PPU 962 Chemistry

STRUCTURE QUESTIONS 1.

PPU 962 Chemistry: SEM 1, Chapter 1 = Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry

The following table shows the relative atomic mass of a few types of carbon. Substance Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Graphite Diamond iv. v. Relative atomic mass 12.000 13.0003 12.011 12.011 (a) i. Explain why carbon-12 replaced oxygen as a standard in the determination of relative atomic mass. Why does the relative atomic mass of diamond differ from that of carbon-12? Calculate the percentage of 12C in graphite.

ii. iii.

How do the structures of diamond and graphite explain their electrical conductivities respectively? The reaction C(diamond) C(graphite) ; H = -3 kJ / mol is exothermic. Explain why this reaction does not occur spontaneously. [8]

(b) Carbon-14 can be formed by the reaction between cosmic rays and nitrogen in the atmosphere. i. What are cosmic particles? ii. Write a balanced equation for the above reaction. 2.

[2]

Beams of particles travelling at the same speed from different sources are subjected to an electric field as shown in the diagram below. A beam of neutrons has already been drawn Sketch and label on the diagram above how beams of each of the following particles are affected by the electric field: (i) protons (ii) electrons (iii) 2H+ Explain briefly the position and shape of each beam. (i) protons (ii) electrons (iii) 2H+

(a)

[3] [3]

(b)

3. (a) (b)

Describe the relative charges and masses of the three types of particles containing within the atom. How do beams of these particles behave in an electric field? [6] Because of differing proportions of isotopes, the relative mass of lead depends on its source. Two samples of lead were subjected to analysis. The mass spectrum of the first sample was taken and the following results were obtained m/e value relative abundance 204 27 206 48.0 207 41.5 208 100.0

When 1.00 g of the second sample was converted into lead (II) chloride, the mass of the product was 1.341g. Calculate the average relative atomic mass of each sample of lead, and decide whether or not the two samples have identical isotopic compositions. [Take the relative atomic mass of chlorine to be 35.45] [4] 4. The mass spectrum of naturally occurring magnesium is given below (a) 8 (b) (c) Name the ions that are responsible for the peaks at positions 24, 25, dan 26 respectively. Calculate the relative abundance of each isotope. Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium. [6]

24

25

26

m/e

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PPU 962 Chemistry

PPU 962 Chemistry: SEM 1, Chapter 1 = Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry

5. Compound, X, containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, has the empirical formula C3H6O. The mass spectrum of X is given below. (a) (b) What is the molecular formula of X? Explain your answer. [2] Identify the ionic species responsible for peaks at relative masses 15 and 43. What is the structural formula of X? [3] For each of the other lines, identify the ions that are responsible for their occurrence. [5]

(c)

14 15

26 27

42 43

58

m/e

6.

The diagram below shows one type of mass spectrometer (a) Identify the functions or processes that occur in each part labelled A to F. A mixture of 2H2 and 81Br2 was analysed by using the spectrometer. The pattern of lines caused by ions with single charges was obtained as follows [6]

(b)

State the ions that caused each of the following lines. 2, 4, 81, 83, and 162 [3] What is the nucleon number registered on the scale of that instrument if the heaviest ion obtained a second charge? [1]

(c)

7.

The diagram below shows ionic distances in a mass spectrometer using bromine gas. (Bromine has a relative atomic mass of 79.91 and it contains two isotopes with nucleon numbers of 79 and 81) Each of the groups of lines A, B, and C was produced by one of these ions : Br+ (g), Br2+ (g), and Br2+(g). State which ion produces the lines in Group A Group B Group C

Identify each line in Groups B and C, and label the line in each group that has the highest intensity.

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This document is not under copyrights of LRT Documents. The questions above is printed question.