County: Any Hwy: Any Design: BRG Date: 6/2005

LRFD Bent Cap Design Example

Design Parameters
Span 1
100' Type IV Beams (0.821
k
/
ft
)
5 Beams Spaced @ 8.50' with 3' overhangs
Span 2
120' Type IV Beams (0.821
k
/
ft
)
6 Beams Spaced @ 6.80' with 3' overhangs
All Spans
Type T501 Rail (0.33k/ft)
8" Thick Slab (0.100 ksf)
Assume 2" Overlay @ 140 pcf (0.023 ksf)
Use Class "C" Concrete
f'
c
=3.60 ksi
Grade 60 Reinforcing
F
y
=60 ksi
Assume
3'-3" X 3'-3" Cap
3 Columns Spaced @ 15'-0"
Cap will be modeled as a continuous beam with simple supports using TxDOT's CAP18 program.
TxDOT does not consider frame action for typical multi-column bents.
LRFD Cap Design Example
Back Span Ahead Span
Span1 100 := ft Span2 120 := ft RailWt 0.376 := klf
BmSpa1 8.5 := ft BmSpa2 6.8 := ft SlabThk 8 := in
BmNo1 5 := BmNo2 6 := OverlayThk 2 := in
IM 0.33 := Dynamic load allowance, LRFD 3.6.2
BmWt1 0.821 := klf BmWt2 0.821 := klf
Cap Properties:
CapWidth 3.25 := ft
CapDepth 3.25 := ft
station 0.5 :=
ft
sta
Station increment for CAP18.
fc 3.60 := ksi Ec 33000 0.145
1.5
fc := Ec 3457.14 = ksi
Es 29000 := ksi
page 1
20.0 33.0 47.0 60.0
Dead Load
SPAN 1
Rail1
2 RailWt
Span1
2

BmNo1
:= Rail1 7.52 =
Increase slab DL by 5% to account
for haunch and thickened ends.
Slab1 0.150BmSpa1
SlabThk
12

Span1
2
1.05 := Slab1 44.62 =
Beam1 BmWt1
Span1
2
:= Beam1 41.05 =
Overlay1 0.140 BmSpa1
OverlayThk
12

Span1
2
:= Overlay1 9.92 = Design for future overlay.
DLRxn1 Rail1 Slab1 + Beam1 + Overlay1 + :=
DLRxn1 103.11 =
kip/beam
For bents with different beam
spacings forward and back, TXDOT
standard design procedure requires
two CAP18 problems as follows:
Problem 1, Table 3 describes
stringers for SPAN 1 only.
Problem 2, same as problem 1
except hold envelopes from
problem 1 and on Table 3 describe
stringers for SPAN 2 only. Use
problem 2 results.
SPAN 2
Rail2
2 RailWt
Span2
2

BmNo2
:= Rail2 7.52 =
Slab2 0.150 BmSpa2
SlabThk
12

Span2
2
1.05 := Slab2 42.84 =
Beam2 BmWt2
Span2
2
:= Beam2 49.26 =
Overlay2 0.140 BmSpa2
OverlayThk
12

Span2
2
:= Overlay2 9.52 =
DLRxn2 Rail2 Slab2 + Beam2 + Overlay2 + :=
DLRxn2 109.14 =
kip/beam
Cap 0.150 CapWidth CapDepth station := Cap 0.79 =
kip/station
page 2
Cap 18 Live Load Model
Live Load LRFD 3.6.1.2.2 and 3.6.1.2.4
LongSpan if Span1 Span2 > Span1 , Span2 , ( ) :=
ShortSpan if Span1 Span2 > Span2 , Span1 , ( ) :=
LongSpan 120.00 = ft
ShortSpan 100.00 = ft
IM 0.33 =
Lane 0.64
LongSpan ShortSpan +
2
|

\
|
.
:=
Lane 70.40 = kip
For maximum reaction at interior
bents, "Design Truck" will always
govern over "Design Tandem".
Truck 32.0 32.0
LongSpan 14
LongSpan
|

\
|
.
+ 8.0
ShortSpan 14
ShortSpan
|

\
|
.
+ :=
Truck 67.15 = kip
Combine "Design Truck" and
"Design Lane" loadings.
LRFD 3.6.1.3
Dynamic load allowance, IM,
does not apply to "Design Lane."
LRFD 3.6.1.2.4
LLRxn Lane Truck 1 IM + ( ) + :=
LLRxn 159.71 =
kip/lane
P 16.0 1 IM + ( ) :=
P 21.28 = kip
TXDOT practice has been to
model live load as two 16kip
wheel loads increased by
maximum impact with the
remainder of the live load to be
distributed over a 10ft design
lane width. It is reasonable to
continue this for LRFD.
k
ft
ft
sta
W
LLRxn 2 P ( )
10
station
:=
W 5.86 =
kip/station
page 3
Cap 18 Data Input
Input "Multiple Presence Factors"
into Cap18 as "Load Reduction
Factors".
Multiple Presence Factors, m LRFD 3.6.1.1.2
No. of Lanes Factor "m"
1
2
3
>3
1.20
1.00
0.85
0.65
Note: When using CAP18 for LRFD,
an additional analysis will need to be
performed that defines one large lane
as the clear width of the bridge. This
step corrects the unconservative
problem of CAP18 not using the 1.2
factor for a single lane in the random
load calculation.
Limit States LRFD 3.4.1
Strength I
For cap design, need only to
consider Strength I and Service I. Live Load and Dynamic Load Allowance LL + IM = 1.75
Dead Load Components DC = 1.25
For Strength I, LRFD specifies a
dead load factor of 1.50 for
"Wearing Surface". CAP18 will only
allow input of one dead load factor.
Therefore, input 1.25 for ALL dead
loads. Wearing surface is only a
fraction of the dead weight, thus,
this approximation will be close
enough.
Dead Load Wearing Surface (Overlay) DW = 1.50
Use Dead Load factor = 1.25 and Live Load factor = 1.75.
Service I
Live Load and Dynamic Load Allowance LL + IM = 1.00
Dead Load and Wearing Surface DC & DW = 1.00
Summary of CAP18 Input problem
cards:
Problem 1- Bridge defined with Span
1 beam spacing.
Problem 2- Same as Problem 1 with
1 large lane defined and envelopes
held from previous problem.
Problem 3- Bridge defined with Span
2 beam spacing and envelopes held
from previous problem..
Problem 4- Same as Problem 3 with
1 large lane defined and envelopes
held from previous problem.
Use Dead Load factor = 1.00 and Live Load factor = 1.00.
Dead Load
TXDOT also considers Service level Dead Load only.
Cap 18 Output
( kip ft )
Max +M
( kip ft )
Max -M
Dead Load
posDL 390.8 := negDL 599.1 :=
Service
posServ 1026.4 := negServ 985.9 :=
Ultimate
posUlt 1630.4 := negUlt 1425.7 :=
Mdl if posDL negDL > posDL , negDL , ( ) := Mdl 599.10 = kip ft
Ms if posServ negServ > posServ , negServ , ( ) := Ms 1026.40 = kip ft
Mu if posUlt negUlt > posUlt , negUlt , ( ) := Mu 1630.40 = kip ft
page 4
Minimum Flexural Reinforcement LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
M
r
must be greater than or equal to the lesser of 1.2 M
cr
or 1.33Mu
where
Ig
CapWidth 12 ( ) CapDepth 12 ( )
3

12
:=
Ig 192786.75 = in
4
fr 0.24 fc := fr 0.455 = ksi
yt
CapDepth 12
2
:= yt 19.50 = in
Mcr
Ig fr
yt
:= Mcr 4502.00 = kip in
Therefore,
Design for the lesser of 1.2M
cr
or
1.33Mu when determining minimum
area of steel required. TXDOT's
typical practice is to provide at least
1.2 M
cr
in bent caps.
Mcr1
1.2 Mcr
12
:= Mcr1 450.20 = kip ft
Mcr2 1.33 Mu := Mcr2 2168.43 = kip ft
Mf if Mcr1 Mcr2 s Mcr1 , Mcr2 , ( ) :=
Thus, M
r
must be greater than
Mf 450.20 = kip ft
Moment Capacity Design LRFD 5.7.3.2
Try,
BarNo 8 :=
(#11's Top & Bottom)
As BarNo ( ) 1.56 := in
2
As 12.48 = in
2
d CapDepth 12 ( ) 2
5
8
|

\
|
.

1.41
2
:= d 35.67 = in
b CapWidth 12 := b 39.00 = in
Beta 0.85 := fc 3.60 = ksi
LRFD 5.7.2.2
MPhi 0.9 := fy 60 := ksi
To find a:
c
As fy
0.85 fc Beta b
:= c 7.38 = in LRFD 5.7.3.1.2-4
a c Beta := a 6.27 = in
Thus,
Mn As fy d
a
2

\
|
.
:= Mn 24360.52 = kip in LRFD 5.7.3.2.2-1
Mr
MPhi Mn
12
:= Mr 1827.04 = kip ft
Mu 1630.40 = kip ft
MinReinfChk if Mr Mf > ( ) OK , NG , [ ] := MinReinfChk "OK!" =
UltimateMom if Mr Mu > ( ) OK , NG , [ ] := UltimateMom "OK!" =
page 5
Check Servicability "Control of cracking by Distribution of Reinforcement", LRFD 5.7.3.4
Check allowable M
s
, given:
dc 2
5
8
|

\
|
.
+
1.41
2
+ := dc 3.33 = in
A
dc 2 CapWidth 12 ( )
BarNo
:= A 32.47 = in
2
To find fs:
z 170 :=
kip
in
fs1
z
3
dc A
:= fs1 35.68 = ksi
fs2 0.6 fy := fs2 36.00 = ksi
fs if fs1 fs2 s fs1 , fs2 , ( ) := fs 35.68 = ksi
To find j:
n
Es
Ec
:= n 8.39 =
p
As
b d
:=
p 0.0090 =
k 2 p n ( ) p n ( )
2
+ p n ( ) := k 0.320 =
Thus,
For simplicity one can take j=0.9 for
"typical" bent caps.
j 1
k
3
:= j 0.89 =
AllowMs
As d j fs
12
:= AllowMs 1182.62 = kip ft
Ms 1026.40 = kip ft
ServiceabilityMom if AllowMs Ms > ( ) OK , NG , [ ] := ServiceabilityMom "OK!" =
Check Dead Load
TXDOT limits dead load stress to
22 ksi. This is due to observed
cracking under dead load.
Check allowable M
dl
:
fdl 22 := ksi
AllowMdl
As d j fdl
12
:= AllowMdl 729.09 = kip ft
Mdl 599.10 = kip ft
DeadLoadMom if AllowMdl Mdl > ( ) OK , NG , [ ] := DeadLoadMom "OK!" =
TXDOT typically uses the same
reinforcement top and bottom for
simplicity.
Flexural Steel Summary: Use
BarNo 8 =
(Top & Bottom)
page 6
Shear Design LRFD 5.8 (For flow chart of shear design procedure see Figure C5.8.3.4.2-5)
Vn must be the lesser of V
c
+V
s
+V
p
or 0.25f
c
b
v
d
v
LRFD 5.8.3.3-1&2
LRFD 5.8.3.3-3
Where, Vc = 0.0316 Beta fc b d
LRFD C5.8.3.3-1
Vs =
Av fy dv cot theta ( )
s
Since shear is dependent on location, let's look at STA 18:
Vu 438 := kips
Sta12Mu 692 := kip ft
Mn 24360.52 = kip in
w/
BarNo 8 =
#11's (Top & Bottom) Refer to page 5.
Find dv:
d
v1
must not be less than the greater of d
v2
and d
v3
:
dv1
Mn
As fy
:= dv1 32.53 = in
LRFD C5.8.2.9-1
dv2 0.9 d := dv2 32.10 = in
dv3 0.72 CapDepth 12 ( ) := dv3 28.08 = in
tempdv if dv2 dv3 > ( ) dv2 , dv3 , [ ] :=
dv if dv1 tempdv > dv1 , tempdv , ( ) :=
dv 32.5 = in
Find Maximum Vn:
Vn1 0.25 fc b dv := Vn1 1141.90 = kips
Maximum V
r1
must be greater than |V
n
VPhi 0.9 := Vu 438.00 = kips
LRFD 5.5.4.2.1
Vp 0 := kips
Thus,
Vr1 VPhi Vn1 := Vr1 1027.71 = kips
LRFD 5.8.2.1-2
MaxVr1 if Vr1 Vu > ( ) OK , NG , [ ] :=
If Vr
max
< Vu
max,
then use a
LARGER cap depth in order to
satisfy shear requirements.
LRFD 5.8.2.9-1
MaxVr1 "OK!" =
page 7
Shear Design
To find Vc+Vs we need to determine u and |: LRFD 5.8.2.9
v
Vu VPhi Vp ( )
VPhi b dv
:= v 0.38 = ksi
ratio
v
fc
:= ratio 0.107 =
Using Table 5.8.3.4.2-1:
with ratio 0.107 =
and
cx1 0.001 :=
Determining u and | is an
interative process, therefore,
assume initial value of c
x1
=0.001
per LRFD 5.8.3.4.2 and then verify
that the assumption was valid.
Theta 37.0 :=
and
BetaShr 2.13 :=
Verify assumed value of cx:
Recall,
Nu 0 := kips Vu 438 = kips
Vp 0 := kips Sta12Mu 692 = kip ft
dv 32.5 = in
However, Mu must be greater than Vu*dv so:
Es 29000 = ksi
newMu if Sta12Mu Vu
dv
12

\
|
.
> Sta12Mu , Vu
dv
12
,

(
(

:=
Theta 37.00 = deg
newMu 1187.45 = kip ft
As 12.48 = in
2
cx
newMu 12
dv
|

\
|
.
0.5 Nu + 0.5 Vu Vp ( ) cot Theta
t
180

\
|
.
+
2 Es As
:=
If c
x
< 0
,
then use equation
5.8.3.4.2-3 and re-solve for c
x
.
cx 0.0010 =
The table values for u and | can
be applied over a range, thus, no
interpolation is required.
(*Note: Shear spreadsheet will
automatically interpolate u and |
values so results will slightly vary
from hand calculations.)
Ex if 0.75 cx 1000 s ( ) OK , Recalculate , [ ] := Ex "OK!" =
Theta 37.00 =
deg and
BetaShr 2.13 =
Recall,
fc 3.60 = ksi
b 39.00 = in
dv 32.53 = in
Find Vc: LRFD 5.8.3.3-3
Vc 0.0316 BetaShr fc b dv := Vc 162.03 = kips
page 8
Shear Design (Continued)
Assuming #5 stirrups at in spacing,
s 9.5 :=
Av 4 0.31 ( ) := fy 60.00 = ksi Theta 37.00 = deg
Av 1.24 = in
2
dv 32.53 = in
Find Vs:
LRFD 5.8.3.3-1
Vs
Av fy dv cot Theta
t
180

\
|
.

s
:= Vs 338.11 = kips
Find Vn:
Vp 0.00 =
Vn1 1141.90 =
(Refer to page 7)
Vn2 Vc Vs + Vp + := Vn2 500.14 = kips
LRFD 5.8.3.3-1
Thus,
Vn if Vn1 Vn2 s Vn1 , Vn2 , ( ) :=
Vn 500.14 = kips
Shear Resistance:
Vphi 0.9 :=
LRFD 5.8.2.1-2
Vr Vphi Vn :=
Vr 450.13 = kips
and
Vu 438.00 = kips
ShearResistance if Vr Vu > OK , NG , ( ) := ShearResistance "OK!" =
Therefore, use double #5 stirrups @
s 9.50 =
in spacing
This process should be repeated at ALL points of critical shear. The Concrete
Section Shear Capacity spreadsheet can be used in lieu of hand calculations.
page 9
County: Descrip:
Highway:
C-S-J: Design: RCR Ck Dsn:
Bridge Division Rev: 7/6/04 Date: Nov-04
Resistance Factors: Units: US
|
V
= 0.9
|
M
= 0.9
|
N
= 1
Concrete: Mild Steel: Prestressed Steel:
f'c = 3.6 ksi fy = 60 ksi fps = 270 ksi
Ec = 3453 ksi Es = 29000 ksi Ep = 28500 ksi
SECTIONS
Units Sta 8 Sta 12 Sta 18 Sta 25 Sta 31 Sta 35 Sta 45 Sta 50
Input Data
Web width, bv in 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00
Shear depth, dv in 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53
Bending moment, Mu kip-ft 491 692 1199 1286 655 473 585 593
Shear force, Vu kip 488 438 432 241 247 522 454 202
Prestress shear, Vp kip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Axial force, Nu kip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mild steel reinf. area, As in^2 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48
Prestressed steel area, Aps in^2
Area of beam below h/2, Ac in^2 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5
Area of stirrups, Av in^2 0.62 1.24 1.24 0.62 0.62 1.24 1.24 0.62
Stirrup spacing, s in 4 10 10 12 12 7.5 9 12
Effective prestress fpe
ksi
Torsional Moment, Tu kip-ft
Shear flow area, Ao in^2
Area of one leg of stirrup, At in^2
Perimeter of stirrup, Ph in
Area enclosed by stirrup, Aoh
in^2
Calculated Values
Vc kip 162.8 165.1 165.1 175.0 189.4 162.0 164.3 194.7
Vs kip 403.0 323.5 323.5 143.0 161.4 428.3 359.5 168.4
|Vn kip 509 440 440 286 316 531 471 327
c
x
1.00E+00 1.00E+00 1.00E+00 8.91E-01 6.14E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+00 5.35E-01
u deg 36.90 36.80 36.80 35.20 32.00 37.00 36.80 30.92
| 2.140 2.170 2.170 2.300 2.490 2.130 2.160 2.560
Req'd Shear reinf. Av/S in^2/in 0.146 0.123 0.121 0.034 0.027 0.161 0.130 0.009
Req'd Torsion reinf. At/S in^2/in 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Maximum stirrup spacing, Smax
in 4.2 10.1 10.3 15.9 15.9 7.7 9.5 15.9
Conclusion
Shear Reinforcing OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Longitudinal Reinforcing OK OK FAILED FAILED OK OK OK OK
Note: Longitudinal Reinforcing check can be ignored for typical multi-column bent caps. For straddle bents with no overhangs,
this check must be considered. Refer to LRFD 5.8.3.5 for further information. May use 6" spa. for
Spreadsheet columns must be used in consecutive order to work properly. DO NOT skip a column. cantilevered regions.
If torsion is not being considered, leave last five rows of input data blank. TXDOT max. spa. = 12"
CONCRETE SECTION SHEAR CAPACITY BY AASHTO LRFD 2004 BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Any
Any
Any
LRFD Design for Shear: Rectangular
Bent Cap Design
Designed with
double stirrups
page 10
BRG
County: Descrip:
Highway:
C-S-J: Design: RCR Ck Dsn:
Bridge Division Rev: 7/6/04 Date: Nov-04
Resistance Factors: Units: US
|
V
= 0.9
|
M
= 0.9
|
N
= 1
Concrete: Mild Steel: Prestressed Steel:
f'c = 3.6 ksi fy = 60 ksi fps = 270 ksi
Ec = 3453 ksi Es = 29000 ksi Ep = 28500 ksi
SECTIONS
Units Sta 56 Sta 61 Sta 68 Sta72
Input Data
Web width, bv in 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00
Shear depth, dv in 32.53 32.53 32.53 32.53
Bending moment, Mu kip-ft 1072 878 692 491
Shear force, Vu kip 196 339 346 488
Prestress shear, Vp kip 0 0 0 0
Axial force, Nu kip 0 0 0 0
Mild steel reinf. area, As in^2 12.48 12.48 12.48 12.48
Prestressed steel area, Aps in^2
Area of beam below h/2, Ac in^2 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5
Area of stirrups, Av in^2 0.62 1.24 1.24 0.62
Stirrup spacing, s in 12 12 12 4
Effective prestress fpe
ksi
Torsional Moment, Tu kip-ft
Shear flow area, Ao in^2
Area of one leg of stirrup, At in^2
Perimeter of stirrup, Ph in
Area enclosed by stirrup, Aoh
in^2
Calculated Values
Vc kip 181.1 177.2 175.7 162.8 189.4 161.3 164.3 194.7
Vs kip 151.2 294.6 292.4 403.0 161.4 428.3 359.5 168.4
|Vn kip 299 425 421 509 316 531 471 327
c
x
7.49E-01 8.10E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 6.14E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+00 5.35E-01
u deg 33.70 34.40 34.60 36.90 32.00 37.00 36.80 30.92
| 2.380 2.330 2.310 2.140 2.490 2.120 2.160 2.560
Req'd Shear reinf. Av/S in^2/in 0.013 0.070 0.074 0.146 0.027 0.163 0.132 0.009
Req'd Torsion reinf. At/S in^2/in 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Maximum stirrup spacing, Smax
in 15.9 17.7 16.8 4.2 15.9 7.6 9.4 15.9
Conclusion
Shear Reinforcing OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Longitudinal Reinforcing OK OK OK OK OK FAILED FAILED OK
Note: Longitudinal Reinforcing check can be ignored for typical multi-column bent caps. For straddle bents with no overhangs,
this check must be considered. Refer to LRFD 5.8.3.5 for further information. May use 6" spa. for
Spreadsheet columns must be used in consecutive order to work properly. DO NOT skip a column. cantilevered regions.
If torsion is not being considered, leave last five rows of input data blank. TXDOT max. spa. = 12"
CONCRETE SECTION SHEAR CAPACITY BY AASHTO LRFD 2004 BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Any
Any
Any
LRFD Design for Shear: Rectangular
Bent Cap Design
Designed with
double stirrups
for symmetry
page 11
BRG
County: Descrip:
Highway:
C-S-J: Design: RCR Ck Dsn:
Bridge Division Rev: 7/6/04 Date: Nov-04
Capacity Reduction Factors: Units: US
|
V
= 0.9 Section: Sta 12
|
M
= 0.9
|
N
= 1
Concrete: Mild Steel: Prestressed Steel: Stirrups:
f'c = 3.6 ksi fy = 60 ksi fps = 270 ksi Av = 1.24 in^2
Ec = 3453 ksi Es = 29000 ksi fpe = ksi s = 9.5 in
Ac = 760.5 in^2 As = 12.48 in^2 Ep = 28500 ksi At = in^2
Aps = in^2 Ph = in
Section Geometry: Loads: Concrete Stresses:
bv = 39 in Mu = 692 kip-ft fpo =0.7fps 189.0 ksi
dv = 32.5 in Vu = 438 kip v = 0.3836 ksi (LRFD 5.8.3.6.2-4)
Aoh = in^2 Vp = 0 kip c
x1
= 1.0000 (1,000's) (LRFD 5.8.3.4.2-1)
Ao = in^2 Nu = 0 kip c
x2
= NA (1,000's) (LRFD 5.8.3.4.2-2)
Tu = kip-ft c
x3
= NA (1,000's) (LRFD 5.8.3.4.2-3)
Shear Capacity Calculations:
Determination of u and |:
Vc = 165 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.3-3) c
x
= 1.0000 (1,000's) (LRFD 5.8.3.4.2-1,2,3)
Vs = 341 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.3-4) v/fc = 0.107
Vp = 0 kip u = 36.8 (Trial value)
Vn = 506 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.3-1) u1 = 36.8 (LRFD Table 5.8.3.4.2-1)
Vn(max)= 1142 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.3-2) u u1 = 0.0
|Vn = 455 kip | = 2.17 (LRFD Table 5.8.3.4.2-1)
Shear Stirrup Requirements: Torsion Stirrup Requirements:
Av/S (min) = 0.039 in^2/in (LRFD 5.8.2.5-1) Vueq = 438 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.6.2-2)
Req'd Vs = 322 kip (Vu/|v-Vc-Vp) |Tn = 0 kip-ft (LRFD 5.8.3.6.2-1)
Req'd Av/S = 0.123 in^2/in (Vs/(bv*dv*cotu)) Req'd At/S = 0.000 in^2/in
Av = 1.24 in^2 Torsion, S <= 1000.0 in
Shear, S <= 10.1 in OK
OK
Longitudinal Reinforcing Requirements: Combined Shear and Torsion Requirements:
As*fy+Aps*fps = 749 kip Smax <= 24 in (LRFD 5.8.2.7-1,2)
Req'd Force = 707 kip (LRFD 5.8.3.6.3-1) Req'd Spacing = 10.1 in
OK OK
Final Shear Design Statement: OK
CONCRETE SECTION SHEAR CAPACITY BY AASHTO LRFD 2004 BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
LRFD Design for Shear: Rectangular Bent
Cap Design
page 12
BRG
BRG
Formulas: Items Units
Force kip
Determine unit shear stress: Moment kip-ft
v = [((Vu-|Vp)/(|bv*dv))^2 + ((Tu*Ph)/(|Aoh^2))^2]^0.5
(5.8.3.6.2-4) Stress ksi
Distance in
Determine strain in reinforcement on tension side of the member: (Mu not less than Vu*dv) Area in^2
c
x1
= (Mu/dv + 0.5Nu +0.5(Vueq-Vp)*cotu - Aps*fpo)/2(EsAs+EpAps) <= 0.001 (5.8.3.4.2-1) Area/Distance in^2/in
If combined shear and torsion: (5.8.3.6.2)
c
x2
= (Mu/dv + 0.5Nu +0.5(Vueq-Vp)*cotu - Aps*fpo)/(EsAs+EpAps) (5.8.3.4.2-2)
If c
x1
< 0 (compression) then:
c
x3
= (Mu/dv + 0.5Nu +0.5(Vueq-Vp)*cotu - Aps*fpo)/2(EcAc+EsAs+EpAps)
(5.8.3.4.2-3)
Equivalent ultimate shear for combined shear and torsion
Vueq = [Vu^2 + ((0.9*Ph*Tu)/(2*Ao))^2]^0.5 (5.8.3.6.2-2)
Find values of u and | as a function of concrete shear stress v and strain c
x
from Figure 5.8.3.4.2-1
Calculate shear capacity of concrete Vc
Vc = 0.0316 |*sqrt(f'c)bv*dv (5.8.3.3-3)
Calculate stirrups shear capacity Vs
Vs = Av*fy*dv*cotu/S (5.8.3.3-4)
Calculate total shear capacity Vn, as Lesser of:
Vn = Vc+Vs+Vp (5.8.3.3-1)
Vn = 0.25f'c*bv*dv+Vp (5.8.3.3-2)
|Vn =min(Vn1, Vn2)*|
Maximum Spacing of Stirrups, S (5.8.2.7)
if Vu < 0.125 f'c*bv*dv then S<=0.8dv<=24 in
if Vu >= 0.125 f'c*bv*dv then S<=0.4dv<=12 in
Minimum shear reinforcing
Av/S >=0.0316*Sqrt(f'c)*bv/fy (5.8.2.5-1)
Torsional Resistance
Tn = (2*Ao*At*fy*cotu)/s
(5.8.3.6.2-1)
Minimum torsional reinforcing
At/S >= Tu/(|2*Ao*fy*cotu)
Minimum transverse reinforcement
Smax = At/((Av/S)
min
*(At/Av) + (At/S)
min
)
Longitudinal reinforcement requirements (5.8.3.6.3-1)
As*fy+Aps*fps >= Mu/(dv|
M
)+0.5Nu/|
N
+cotu[(Vu/|
V
-0.5Vs-Vp)^2+((0.45PhTu)/(2Ao|
v
))^2]^0.5
with Vs not to be taken as greater than Vu/|
V (5.8.3.5-1)
page 13
Notations:
bv effective web width (5.8.2.9)
dv effective shear depth taken as a distance between resultants of the tensile and compressive
forces due to flexure, but need not be taken less than greater of 0.9de or 0.72h (5.8.2.9)
Mu factored moment, taken as a positive quantity, input as kip-ft, used in equations as kip-in (5.8.3.4.2)(5.8.3.5-1)
Vu factored shear force (kip), taken as a positive quantity (5.8.3.4.2)
Nu factored axial force (kip), positive if tensile, negative if compressive (5.8.3.4.2)
As area of nonprestressed steel (in^2), on the flexural tension side of the member (5.8.3.4.2)
Aps area of prestressing steel (in^2), on the flexural tension side of the member (5.8.3.4.2)
Ac area of concrete (in^2), on the flexural tension side of the member (5.8.3.4.2)
Av area of shear reinforcing (in^2), within distance S (5.8.2.5)
s spacing of transverse reinforcement (in) (5.8.2.5)
fpe effective stress in prestressing steel (ksi), after losses (5.6.3.4.1)
Tu factored torsional moment, input as kip-ft, used in formulas as kip-in (5.8.2.1)
Aoh area enclosed by centerline of exterior closed transverse torsion reinforcement (in^2), including area of holes (5.8.3.6.2
Ao area enclosed by the shear flow path (in^2), including area of holes therin, if any (5.8.3.6.2)
At area of one leg of transverse torsion reinforcement (in^2) (5.8.3.6.2)
Ph perimeter of the centerline of the closed transverse torsion reinforcement (in) (5.8.3.6.2)
f'c compressive strength of concrete (ksi)
Ec modulus of elasticity of concrete (ksi)
fy yield strength of mild reinforcement (ksi)
Es modulus of elasticity of mild reinforcement (ksi)
fps ultimate strength of prestressing strands (ksi)
Ep modulus of elasticity of prestressing strands (ksi)
Vc nominal shear resistance (kip), provided by tensile stresses in concrete (5.8.2.4)
Vs shear resistance provided by shear reinforcement (kip) (5.8.3.3)
|Vn factored nominal shear resistance of the section considered (kip) (Vn - 5.8.2.1) (| - 5.5.4.2.1)
c
x longitudinal strain in the web reinforcement (in/in) on the flexural side of the member (5.8.3.4.2)
u angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stresses, (5.8.3.4)
| factor indicating ability of diagonally cracked concrete to transmit tension (5.8.3.4)
Av/S minimum required shear reinforcement (in^2/in) (5.8.2.5-1)
At/S minimum required torsional reinforcement (in^2/in) (5.8.3.6.2)
Smax maximum stirrup spacing for combined shear and torsion effects (in)
v unit shear stress, (ksi) (5.8.3.6.2-4)
Vp
Vueq
equivalent factored shear for combined shear and torsion (kip), for calculating c
x
, u, and | (5.8.3.6.2-2)
fpo stress in reinforcment when stress in concrete is zero (ksi), typically 0.7*fpu (5.8.3.4.2)
|Tn factored nominal torsional resistance of the section considered (kip-in) (Tn - 5.8.3.6.2-1) (| - 5.5.4.2.1)
fps average stress in prestressing steel at the time for shich the nominal resistance of member is required (ksi) (C5.6.3.3.3)
I
n
p
u
t
O
u
t
p
u
t
component in the direction of the applied shear of the effective prestressing force (kip), positive if resisting the applied
shear (C5.8.2.3)
I
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
page 14
LRFD CAP18 Example 0000-00-000 RCR 11-01-2004
INTERIOR BENTS
1 E HL-93; Span 1 (Beam Spa= 8.5')
TABLE 1: 2 8 15 -2 0.000E+00
TABLE 2: 80 5.000E-01 20 2 58 1 3 1.250E+00 1.750E+00
3 1.200E+00 1.000E+00 8.500E-01
TABLE 3: 3 5 3 11 3
(Left) 2 26 54
(Right) 26 54 78
(Stringers) 6.0 23.0 40.0 57.0 74.0
(Supports) 10 40 70
(Moments) 6 19 23 33 40 47 57 60 74 10
70
(Shears) 8 12 38
TABLE 4: 2 78 1.000E+09 -7.920E-01
6 6 -1.031E+02
23 23 -1.031E+02
40 40 -1.031E+02
57 57 -1.031E+02
74 74 -1.031E+02
6 6 -1.091E+02
20 20 -1.091E+02
33 33 -1.091E+02
47 47 -1.091E+02
60 60 -1.091E+02
74 74 -1.091E+02
0 20 -5.860E+00
4 4 -2.130E+01
16 16 -2.130E+01
2 E Span 1 (1 lane loading)- envelopes held
TABLE 1: 1 1 1 8 -2 0.000E+00
TABLE 3: 1 5 3 11 3
(Left) 2
(Right) 78
(Stringers) 6.0 23.0 40.0 57.0 74.0
(Supports) 10 40 70
(Moments) 6 19 23 33 40 47 57 60 74 10
70
(Shears) 8 12 38
3 E Span 2 (Beam spa= 6.8')- Span 1 envelopes held
TABLE 1: 1 1 1 8 -2 0.000E+00
TABLE 3: 3 6 3 11 3
(Left) 2 26 54
(Right) 26 54 78
(Stringers) 6.0 19.6 33.2 46.8 60.4 74.0
(Supports) 10 40 70
(Moments) 6 19 23 33 40 47 57 60 74 10
70
(Shears) 8 12 38
4 E Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
TABLE 1: 1 1 1 8 -2 0.000E+00
TABLE 3: 1 6 3 11 3
(Left) 2
(Right) 78
(Stringers) 6.0 19.6 33.2 46.8 60.4 74.0
(Supports) 10 40 70
(Moments) 6 19 23 33 40 47 57 60 74 10
70
(Shears) 8 12 38
CEASE
CAP18 Input
page 15
See page 4 for
description of CAP18
problem cards.
20.0 33.0 47.0 60.0
20.0 33.0 47.0 60.0
CAP18 Output
NOV 7, 2004 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (TxDOT) PAGE 39
CAP18 BENT CAP ANALYSIS Win32 Ver 5.1 Aug 2001
PROB 4 Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
(CONTINUED)
TABLE 4A. DEAD LOAD RESULTS ( WORKING STRESS )
--------------------------------------------------------------------
STA DIST X (FT) DEFLECTION (FT) MOMENT (K-FT) SHEAR (K)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-1 -.50 .000000 .0 .0
0 .00 .000000 .0 .0
1 .50 .000000 .0 .0
2 1.00 .000000 .0 -.2
3 1.50 .000000 -.2 -.8
4 2.00 .000000 -.8 -1.6
5 2.50 .000000 -1.8 -2.4
6 3.00 .000000 -3.2 -109.3
7 3.50 .000000 -111.1 -216.2
8 4.00 .000000 -219.3 -217.0
9 4.50 .000000 -328.0 -217.7
10 5.00 .000000 -437.1 -30.4
11 5.50 .000000 -358.4 156.9
12 6.00 -.000001 -280.2 156.1
13 6.50 -.000001 -202.3 155.3
14 7.00 -.000002 -124.9 154.5
15 7.50 -.000002 -47.8 153.7
16 8.00 -.000003 28.9 152.9
17 8.50 -.000003 105.1 152.1
18 9.00 -.000004 181.0 151.4
19 9.50 -.000004 256.5 150.6
20 10.00 -.000004 331.6 95.2
21 10.50 -.000005 351.7 39.9
22 11.00 -.000005 371.4 39.1
23 11.50 -.000005 << 390.8 >> -13.3
24 12.00 -.000005 358.2 -65.6
25 12.50 -.000005 325.2 -66.4
26 13.00 -.000005 291.8 -67.2
27 13.50 -.000005 258.0 -68.0
28 14.00 -.000004 223.8 -68.8
29 14.50 -.000004 189.3 -69.5
30 15.00 -.000004 154.3 -70.3
31 15.50 -.000003 118.9 -71.1
32 16.00 -.000003 83.1 -71.9
33 16.50 -.000002 47.0 -127.3
34 17.00 -.000002 -44.1 -182.6
35 17.50 -.000001 -135.6 -183.4
36 18.00 -.000001 -227.5 -184.2
37 18.50 -.000001 -319.8 -185.0
38 19.00 .000000 -412.5 -185.8
39 19.50 .000000 -505.6 -186.6
40 20.00 .000000 << -599.1 >> .0
41 20.50 .000000 -505.6 186.6
42 21.00 .000000 -412.5 185.8
43 21.50 -.000001 -319.8 185.0
44 22.00 -.000001 -227.5 184.2
page 16
CAP18 Output (Continued)
NOV 7, 2004 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (TxDOT) PAGE 42
CAP18 BENT CAP ANALYSIS Win32 Ver 5.1 Aug 2001
PROB 4 Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
(CONTINUED)
TABLE 6. ENVELOPES OF MAXIMUM VALUES ( WORKING STRESS )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STA DIST X MAX + MOM MAX - MOM MAX + SHEAR MAX - SHEAR
( FT ) ( FT-K ) ( FT-K ) ( K ) ( K )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-1 -.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
0 .00 .0 .0 .0 .0
1 .50 .0 .0 .0 .0
2 1.00 .0 .0 -.2 -.2
3 1.50 -.2 -.2 -.8 -.8
4 2.00 -.8 -.8 -1.6 -1.6
5 2.50 -1.8 -1.8 -2.4 -2.4
-->6 3.00 -3.2 -3.2 -109.3 -171.3
7 3.50 -111.0 -173.1 -216.2 -340.2
8 4.00 -219.3 -343.4 -217.0 -341.0
9 4.50 -328.0 -514.1 -217.7 -341.8
10 5.00 -437.1 -685.2 39.1 -65.9
11 5.50 -289.0 -580.0 295.9 143.2
12 6.00 -141.2 -475.3 295.1 142.4
13 6.50 6.1 -370.9 294.3 141.6
14 7.00 153.0 -266.9 293.5 140.8
15 7.50 299.6 -163.3 292.7 140.0
16 8.00 445.8 -62.5 291.9 139.3
17 8.50 591.5 33.0 291.1 138.5
18 9.00 736.9 126.3 290.3 137.7
19 9.50 881.8 194.9 289.5 136.9
-->20 10.00 << 1026.4 >> 263.2 171.3 81.5
21 10.50 1001.3 276.4 116.0 -50.5
22 11.00 980.4 289.3 115.2 -51.3
-->23 11.50 964.2 301.8 6.0 -103.7
24 12.00 896.1 262.4 -59.5 -156.0
25 12.50 827.5 222.6 -60.3 -156.8
26 13.00 758.6 182.3 -61.1 -157.6
27 13.50 689.3 141.7 -61.9 -158.4
28 14.00 619.6 100.7 -62.7 -159.1
29 14.50 549.5 59.2 -63.5 -159.9
30 15.00 479.0 17.4 -64.3 -160.7
31 15.50 408.1 -24.8 -65.1 -161.5
32 16.00 336.7 -67.4 -65.8 -162.3
-->33 16.50 265.7 -110.4 -127.3 -246.2
34 17.00 96.2 -209.5 -182.6 -349.8
35 17.50 -55.6 -309.0 -183.4 -350.6
36 18.00 -207.8 -409.3 -184.2 -351.4
37 18.50 -319.8 -511.7 -185.0 -352.2
38 19.00 -412.5 -667.2 -185.8 -352.9
39 19.50 -505.6 -826.3 -186.6 -353.7
-->40 20.00 -599.1 << -985.9 >> 50.3 -57.8
41 20.50 -505.6 -845.6 314.9 186.6
42 21.00 -412.5 -726.8 314.1 185.8
43 21.50 -319.8 -608.5 313.4 185.0
page 17
CAP18 Output (Continued)
NOV 7, 2004 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (TxDOT) PAGE 43
CAP18 BENT CAP ANALYSIS Win32 Ver 5.1 Aug 2001
PROB 4 Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
(CONTINUED)
TABLE 6. ENVELOPES OF MAXIMUM VALUES ( WORKING STRESS )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STA DIST X MAX + MOM MAX - MOM MAX + SHEAR MAX - SHEAR
( FT ) ( FT-K ) ( FT-K ) ( K ) ( K )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
44 22.00 -207.8 -490.6 312.6 184.2
45 22.50 -55.6 -373.1 311.8 183.4
46 23.00 96.2 -256.0 311.0 182.6
-->47 23.50 247.6 -161.4 202.5 127.3
48 24.00 290.7 -124.6 136.9 65.9
49 24.50 336.6 -88.2 136.1 65.1
50 25.00 382.4 -52.2 135.3 64.3
51 25.50 427.8 -16.6 134.5 63.5
52 26.00 472.8 18.7 133.7 62.7
53 26.50 519.6 53.5 132.9 61.9
54 27.00 583.6 87.9 132.1 61.1
55 27.50 649.5 122.0 131.3 60.3
56 28.00 714.9 155.6 130.5 59.5
-->57 28.50 780.0 188.9 43.4 -6.0
58 29.00 727.7 170.2 -8.9 -115.3
59 29.50 693.6 151.1 -9.7 -116.1
-->60 30.00 688.5 131.6 -74.6 -171.4
61 30.50 575.2 76.5 -110.6 -236.6
62 31.00 462.0 21.0 -111.4 -237.4
63 31.50 348.9 -34.8 -112.1 -238.1
64 32.00 236.2 -91.1 -112.9 -238.9
65 32.50 123.6 -177.8 -113.7 -239.7
66 33.00 10.7 -266.8 -114.5 -240.5
67 33.50 -102.7 -370.8 -115.3 -241.3
68 34.00 -216.5 -475.2 -116.1 -242.1
69 34.50 -329.3 -580.0 -116.9 -242.9
70 35.00 -437.0 -685.2 65.9 -3.5
71 35.50 -328.0 -514.1 341.8 217.7
72 36.00 -219.3 -343.4 341.0 216.9
73 36.50 -111.0 -173.1 340.2 216.1
-->74 37.00 -3.2 -3.2 171.3 109.3
75 37.50 -1.8 -1.8 2.4 2.4
76 38.00 -.8 -.8 1.6 1.6
77 38.50 -.2 -.2 .8 .8
78 39.00 .0 .0 .2 .2
79 39.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
80 40.00 .0 .0 .0 .0
81 40.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
page 18
CAP18 Output (Continued)
NOV 7, 2004 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (TxDOT) PAGE 46
CAP18 BENT CAP ANALYSIS Win32 Ver 5.1 Aug 2001
PROB 4 Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
(CONTINUED)
TABLE 6. ENVELOPES OF MAXIMUM VALUES ( LOAD FACTOR )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STA DIST X MAX + MOM MAX - MOM MAX + SHEAR MAX - SHEAR
( FT ) ( FT-K ) ( FT-K ) ( K ) ( K )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-1 -.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
0 .00 .0 .0 .0 .0
1 .50 .0 .0 .0 .0
2 1.00 .0 .0 -.2 -.3
3 1.50 -.2 -.3 -1.0 -1.0
4 2.00 -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 -2.0
5 2.50 -2.2 -2.3 -3.0 -3.0
-->6 3.00 -4.0 -4.0 -136.6 -245.2
7 3.50 -138.8 -247.4 -270.2 -487.3
8 4.00 -274.1 -491.3 -271.2 -488.3
9 4.50 -410.0 -735.7 -272.2 -489.3
10 5.00 -546.3 -980.6 83.6 -100.2
11 5.50 -326.5 -835.9 439.3 172.2
12 6.00 -107.1 -691.6 438.3 171.2
13 6.50 111.8 -547.9 437.3 170.2
14 7.00 330.3 -404.6 436.4 169.2
15 7.50 548.2 -261.8 435.4 168.2
16 8.00 765.6 -123.8 434.4 167.2
17 8.50 982.6 5.2 433.4 166.2
18 9.00 1199.0 130.5 432.4 165.2
19 9.50 1415.0 212.9 431.4 164.3
-->20 10.00 << 1630.4 >> 294.7 252.3 95.1
21 10.50 1576.5 307.9 183.1 -108.4
22 11.00 1530.0 320.6 182.1 -109.4
-->23 11.50 1492.0 332.8 17.1 -174.8
24 12.00 1389.0 280.1 -71.4 -240.3
25 12.50 1285.6 226.9 -72.4 -241.2
26 13.00 1181.6 173.2 -73.3 -242.2
27 13.50 1077.2 119.0 -74.3 -243.1
28 14.00 972.3 64.3 -75.3 -244.1
29 14.50 866.9 9.1 -76.3 -245.1
30 15.00 761.0 -46.6 -77.3 -246.1
31 15.50 654.6 -102.8 -78.3 -247.1
32 16.00 547.7 -159.5 -79.3 -248.1
-->33 16.50 441.5 -216.7 -159.1 -367.2
34 17.00 190.4 -344.5 -228.3 -520.8
35 17.50 -29.5 -472.9 -229.3 -521.8
36 18.00 -249.9 -602.5 -230.2 -522.8
37 18.50 -399.8 -735.6 -231.2 -523.8
38 19.00 -515.6 -961.3 -232.2 -524.8
39 19.50 -632.0 -1193.3 -233.2 -525.8
-->40 20.00 -748.9 << -1425.7 >> 88.1 -101.1
41 20.50 -632.0 -1226.9 457.9 233.2
42 21.00 -515.6 -1065.7 456.9 232.2
43 21.50 -399.8 -905.0 455.9 231.3
44 22.00 -249.8 -744.8 454.9 230.3
page 19
CAP18 Output (Continued)
NOV 7, 2004 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (TxDOT) PAGE 47
CAP18 BENT CAP ANALYSIS Win32 Ver 5.1 Aug 2001
PROB 4 Span 2 (1 lane loading)- Span 1 envelopes held
(CONTINUED)
TABLE 6. ENVELOPES OF MAXIMUM VALUES ( LOAD FACTOR )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STA DIST X MAX + MOM MAX - MOM MAX + SHEAR MAX - SHEAR
( FT ) ( FT-K ) ( FT-K ) ( K ) ( K )
------------------------------------------------------------------------
45 22.50 -29.5 -585.1 453.9 229.3
46 23.00 190.4 -425.9 452.9 228.3
-->47 23.50 409.8 -306.0 290.8 159.1
48 24.00 467.2 -259.7 203.6 79.3
49 24.50 529.5 -213.8 202.6 78.3
50 25.00 592.0 -168.5 201.6 77.3
51 25.50 653.9 -123.6 200.6 76.3
52 26.00 715.4 -79.3 199.6 75.3
53 26.50 780.3 -35.4 198.6 74.3
54 27.00 875.4 7.9 197.6 73.3
55 27.50 973.9 50.8 196.6 72.3
56 28.00 1072.0 93.2 195.6 71.3
-->57 28.50 1169.5 135.1 69.4 -17.1
58 29.00 1087.8 112.1 4.0 -182.2
59 29.50 1037.8 88.5 3.0 -183.2
-->60 30.00 1039.1 64.5 -82.9 -252.3
61 30.50 878.3 5.6 -118.2 -338.7
62 31.00 717.9 -53.7 -119.2 -339.7
63 31.50 558.1 -113.5 -120.2 -340.7
64 32.00 398.9 -173.9 -121.2 -341.7
65 32.50 240.2 -287.2 -122.2 -342.6
66 33.00 81.1 -404.5 -123.1 -343.6
67 33.50 -78.6 -547.8 -124.1 -344.6
68 34.00 -238.7 -691.6 -125.1 -345.6
69 34.50 -397.1 -835.8 -126.1 -346.6
70 35.00 -546.3 -980.6 100.1 -21.3
71 35.50 -409.9 -735.7 489.3 272.2
72 36.00 -274.1 -491.3 488.3 271.2
73 36.50 -138.8 -247.4 487.3 270.2
-->74 37.00 -3.9 -4.0 245.1 136.6
75 37.50 -2.2 -2.2 3.0 3.0
76 38.00 -1.0 -1.0 2.0 2.0
77 38.50 -.2 -.2 1.0 1.0
78 39.00 .0 .0 .2 .2
79 39.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
80 40.00 .0 .0 .0 .0
81 40.50 .0 .0 .0 .0
page 20