iu khin trc tip t thng stato v m men ca ng c khng ng b ba pha s dng k thut iu ch vec t khng gian

ThS. V Xun Hng Bm. Trang b in - in t, H GTVT KS. H mnh tin Bm. K thut in, H GTVT TS. Trn Vn Thnh Khoa in, H Bch khoa H ni Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu, kho st cc c tnh ca h DSFTC ng c khng ng b (C KB) trn c s m phng. Kt qu tnh ton v m phng c thc hin cho C KB 14 kW cp bi bin tn IGBT - SVM. Bi bo gm c cc ni dung chnh sau: Nguyn l DSFTC, xy dng cc m hnh tnh ton t thng stato, mmen in t, khi iu ch vec t khng gian. Abstract: This paper presents the results of the research and survey the static and dynamic performances of the DSFTC and IM system. The simulations and evaluations are performed by using actual parameters of a 14 kW induction motor fed by an IGBT SVM inverter. The article consists of main contents: DSFTC scheme, evaluation model stator flux, electromagnetic torque and space vector modulation (SVM). Index Terms: DSFTC - Direct Stator Flux and Torque Control; FOC - Field Oriented Control; DTC - Direct Torque Control; IM - Induction Motor; SVM - Space Vector Modulation; IGBT - Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor. 1. Gii thiu iu khin trc tip t thng stato v mmen (DSFTC) l mt chin lc tiu biu iu khin ng c khng ng b (C KB). Phng php ny cho php iu khin nhanh, chnh xc c t thng stato v mmen ca C KB m khng phi o tc , khng cn b iu chnh dng in, khng cn khi tnh chuyn h ta ; cu trc n gin v t chu s bin i thng s ca ng c hn so vi h iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto (FOC). Chnh v vy trong nhng nm gn y h DSFTC thu s quan tm ca ng o cc nh khoa hc. Tuy vy cho n nay vn cha c gii php trit nhm nng cao chnh xc v gim tn tht nng lng cho h DSFTC vng tc thp; v vn cn t cng trnh nh gi, so snh tng th v h DSFTC so vi h FOC, (theo [1] n [4]). Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu, kho st cc c tnh ca h DSFTC - C KB v a ra mt s so snh vi h iu khin vect FOC da trn kt qu tnh ton v m phng cho C KB 14 kW cp bi bin tn IGBT - SVM. 2. Khng gian vec t in p S nguyn l bin tn ba pha ngun p hnh 1. Trong mi kha Tk (k=1, 2,...6) c hai trng thi 1 v 0, nu ta gi Sk l bin trng thi ca kha Tk th khi Sk=1 kha ng, Sk=0 kha m. Khi im trung tnh ca ng c khng ni t th in p cc pha c tnh nh sau [3], [4]: 2 S S3 S5 uas = 1 Vdc (1) 3

 S1 + 2 S 3 S 5 Vdc (2) 3 S1 S 3 + 2 S 5 ucs = Vdc (3) 3 ta thy: uas+ubs+ucs = 0 (4) Vc t in p stato trong h ta stato c tnh nh sau: 2 4 j j 2 VS = Vdc ( S1 + S 3 e 3 + S 5 e 3 ) (5) 3 ubs =
Rh
AC C T1 D1 T3 D3 T5 D5

Th

T4

D4

T6

D6 T2

D2

CKB
DC/AC

AC/DC

Hnh 1: Bin tn ngun p ba pha dng transistor loi IGBT khng xy ra ngn mch ngun mt chiu th hai van ni vi mt pha phi khng ng thi m. Ti mi thi im khng k khi chuyn mch s c 3 van ba pha m nh vy s c 23=8 vect in p chun Vk(k=0,1,...7), trong hai vect V0(0,0,0) v V7(1,1,1) c mun bng 0; 6 vec t in
Vab_inv1 Vdc
+ v -

Biu thc tnh ton t thng stato ca C (6) KB [5]: = ( Vs R I )dt s s s Biu thc tnh mmen in t [3], [4]: 3 (7) M = p c Im{ S* .I S } 2 Lm 3 M = pc Im{ r* . S } hay: 2 L S L r Lm 3 M = pc (8) r . S . sin 2 L S L r l gc gia vec t t thng s v r . Biu thc quan h gia gia t thng stato v t thng rto [3], [4]: L m / LS r = S (9) 1 + .Tr s + j ( 1 ) .Tr Tr =Lr/Rr l hng s thi gian rto. h s in cm tn; s ton t Laplace. T phng trnh trn ta thy rng t thng rto tr so vi t thng stato vi hng s thi gian tr Tr. Nh vy, nu thi gian ly mu nh hn thi gian tr th vect t thng rto khng thay i trong khi vect t thng stato thay i, ta ni vec t t thng rto bin i chm hn vect t thng stato.

IGBT Inverter
+ pulses A B C

+ -

Vbc Scope1
A B C m

Discrete system Ts=2e-005

is_abc wm Te

1 Flux* Flux Controller

dp dm goc phi delM dm

pulse Sabc Sabc Vdc U_xy Ubc

m_SI

Tm

Bangdong cat

Induction Motor 14 kW / 380V 1/z

isanpha iabc isbeta

iabc, Wm, M

M*

T orque Controller

U_xy

MAT LAB Function Scope5 T orque Controller1 Flux Stato Estimate Scope2
Phi Pha phi U_xy I_xy

T inh dong dien butter Analog Filter Design

Is Te Phis

Re Im |.|

T orque Esti mate

1 z

Hnh 2: M hnh m phng h DSFTC p cn li s chia khng gian vect lm 6 vng - gi l 6 sector, hnh 3. thc hin mt vec t in p bt k ngi ta thc hin da trn 8 vect in p chun [3], [4].
3. Cc biu thc tnh ton t thng, mmen CKB trong h ta stato

4. Nguyn l iu khin trc tip t thng stato v mmen CKB (DSFTC) Cu trc h DSFTC nh hnh 2. gii thch nguyn l iu khin h DSFTC ta xut pht t cc phng trnh sau. Phng trnh tnh t thng stato khi b qua in tr stato [3], [4]:

d S S suy ra: S U S t (10) dt t (k +1) = k + (11) s s s Trong k l vec t t thng stato ti thi s im kt. US =

, chiu quay ca t thng stato) bng cch la chn vect in p thch hp. Khi t thng stato thay i th m men cng thay i theo phng trnh tnh mmen t (8) n (12). Nh vy ty theo sai lch mmen, sai lch t thng gia gi tr t v thc ca ng c ta c th la chn vic thc hin
S

v
sv s(k+1) s su

Vs

s
k

Hnh 3a: Khng gian vect in p dm

Hnh 3b: th vec t gii thch nguyn l DSFTC d

+1

+1
-H H
M=M-M*

-H H -1

s=-*

-1
Hnh 4a: B iu khin Mmen
Do t thng rto bin i chm (c th xem l khng i trong mt chu k ly mu) v t biu thc tnh mmen (8) ta c biu thc tnh thay i mmen nh sau: M + M = k. r . S + S . sin( + ) (12) Lm 3 pc (13) 2 L S L r thay i gc v tc quay s ca vect t thng stato c tnh nh sau: Vi k =

Hnh 4b: B iu khin t thng stato

vect in p ph hp iu khin mmen M v t thng s ca ng c bm theo cc gi tr t M* v s*. Gi s ta c vect t thng stato nm trong sector 1 nh hnh 3a, khi thc hin mt vect in p ta s c gi tr t thng mi thay i mt lng s v quay i mt gc , hnh 3b. Bng 1: Bng ng ct van.

= arctg
s = t

sv ;(14) + su
k s

(15)

(16) (17) T cc phng trnh trn ta thy rng c th iu khin trc tip t thng stato (bin

sv = U sv t su = U su t

Nu cc b iu khin mmen, t thng l cc khu phi tuyn c dng nh hnh 4 th ta c bng ng ct van nh bng 1, [3]. lm r hn ngha ca bng ng ct trn ta xt mt trng hp khi vec t t thng stato nm trong sector1 nh hnh 3. Nu d =-1 v dm=-1 tc l ta cn phi tng t thng v tng mmen ca ng c, lm c iu ny ta phi la chn vec t in p V2(1,1,0). Tng t nu d =1 v dm=-1 tc l ta cn phi gim t thng v tng mmen ca ng c, lm c iu ny ta phi la chn vec t in p V3(0,1,0).
5. Kt qu tnh ton v m phng trn Simulink Matlab

S (Wb)

Time (sec)

Hnh 7: T thng stato ca C KB

Trong nguyn l iu khin DFSTC thay v o trc tip cc i lng (mmen, t thng) ta thc hin vic tnh ton v quan st bng m hnh (phn mm) cc i lng ny. Hnh 5 l khi iu ch vect in p c thc hin trn c s bng ng ct 1. Kt qu m phng iu khin m men v t thng ca ng c khng ng b:

Hnh 8: Qu o vect t thng stato ca C KB (quay trn) ng dng h DSFTC trong vic iu khin tc C KB: n nh tc ng c khng ng b trong h DSFTC cn phi c thm mch vng phn hi tc , phng php tng hp b iu chnh tc khng khc g so vi h iu khin vect, xem [6]. Khi c mch vng phn hi tc gn vo h DSFTC ta c mt s kt qu m phng nh hnh 9, hnh 10.

Hnh 5: Khi iu ch vc t in p

Hnh 9: c tnh m men ng vi nhiu cp tc ca CKB Hnh 6: M men ca C KB

- Phng php iu ch vect khng gian SVM cho h DSFTC c tn s ng ct van thay i lin tc dn n tn hao ng ct ln. - Cht lng iu khin h DSFTC gim mnh vng tc thp, khi cn phi b sung thut ton quan st t thng stato, lm cho h tr nn phc tp, gim u th so vi h FOC. Da vo vo kt qu phn tch trn cho php la chn h DFSTC hay FOC ph hp vi tng ng dng c th.

Hnh 10a: in p pha, ph sng hi in p cp cho ng c ch xc lp

Ti liu tham kho

Hnh 10b: Dng in, tc , mmen ca ng c trng thi thi xc lp.

6. Nhn xt v kt lun

T kt qu kho st ta thy h DSFTC c c tnh ng hc tt: thi gian qu nh, chnh xc cao, c tnh m men, t thng, tc lun bm theo gi tr t. So snh h DSFTC vi h iu khin vect FOC m tc gi kho st [6] ta thy c mt s c im khc sau: - H DSFTC c cu trc n gin hn: khng cn mch vng dng in, khng cn chuyn h ta , - H DSFTC iu khin mmen, t thng nhanh hn h FOC m khng cn phi o tc ng c (sensorless).

[1]. Giuseppe Buja, Mariamierkowski; Direct Torque Control of PWM Inverter Fed AC Motors - A Survey; IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics; Volume 51, No 4, August 2004. [2]. N.R.N. Idris, A.H.M. Yatim; Direct Torque Control of Induction Machines with Constant Switching Frequency And Reduced Torque Ripple; IEEE Transactions on IE; Volume 51, No 4, August 2004. [3]. Domenico Casadei, others; FOC and DTC: Two Viable Schemes for Induction Motors Torque Control; IEEE Press; 2002. [4]. Hoang Le Huy; Comparison of FOC and DTC for Induction Motor Drives; IEEE press, 1999. [5]. V Xun Hng, Trn Vn Thnh; nh hng ca lut iu khin bin tn ti qu trnh qu ca ng c khng ng b, c xt ti nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t; Tp ch Khoa hc v cng ngh cc trng i hc, 6/2005. [6]. V Xun Hng, Trn Vn Thnh; Phng php tng hp v m phng h BT iu khin vect - Nhn dng hng s thi gian rto; Tp ch Khoa hc GTVT, 3/2005. [7]. V Xun Hng; Tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca ng c khng ng b khi c cp in t bin tn PWM, Tp ch Khoa GTVT, 11/2003. [8]. T. V. Thnh, V Xun Hng; ng dng bin tn iu khin ng c in xoay chiu - Gii php nng cao hiu sut s dng nng lng ca h Bin tn; Hi tho Khoa hc v ti u ha nng lng - Vin khoa hc v cng ngh Nhit - Lnh, Trng i hc Bch khoa H ni, 11/2003.