UMTS

UMTS
Mobile Telematics 2004 Anne Nevin

REFERENCES: Ganz et. al. (Release 5) Multimedia Wireless Networks H.Holma and A. Tosdala WCDMA for UMTS 2001

Outline
Introduction
Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Data Link Layer Protocols
RLC, PDCP and BMC

UMTS BW support
144 kpbs, vehicular use 384 kbps, mobile use 2 Mbps, static users. UMTS Rel-5 HSDPA (High-Speed Download Packet Access) technology: 10 Mbps

Radio Resource Control (RRC) QoS Support (if time)

UMTS/WCDMA
Part of the IMT-2000 effort led by ITU
Strives to create a compatible standard to be used world-wide. Third Generation Partnership Project 3GPP

UE
and

Many specifications:
Release99 (Integrate GSM and GPRS) Rel-04 Rel-05 Rel-06

UTRAN
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GPRS and UMTS

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

RNC 3G Core Network (CN)

GERAN GPRS UE Base Station System (BSS)

Iu

Iur Uu
Iub

3G Core Network UTRAN UMTS UE

Radio Network Subsystem

UE

Uu

Node B
Iub

RNC

Iu

Iu UE

Node B
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

(RNS)

UTRAN

UMTS Architechture
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UMTS Protocol Stack

Control Plane

User Plane

Outline:
Introduction Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Data Link Layer Protocols (RLC, PDCP and BMC) Control Radio Resource Control (RRC) QoS Support

Control RRC

User

NAS

MM, CC, SM

Control

L3 Control

RRC
Control

PDCP

BMC

PDCP PDCP

BMC RLC RLC RLC RLC

RLC MAC PHY

L2

Control Control

RLC RLC

MAC PHY
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L1

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Physical Layer
Responsible for:
Various handover functions Error detection and report to higher layers Multiplexing of transport channels Mapping of transport channels to physical channels Power control Synchronization in TDD mode Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media.

UMTS Modes of Operation

FDD mode UTRAN: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Geared towards wide area coverage Rates up to 384 kbps and high user mobility 5MHz channel BW, one for uplink and one for downlink Allows symetric data transmissions on the uplink and downlink TDD mode UTRAN:Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA) Geared towards smaller geographical areas Rates up to 2 Mbps and low user mobility. 5MHz channel BW used for both uplink and downlink Flexibile in assigning asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission. Supports assymetric transmission. Requires time synchronization and cannot be deployed in wide coverage areas.
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WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are endcoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence Narrowband option for TDD.

Scrambling code and channelization code

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Scrambling Code
Used to separate between transmissions from different nodes. Uplink: separate between different UEs (several million codes) Downlink: separate between different Cells (512 codes)

Channelization Code
Used to separate the sources of different physical channels on a mobile station The user data is spread by multiplying the data with quasi random bits called chips. Supports highly variable user data. Smaller the spread factor code, the larger the bandwidth The code assignment is managed by RNC on the downlink and the UE on the uplink. The assigned BW to a connection is controlled by the spread factor which can be fixed or dynamically adjusted. Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF). See fig 11.10.
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Power Control
Especially on the uplink. Avoid interference or block from other stations. Open-loop (inaccurate based on estimation) Fast closed-loop (based on measurements)
RNC Node B

Transport and Physical Channels

Control RRC PDCP Control RLC MAC Transport Channels PHY Physical Channels BMC User

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Transport and Physical Channels

Transport Block Size Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block

TFCS
Number of Transport Format Combinations Transport Format:
Dynamic and semi-static part

Transport Block Set

Transport Channel
Transport Block

Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block

Physical

Transport Block

Assigned by the RRC (Utran) MAC uses the dynamic part PHY uses the semi-static part See table on page 242

TTI

TTI

TTI
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Mapping Process in PHY

Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block

Transport Channels
How the data are transferred over the radio interface
Transport Channels
Dedicated Transport Channels Common Transport Channels

TFI Transport Block Transport Ch1

TFI Transport Block Transport Ch2

TFCI

Coding, Multiplexing and Physical Channel Splitting

Physical Control Channel

Physical Data Channel

DCH (Up/Down)

BCH (Down)

PCH (Down)

FACH (Down)

DSCH (Down)

HS_DSCH (Down)

Channelization and scrambling coding

RACH (Up)

CPCH (Up, FDD)

USCH (Up, TDD)

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Physical Channels
Defined by A specific frequency Channelization code Time duration The structure is defined in radio frames (10ms at 3.84 Mcps) time slots(15 slots per radio frame) See Fig. 11.16 A physical channel can be transmitted on one or multiple time slots Multiple physical channels can coexist in the same time slot

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Dedicated Data Transmission

Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block Transport Block

Random Access Uplink Data Transmission

RACH and CPCH (FDD only) Each mobile station has only one RACH and one CPCH CPCH supports fast close-loop power control (TPC part) See figure 11.20 on page 249 and figure 11.21 on page 250

TFI Transport Block DCH1

TFI Transport Block DCH2

TFCI

Coding, Multiplexing and Physical Channel Splitting

DPCCH

DPDCH3 DPDCH2 DPDCH1

Slot0

Slot1

Slot2

.....

Slot14
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Random Access UL Data Transmission Procedure(RACH)

Based on slotted-Aloha with fast acquisition indication Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) is a physical channel used for acquisition indication. (Defined at Node B)

Random Access UL Data Transmission Procedure (RACH)

UE retrieves the availabel RACH subchannel, scrambling codes and signatures from BCH. UE selects a RACH subchannel randomly + signature The RACH preamble is sent on a randomly selected slot If the UE does not receive the AICH preamble from the base station after the RACH preamble time out, the UE tries again at a higher transmission power. The RACH procedure stops after a maximum number of retransmission. If the UE receives the AICH preamble with NACK (selected signature is already in use), the rach procedure stops If the UE receives the AICH preamble with ACK, the RACH message is transmitted with a duration of 10 or 20 ms. The backoff mechanism is controlled by the upper layer.

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MAC Functions
Outline:
Introduction Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Data Link Layer Protocols (RLC, PDCP and BMC) Control Radio Resource Control (RRC) QoS Support
Control RRC PDCP BMC User

RLC MAC PHY

Provides mapping of logical and transport channels. Responsible for selecting the appropriate transport format (using the TFCS) for each transport channel depending on the instantaneous source rate of logical channels. Prioritizes the data flows and mobile stations Multiplexes and demultiplexes upper layer packets Measures traffic volume on the logical channels. Switches between common and dedicated channels Encryption ++
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Logical Channels
Relate to the content and what kind of data are transmitted through the radio interface

MAC Architecture
4 modules (rel 5):
MAC-c/ch
Common channels
RLC

Control Channels
Contain control information

Logical Channels
MAC Transport Channels PHY

Traffic Channels
User data

MAC-d
Dedicated channels

MAC-b
Broadcast channels

See fig. 11.26 page 256 See example of channel mapping fig. 11.27

MAC-hs (Supports HSDPA)

High speed downlink shared channel

See fig. 11.28 and 11.29

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MAC Data Transmission UL PCCH BCCH CTCH CCCH

DTCH
Transport Channel type switching

Outline:
Introduction Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Data Link Layer Protocols (RLC, PDCP and BMC) Radio Resource Control (RRC) QoS Support

Control RRC

User

Deciphering MAC-c/sh_ Add/read UE ID TCTF MUX

Scheduling/ Priority TF Selection C/T MUX C/T MUX

PDCP Control RLC MAC

BMC

MAC-d

TF selection
ASC ASC selection selection

TF selection

Ciphering DCH DCH

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PHY

PCH USCH

RACH

CPCH

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Radio Link Control (RLC)

Transparant Mode Non-transparant Mode
Segment, reassemble, concatenate, and pad packets Error correction, duplicate detection,in-sequence delivery, flow control, ciphering.
Unacknowledge mode( no guarantee) Acknowledge mode (guarantee)

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

Executes header compression and decompression of IP data streams (redundant protocol control info.) Transfers user data to the appropriate RLC entity Maintaince PDCP sequence numbers in some cases.

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Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)

Supports broadcast/multicast transmission services (Cell Broadcast messages) in the user plane for common data transfer in unacknowledge mode Storage of cell broadcast messages Traffic volume monitoring and radio resource request (appropriate CTCH/FACH ) Scheduling of BMC messages Transmission of BMC messages to the UE UE: Delivery of Cell Broadcast messages to upper layers.
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Outline:
Introduction Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Control Data Link Layer Protocols (RLC, PDCP and BMC) Radio Resource Control (RRC) QoS Support

Control RRC

User

PDCP

BMC

RLC MAC PHY

RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL (RRC). The Brain

Establishes, re-establishes, maintains and releases RRC connections between the UE and UTRAN Signals the allocation of radio resources to the UE Evaluates, decides and executes RRC connection mobility functions (handover, cell reselection, cell/paging area update) QoS control Controls measurements Selects and reselects a cell Broadcasts information from the network to all UEs Power control, encryption, integrity protection
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UE, Idle to Connected mode

1. Cell search procedure by scanning BCH 2. Camp on a cell 3. IDLE mode 4. Listens to BCH In order to communicate with UTRAN 5. RRC Connection -> CONNECTED mode

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Connected Mode URA_PCH CELL_PCH

RRC Connection Establishement Procedure

UE RRC UTRAN RRC

CELL_DCH

CELL_FACH

IDLE CCCH/RACH: RRC Connection Request CCCH/FACH: RRC Connection Setup

(Camping on a UTRAN cell) Idle Mode

CONNECTED DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete

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Radio Bearer Establishement Procedure

UE RRC CONNECTED UTRAN RRC

Outline
Introduction
Physical Layer (PHY/L1) Media Access Control (MAC) Data Link Layer Protocols
RLC, PDCP and BMC

DCCH: Radio Bearer Setup DCCH: Radio Bearer Setup Complete

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

QoS Support
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UMTS QoS Support

Provide a finite set of QoS definitions and attributes Map between application requirement and UMTS services Work with current QoS schemes and provide different QoS levels Support session based QoS and allow multiple QoS streams per address Manage QoS to yield efficient resource utilization Modify QoS attributes when the session is ongoing and active.
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UMTS QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish, modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS. Diveded into:
Control plane
Managing, translating, admitting and controlling users requests and network resources.

User plane
QoS signalling and monitoring of user data traffic

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QoS Classes
Conversational (real time)
VoIP Telephony Video conferencing

QoS in the Radio Bearer Service

MAC, PHY and RRC Upper layer performs QoS negotiation with the UMTS core network Service attributes are mapped into RAB service attributes RRC in UE and UTRAN performs RAB setup and reconfiguration procedures UTRAN consults with UTRANs admission control module RRC allocates BW through channelization code in PHY and Transport format combination in the MAC. MAC also contains priority handling mechanism See figure on 11.39

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Streaming (real time)

Video and audio streams

Interactive
Web browsing Data retrievel Server access

Background
Download of emails and files
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