Tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca ng c khng ng b c cp in t bin tn ngun p PWM

Ks. V Xun Hng B mn K thut in - H GTVT . Tm tt : Trong bi ny chng ti trnh by cch tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca ng c khng ng b (C KB) khi tn s - in p cp bi bin tn thay i lin tc theo quy lut iu khin U/f. M hnh ca ng c, s bin i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha ca mch t, s thay i ca tn s v cc ng cong tn tht nng lng c m phng bng ngn ng Matlab. Kt qu bi bo lm r qu trnh in t, in c ca C KB trong qu trnh ng khi c cp bi bin tn PWM, gip cho vic la chn ch vn hnh h Bin tn - C KB ti u v l c s cho vic thit k ng c ph hp vi bin tn . Abstract : In this article, we introduce how to calculate energy loss of the induction motor in the transient when frequency and voltage are supplied by the inverter, which varies U/f control strategy. The motor model, the curves of energy loss, the variation of induction motor parameters by skin face effects, the magnetic saturation effects and the variation of frequency have been simulated in Matlab language. The result of the article will point out electromagnetics, electromechanics in the induction motor during transient operating when the motor is fed from PWM inverter, help the inverter - induction motor system operation is optimum. In addition, the article also becomes a foundation for the design of the induction motor corresponding with inverters . I. t vn nhit v s thay i ca tn s .v.v. Cc cng trnh trc y nghin cu kh y ch xc lp, cn qu trnh qu mi ch kho st trng hp in p l hnh sin chun, tn s khng i da trn vic gii h phng trnh vi phn h s hng hay h s bin i trong phm vi hp theo mt quan h t trc. Trn thc t hn ch dng in khi ng v gim s dao ng mnh ca tc th c tn s v in p c cp t bin tn u bin i trong qu trnh khi ng do tham s ca ng c thay i rt ln trong qu trnh khi ng. gii c bi ton ny chng ti s dng phng php s Runger - Kutta v da vo th mnh ca ngn ng Matlab kho st s nh hng ca in p khng sin, s thay i ca in p v tn s trong qu trnh ng c xt nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha ca mch t ti cc c tnh ng, ti tn tht nng lng ca ng c trong qu trnh ng .

Hin nay h truyn ng bin tn ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc c s dng rt ph bin do C KB c cu to n gin, lm vic tin cy, t phi bo dng. Mt khc do s pht trin mnh m ca k thut vi x l v vi iu khin cho php iu khin thi gian thc vi cht lng iu khin rt cao v di iu chnh rng. iu dn ti xu hng thay th trit h truyn ng in kinh in s dng ng c in mt chiu bng h truyn ng in bin tn - ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc. Do vy vic nghin cu qu trnh qu , tn tht nng lng (c xt tn hao st) ca ng c khng ng b c cp in bi bin tn ngun p l bi ton c tnh thi s v c ngha thc tin cao song y l bi ton cc k phc tp bi s thay i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha mch t, s nh hng ca

II. Ni dung 1. S khi ca h Bin tn - CKB

Hnh 1 : S khi ca h Bin tn - C KB hin i.

2. K thut iu ch rng xung PWM ( Pulse Width Modulation ) K thut iu ch rng xung PWM l phng thc iu khin bin tn tiu biu

to ra in p xoay chiu gn sin, y l k thut iu ch c s dng ph bin nht hin nay. to ra tn hiu iu khin van ngi ta dng mt sng iu bin c dng hnh sin hoc sng iu ha bi ba, em so snh vi mt sng mang c dng xung tam gic c tn s ln hn nhiu so vi sng iu bin, ti thi im giao nhau ca hai sng ny xc nh thi im pht xung m van bn dn. Bng cch thay i bin v tn s ca sng iu bin ta c th thay i c bin v tn s in p cp cho ng c .

3. iu khin h Bin tn - C KB theo lut U/f = const Khi ta gim tn s nh hn tn s nh mc th in khng ca ng c gim lm cho dng in tng ln, dng in khng vt qu gii hn cho php ta phi gim in p t vo ng c, quan h gia in p v tn s thng c xc nh theo quy lut U/f =const. Nu h Bin tn C KB c iu khin theo lut U/f =const th kh nng qu ti v t thng stato ca ng c s khng i trong ton b vng lm vic ca ng c. Trn thc t, ti thi im ban u khi khi ng ng c th ta cn phi c mt in p ti thiu Uboost t ha mch t v to ra mmen khi ng, do c tnh quan h U/f s nh sau :

Hnh 2: Nguyn l to xung iu khin PWM

Hnh 3: M phng in p v ph bin sng hi ca bin tn theo k thut PWM.

flv nu t < tqd t f = t qd flv nu t tqd flv : Tn s lm vic .

(1)

 Ub Uboost f + Uboost nu U= fb U b nu

f < fb f fb

(2)

L11 = LS = L22 = Lr = L12 = Lm =

0
0 0
x0 xr

xS

(11) (12) (13)

Ub: in p nh mc. fb : Tn s nh mc.

4. M hnh ton hc ca C KB

M hnh ton hc m t C KB trong h ta stato (,) : d s = uS RS iS (3) dt d s (4) = uS RS iS dt d r (5) = ur Rr ir r dt d r = ur Rr ir + r (6) dt d pc = ( Mdt Mc ) (7) J dt 3 L Mdt = pC m {r iS r iS } (8) 2 Lr Trong h phng trnh trn: us, is, s l thnh phn in p, dng in, t thng ca stato trn trc ta . ur, ir, r l thnh phn in p, dng in, t thng ca rto trn trc ta . RS, Rr l in tr ca dy qun stato v in tr dy qun rto quy i v stato. LS, Lr, Lm ln lt l in cm stato, rto v h cm gia stato v rto . 5. Xc nh tham s ca C KB do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha mch t v s thay i ca tn s 5.1 Quan h gia in cm v h cm vi tham s ca my in

5.2 nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, hin tng bo ha mch t v s thay i ca tn s ti tham s ng x1(t), x2(t), r2(t) ca C KB nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi lm tng in tr dy qun v lm gim in khng. Hin tng bo ha mch t lm gim in khng ca C KB. V vy trong tnh ton m b qua cc hin tng ny s dn ti sai s ln v khng phn nh c mt cch trung thc din bin ca qu trnh ng. Cng thc tnh ton tham s ca C KB c rnh hnh ch nht c chng ti tnh nh sau: in khng ng ca stato c tnh theo cng thc sau y : f (14) x1(t) = (x1m - kx1Is(t) + mx1). fN Trong : Is: Bin dng in stato kx1, mx1 l cc h s hiu chnh . in khng ng ca rto quy i v stato c tnh nh sau: f x2(t) = (x2m - x2s(t) - kx2Is + mx2) fN x2s(t) = s(t).(x2m - x21) (15) in tr ng rto quy i v stato c tnh theo cng thc (16) sau: f Rr(t) = r2(t) = r20 + s(t).( r21 - r20 ) (16) fN

Quan h gia in cm, h cm vi cc tham s cho ca my in c xc nh bi cc cng thc sau :

6. Xy dng cng thc tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca C KB Xut pht t h phng trnh vi phn m t C KB trong h ta stato, chng ti xy dng c s thay th cho qu

xs = x0 + x1 xr = x0 + x2

(9)
(10)

trnh ng ca C KB b sung tn hao st hnh 4.

Hnh 4: S thay th qu trnh ng b sung tn hao st.

Trong s : im =

Lm

= iS +

Lr ir Lm

(17)

L2 = 1 m (18) LS Lr in tr st c tnh quy i theo tn s nh sau : f 1.3 Rfe = RfeN S1.3 (19) f SN in tr st tng ng ch nh mc c tnh nh sau : 3 ( L m I ) 2 0 (20) R feN = 2 PfeN I : Bin dng in t ha trng thi xc lp khi tn s lm vic gi tr nh mc. PfeN : Tn hao st trong ch xc lp khi tn s lm vic gi tr nh mc . T s thay th chng ti xy dng c cng thc tng qut tnh ton tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng ca C KB nh sau : a ) Cng sut ngun cp cho ng c : 3 * P1 = Re(us. i S ) (21) 2 Re() : Ly phn thc ca s phc .
b ) Tn hao ng ca dy qun stato trong qu trnh ng : 3 3 * 2 Pscu = Re(Rsis i S ) = Rs i S (22) 2 2

c ) Tn hao st trong qu trnh ng : u* 3 ui2 3 (23) Pfe= Re(ui. i ) = R fe 2 2 R fe d ) Cng sut in t trong qu trnh ng : 3 (24) Pt = Re(ui. ii* ) 2 e ) Cng sut pht sinh trong qu trnh qu : 3 di Pqd 1 = Re LS i ii* 2 dt (25) 3 dim * Pqd 2 = Re (1 ) LS im 2 dt f ) Cng sut in t a sang pha rto : 3 L di Pr = Re (1 ) LS r m ir* (26) 2 Lm dt g ) Tn hao ng ca dy cun rto : 3 Prcu = Rr ir2 (27) 2 h ) Cng sut c : 3 L Pc= Re j (1 ) LS r imir* (28) 2 Lm Biu thc cn bng cng sut : (29) P1 = Pscu + Pfe +Pt (30) Pt = Pqd +Pr (31) Pr = Prcu + Pc (32) P1 = Pscu + Pfe +Pq + Prcu + Pc
7. Kt qu tnh ton v m phng cho C KB 14 Kw dy 3K160M4 khi c cp bi bin tn ngun p PWM Trng hp in p hnh sin chun, mmen ti Mc = Mm v c tnh th nng, Uboost =9%Ub, tqd = 0.9 (s) :

Hnh 5; S thay i tham s ca ng c trong qu trnh khi ng.

III. Kt lun

1.

2. Hnh 6:ng cong tn tht nng lng 3.

Hnh 7: c tnh mmen, tc in p khng sin, m men ti nh mc, Uboost =9%Ub, tqd = 0.9 (s) :

4.

5.

Trong qu trnh khi ng tham s ca ng c bin i mnh, nng cao c tnh ng cn phi xt ti yu t trn khi thit k v vn hnh h Bin tn - C KB . Gi tr tqd trn c tnh f(t) nh hng ln ti qu trnh khi ng. Nu t tq ln th s ko di qu trnh khi ng, nu tq qu b th kh nng hn ch dng khi ng s b gim . Gi tr Uboost nh hng ln ti mmen khi ng v tn tht nng lng. Nu Uboost qu b th s khng to ra m men khi ng, ng c s khng quay c, nu Uboost qu ln th m men s dao ng mnh d gy mt n nh cho h thng Bin tn - C KB . Do vy khi vn hnh cn phi ci t gi tr tqd v Uboost thch hp . Chng trnh m chng ti xy dng cho php xc nh gi tr tqd, Uboost C KB c c tnh mmen, cng sut, tn hao nng lng trong qu trnh khi ng gn vi ng ti u . Khi kho st vi in p khng sin chng ti thy rng do nh hng ca sng hi bc cao lm tng tn tht nng lng, tng dao ng mmen, khi ng c vn hnh s gy n. Do vy cn phi xt ti nh hng ca in p khng sin trong qu trnh thit k ng c lm vic vi bin tn .

Hnh 8: S thay i tham s ca C khi in p khng sin .

Ti liu tham kho

Hnh 9 : Tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh ng

[1]. Ti liu k thut v bin tn Micromaster 420, Siemens, 4/2002. [2]. Ti liu v bin tn PWM dng Transistor IGBT, ca Lab - Volt, 2002. [3]. R.Valentine, Motor Control Electronics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1998. [4]. J. Vithayathil, Power Electronics Principles &Applications, McGrawHill, Inc, 1996. [5]. Ng.Ph.Quang, A.Dttrich, Truyn ng in thng minh, NXB KHKT, 2002. [6]. Trn khnh H, Nguyn Hng Thanh, Thit k my in, NXB KHKT, 2001.