University Distribution System Model.

University Distribution System Model:

The distribution system is mainly composed of feeders and the feeder voltages are 11KV in Pakistan and the feeder chosen under our study is University feeder, with voltage 11KV, length of 3.5Km comes from HMC 132KV substation, 3-phase, delta-star, with star grounded at the substation and an un symmetric transposed system is used for the overhead lines of the feeder. The conductors used in the university overhead lines of the university feeder are ASCR dog conductor with 6/7 strands.

The total ratings of the HMC substation are 40MVA, with the three power transformers installed inside the switch yard. There are two transformer having a rating of 10/13MVA and one single power transformer of rating 20/26MVA. Our university feeder is connected to this single power transformer of rating 20/26MVA. This HMC substation feeds total of 15 feeders. The details of our university feeder panel, installed at HMC 132KV substation are as follows. Type designation RT( outgoing) Panel serial 09, 08491 Reference Standard IEC 298 Lighting impulse voltage 95KV Power frequency 36KV Rated Voltage 12000V Nominal Voltage 11000V Bus bar Rated current 2500A Frequency 50Hz Circuit breaker current continuous 630A Circuit breaker current short time 25KV C.T Trip coil shunt 11KV DC Protection core 400:200/5A (lamination insulation) Metering Core 400:200/5A Trolly weight 240Kg Wiring Diagram A/904 5/4

Type of Distribution in University: The university distribution system is Radial distribution system, with a single path for the electric power supply from the HMC 132Kv substation. The distribution is overhead and the tower are spaced at a distance of 100 to 250 feet from each other. The maximum height of the tower 30 feet from the ground and dipped into the ground for 10 to 15 feet.

University Feeder Load Map: The load of university cab be viewed from the substation or at the transformers or from the connected load metering equipment. There are total of 20 distribution transformer installed with a total rating of 3550 KVA. This capacity is too much enough that it completely full fill the total demand of the seven hostels, 5 departments, three tube wells and housing colony. The total load or the maximum demand of the university the summer seasons are as follows. In summer, the maximum demand of the university feeder = 1200KW Average demand in summer of the university feeder is = 850 KW The total maximum loads in amperes are 40A in each of the conductor of the overhead line of the feeder. The average maximum load in amperes for the university feeder is 30A.

University Feeder Electrical characteristics: The feeder is operating at 11KV AC from an infinite bus, having three phase supply, with a sag of 15 degrees in the overhead lines conductors at a frequency of 50HZ, with the voltage regulation in an allowable limits i-e 2.5%. The feeder is a operating at a power factor of 6.8 to 7.5 in the summer when the load are at its peak, while at a power factor of 0.85 lagging in winter season. The load connected to it is three phase as well as single phase. Power flow of university Feeder: The average demand in summer is 850Kw while the average energy consumed per day are between the 16600 to 5550KWh per day. The peak demand or maximum demand in summer is almost 1200Kw while peak maximum units of energy consumed per day are in between 16600Kwh to 8600Kwh. In winter season the demand for the power become reduced to 650Kw and the energy consumed per day are reduced to 8600Kwh.

Voltage Drop of University Feeder: The voltage drop of university feeder is within the permissible limits. The limits allowed for the voltage drops are up to 5%. The voltage drops of university feeder calculated under full load condition are as follows. Voltage drop from substation to the far end foreigner hostel are calculated form the model mathematically as follows. Node To Node Length in Ohms per Km 0 1 100m 1 2 2318.613=2.318613 72'--->21.9456m--2 3 >0.0219456 3 4 95.4024m=0.0954024 4 5 51.816m--->0.051816 5 6 18.5928m--->0.0185928 6 7 53.6448--->0.0536448 7 8 41.7576--->0.0417576 8 9 331.0128--->0.3310128 9 10 217.3224--->0.2173224 10 11 364.8456--->0.3648456 11 12 345.0336--->0.3450336 12 13 35.9664--->0.039664 13 14 68.56--->0.06856 14 15 144.4752--->0.1444752

The impedance of the university feeder from node to node are as follos. Node To Node Z from T-Line 1 2 1.073 2 3 0.0102 3 4 0.0442 4 5 0.0239 5 6 0.0085 6 7 0.0248 7 8 0.0193 8 9 0.153 9 10 0.1005 10 11 0.168 11 12 0.156 12 13 0.0184 13 14 0.0317 14 15 0.0668

The ful load voltage drop of the university feeder as follows. VOLTAGE DROPS : FULL LOAD :100% V=IZ 1 2 199.77 2 3 1.68504 3 4 5.447 4 5 1.942 5 6 0.6018 6 7 1.625 7 8 1.062 8 9 52.15 9 10 2.3718 10 11 3.52 11 12 3.27 12 13 0.1931 13 14 0.332 14 15 0.35 Receiving Voltage at Far end of University Feeder =Sending Voltage Voltage drops = 11000 211.047 V = 10.781 Kv Voltage drop to foreigner hostel VR = VS - VR / VR VR = 11000 10781/ 10781 VR= 0.024 * 100 VR= 2.04% Power factor of university feeder: The power factor of university feeder in summer is in between the range of 0.75 to 0.68, while in winter season the university feeder power factor is in between 0.82 to 0.92 .

Operation of Distribution Transformer of University Feeder: The distribution transformers at the university feeder are not fully load and they are almost loaded up to 45 to 55 % of the peak load. So there is also a need to minimize the no. of transformers up to 12 distribution transformers instead of installing 20 transformers. We may also connect the transformers into parallel at some palces to meet the load. We can operate the distribution transformers installed in front of Ali Hall New Hall to meet the net load required of the these both halls as well the Q-hall, thus the losses will be minimized and the distribution transformer will be operating at 80 to 95 % of its peak loading. This will also help us in the reduction of no. of Transformers and the DGs installed at the university will be operated in a smooth way and also its control may be more easy to share power between the different hostels.

Losses in University feeder: LOSSES OF UNIVERSITY FEEDER UNDER FULL LOAD OPERATION I NODE1 TO NODE2 LINE LOSSES 1 2 3.719kw 2 3 0.278kw 3 4 0.671 4 5 0.159 5 6 0.426 6 7 0.106 7 8 0.058

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 TOTAL LOSSES

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0.177 0.055 0.073 0.068 0.002 0.0034 0.018 5.3184KW

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER LOSSES TRANSFORMER RATING 200KVA 100KVA 50KVA EFFECIENCY 98 98.5 98 LOSSES 3KW 1.5KW 0.75KW

LOSSES OF UNIVERSITY DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER RATING 50KVA 100KVA 200KVA NO 1 3 16 EFFICIENCY 98 98.5 98 LOSSES 0.75KW 4.5KW 48KW

TOTAL LOSSES OF UNIVERSITY FEEDER LINE LOSSES TRANSFORMER LOSSES ENERGY CONSUMED TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED 58.31KHh TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED AS LOSSES PER DAY 5.3184KW 53KW 58.31K W

1399.44Kwh

AMOUNT OF RS TO PAY PER MONTH DUE TO LOSSES AMOUNT OF RS TO PAY PER YEAR

12594.94RS/MONT H 151,128RS PER YEAR

Loading of University feeder: The university feeder is heavily loaded in the summer season at the morning when the hostels as well as the departments and colony load is connected to the university feeder. This time the load in current rises to its peak value of 40A, and after half an hour when the load of the hostels as well as the colony heavy load is disconnected than it reduced to 30 or 25 A. it remains almost constant for this value till 3Pm, and after that it again increases to its high value of 40A when the load of the hostels, colony and the departments are totally connected to the distribution feeder. This is the evening peak of the university feeder. At night time, after the 6Pm, the load on the feeder again goes on reducing and it reaches a value of 20A. this load remains constant till 10Pm, and after 10pm the load of university again increases due to the heavy load of hostels and colony connected to university feeder and it reaches to value of 30A at night. This load remains constant up to 6pm. Thus university feeder load is continuously varying from 20 to 40 A in summer season, but it becomes never overloaded due to its large power carrying capacity of 4.154 megawatts. The total peak load of the university is 1.25Megawatts, and this value is much less than the rated capacity of the feeder. So by these calculations it is obvious that we can easily connect the new loads when new departments or hostels are constructed with a combined load demand of 3.22 megawatts more i-e 3 times as load as current. Thus if new hostels of departments are constructed, than there is no need of new transmission lines or overhead lines for the university feeder as the existing system has much tendency to sustain the load of future new departments and hostels.