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ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION (CODE EE 306) 01 DR GRAYSON MWAMBELEKO JOACHIM J. BScEE 11874. May 26, 2012.

Question one. a) i) The data transfer rate (DTR) is the amount of digital data that is moved from one place to another in a given time. It can be viewed as the data travel speed. And the greater the bandwidth of a given path, the higher the data transfer rate. It is measured in bits per second (bps)

ii)

The bit error rate (BER) is the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission, usually expressed as ten to a negative power. For example, a transmission might have a BER of 10-6, meaning that, out of 1,000,000 bits transmitted, one bit was in error. Too high a BER may indicate that a slower data rate would actually improve overall transmission for a given amount of transmitted data since the BER might be reduced.

iii)

Band width is referred to the volume of information per unit of time that a transmission medium can handle. (Data transmission capacity of a system)

An analogy: Data is to available bandwidth as water is to the size of the pipe. Just like as the size of the pipe increases (Band width), so does the amount of water (Data) that can flow through during a period of time.
b) Given : Bandwidth of voice channel = 3100 Hz; Signal-to- noise ratio (S/N) for a voice-grade line = 30 dB, Required the capacity of the channel

Soln. Form S/N (dB) =10 log (S/N). 30 = 10 log(S/N) 3 = log (S/N) S/N = 103 = 1000. From Shannon Capacity Formula C = B log2 (1 + S/N) C = 3100* log2(1+1000) C = 3100*9.97 C = 30898 bps

Where C Channel capacity (bps) B - Bandwidth (Hz) S/N - Signal to Noise Ratio

c) Given Voice data of frequencies = 4 KHz. One byte is recorded per sample (256 levels), soln According to Nyquist, Fn= 2Fs = 2BW i) The data will be sampled at 2*4000 = 8000 times per second ii) The number of samples per second = Nyquist frequency, thus Nyquist frequency is 8Khz.
As the data is recorded at 8-bits per sample, this gives a data rate of

8K * 8 = 64Kbps

Question 2
a) Given : Eb/No = 8.4dB for BER 10-4 Noise temperature = 290K (room temperature) Data rate is = 2400 bps, Required Received signal level. Soln From = + 10 log all values in dB. Where R Bit/Data rate B - Bandwidth - Carrier to Noise Power = 8.4 + 2400/2400 = 9.4 dB. Also From Boltzmanns equation N = KTB N = 1.38 * 10-23 * 290 * 2400 = 9.6 * 10-18 = - 170 Signal power Received (C) = *N = + (in dB) = 9.4 - 170 = - 160 dB. Where N Noise Power K Boltzmanns constant B Bandwidth T Absolute temperature In BPSK BW = Bit rate

b)

BPSK signal constellation diagram

4-PSK (QPSK) signal constellation diagram.

d)
Given: Bandwidth of 5000 Hz for an ASK, Required the bit rate. Soln: Consider the ASK below

The Baud rate = Bit rate = Bandwidth Therefor ; Bit rate = 5000bps.