9: It has been noticed that majority of the engineers do MBA afterwards. Why is that so? Q#10: Rate a Pakistani engineer as well as a foreign engineer out of 10.
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Q#11: Please suggest some solutions to the problems.

Questionnaire#3(For Final year students at GIKI and Paticipants at NAQSHs all pak event)
Q#1: How will you define an Engineer? a. A person who utilizes scientific knowledge to design new things. b. A person who manages an industry. Q#2: Engineers mostly do Administrative jobs in Pakistan. Do you agree? Q#3: Will you like to do Administrative job after Graduation in Engineering? Q#4: What will you do if you do not get an Engineering job in Pakistan? a. Do non-engineering job b. Go Abroad for job Other specify________________ Q#5: What are the reasons behind this scenario? a. Job crisis in Pakistan. b. Lack of Practical approach in Pakistan. c. Lack of Government interest in Pakistan. Q#6: Are you satisfied with the quality of Engineering education in Pakistan? Q#7: What are your suggestions for this issue? Yes/No c. further study Yes/No Yes/No

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Appendix Appendix #1:

Appendix #2:

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Appendix #3:

Appendix #4:

31

Appendix #5:

Appendix #6:

32

Appendix #7:

Appendix #8:Pie charts: data from Engineers and T.As at GIKI

Pie chart#1:

Engineers are working as Engineers in Paksitan

22% 45% no yes sometimes 33%

33

Pie chart#2

Expectations after Graduation

continue studies job

0%

33%

67%

Pie chart#3:

Searched JOBS after Graduation

yes no

11%

89%

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Pie chart#4:

Category of JOB that they selected

Engineering Administrative Academic

44% 56%

0%

Appendix #9:Pie charts: data from Teachers at GIKI

Pie chart#5:

Definition of ENGINEERING satisfied in PAKISTAN

yes no 0% sometimes

33%

67%

35

Pie chart#6:

Quality of education in PAKISTAN

improving needs improvement 0% better

33%

67%

Pie chart#7:

Engineering in other countries as compared to PAKISTAN

good bad 0% equal

100%

36

Pie chart#8:

Problem lie in
funds,resources Faculty can not Elaborate

33%

34%

33%

Appendix #10:Pie Charts: Data from Participants and under grade

Pie chart#9:

Definition of an Engineer
Designs new things Manages an Industry

13%

87%

37

Pie chart#10:

Engineers are mostly doing Administrative jobs

yes no

25%

75%

Pie chart#11:

Would like to do Administrative job after Graduation

yes no

44%
56%

38

Pie chart#12:

If do not get an Engineering Job

Non-Engrineering Go Abroad Further Study

47%

46%

7%

Pie chart#13:

Reasons Behind
Job crisis Lack of approach in Engr Lack of Govt: interest

13%

50% 37%

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Pie chart#14:

Satisfied with Quality of Engineering Education

yes no

47% 53%

40