CPT100 V2

CPT100 MOTOWi4 Introduction
Version 2
Motorola: For General Business Use,

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.
Table of content
Module 1: Overview of Networking and Internet Protocols (IP) Module 2:Overview of Radio Frequency (RF) Fundamentals Module 3:Overview of MOTOWi4 product portfolio
Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Module 1
Overview of Networking and Internet Protocols (IP)

ISO Layered Architectures

Short Definition
Layered Architectures are models or constructs that assists in describing Functions in software or hardware Interfaces that pass information from one function to another The model isnt concrete it is used more to describe Several Layered Architecture models used (e.g.: OSI, IETF, proprietary)

Layered Architectures
Representing the Layers
Upper Layers
Upper Layers Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

5
Upper Layers
Transport Layer Network Layer MAC Layer LAN Physical Layer Network Layer MAC Layer Data Link Layer
Transport Layer Network Layer Data MAC Link Layer Layer WAN LAN PHY PHY Layer Layer Network Layer MAC Layer LAN Physical Layer
LAN WAN PHY PHY Layer Layer

Layered Architecture
Layer Summary
Higher Layers pass information down through intermediate layers to lowest layer Each transmit-side layer adds bits to the data received to perform its function (usually prepended) Each receiving-side layer processes the bits from the transmitting peer layer The lowest layer is where physical (bit-level) communication occurs All other layers have virtual communications between peer processes

Equipment with Layered Architecture

Layers Equipment
Layer 3
Router, L3 switch
Layer 2
Bridge, L2 switch
Layer 1
Repeater, hub , cables, wireless access

Addressing
Each Layer Has Its Own Type
A Layer 3 Address is logical that is, the address is not a physical port/thing/location
Network Layer
MAC Layer
A Layer 2 (LAN) Address is a 48-bit burned-in address that identifies a specific device
LAN Physical Layer
A Layer 1 (LAN) Address is a physical port on a device (e.g.: repeater, hub, etc.)
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IP Address Introduction
Classic, Classful Addresses
SA/DA: SA/DA: SA/DA: 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits
---------------------------------------------------------------------
8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits
Each address is broken into:

Network Part (Less Specific) allocated by an ISP or Registry Host Part (More Specific) given out by Administrator or Server
Classic, Classful Addresses
Class A Class B Class C 0-127 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits
---------------------------------------------------------------------
8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits
128-191 8-Bits 192-223 8-Bits
Network is identified in the first octet

A block has 16+ mm hosts B block has 65,536 hosts C block has 256 hosts
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Public versus Private Addresses
Public IP Addresses are reachable from anywhere in the world for: Web Pages Mail Servers File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Servers Private Addresses are created for use within a customers own network they are not used to cross the Internet (i.e.: for Private Network needs)

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Private IP Addresses
Each Class has its own
Class A: Class B: Class C:
10 172 192
Any 16-31 168
Any Any Any
Any Any Any
Starting With Class A Class B Class C 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0

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through 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255

Addressing
Layer 2 Addresses
Layer 2 addresses are Burned into hardware on LAN devices Assigned by software on WAN services The Layer 2 LAN address is the MAC (Medium Access Control) address The MAC address is broken into 48-bit address (or 12 HEX characters) Two parts: Vendor identifier (first half) and the devices S/N (second half)

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Layer 2 Addressing Example

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DHCP
Expanded Definition
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server is a server-host which assigns (leases) available IP addresses on an as-needed basis Might also work with other functions (e.g.: Network Address Translation): To dynamically assign non-routable (private) IP addresses on demand To associate these non-routable addresses to a routable addresses

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Assigning a Dynamic Address

A DHCP Server
A DHCP Server:
1) Receives requests from a host/device 2) Identifies and leases an address from the available resources 3) Keeps track of expired leases to recoup resources 4) May be stand-alone or integrated

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Network Support Elements

Firewall
Firewalls might filter:

Viruses Probes Intrusions Blocked Addresses Spam
CANOPY CMM

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Network Address Translation (NAT)
A network may be assigned a small number of IP addresses for all users A NAT shares a group of public IP addresses among its user population A NAT will link a public IP addresses with a local devices private IP address This link (or association) is created, kept, and released by the NAT

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Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a method of managing LANs via information exchanges Devices being managed have 3 messages used to give/receive information: Get (Get information from a device) Set (Set a value/threshold to monitor) Trap (Notify if x event happens)

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IP Addressing
Domain Name Service
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Problem: Humans dont speak 32-bit addresses and DDNs are hard to recall Solution: Domain Name Registration Each Top Level Domain (TLD) is operated by an entity which coordinates domain names Requests can be made by end users or competitive Accredited Registrars
Domain Name: e.g. my.yahoo.com Moves from more- to less-specific Address depends on what is available within your Top Level Domain (TLD)
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Module 2 Overview of RF Technologies

Digital Modulation of Symbols

Change One Property
Amplitude (i.e. signal strength levels) Frequency (i.e. frequency levels) Phase (i.e. phase positions) Called shift key (2ASK, 2FSK, 2PSK)
1 symbol with 1 bit
1
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Digital Modulation Pulses

One Symbol Two bits of information
Amplitude (4 amplitude levels 4ASK) Frequency (4 frequency levels 4FSK) Phase (4 phase positions 4PSK) Twice the information rate with same range of frequencies Example of 4FSK
00
01
1 symbol with 2 bits
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10
11
RF Power
100 10 50 40 33
Watts
2 1 0.1 0.001
dBm
30 10 log(Po/1X10-3 ) 20 0

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Decibels
Examples
Gain 3dB = Double power 10dB = 10 Times 13dB = 20 Times 20dB = 100 Times 33dB = 2000 Times Loss 3dB = Half power 10dB = One 10th 13dB = One 20th 20dB = One 100th 33dB = One 2000th

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Frequency Attenuation
Low frequencies travel farther with less attenuation (weakening)
High frequencies travel shorter distances with greater attenuation (weakening)

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Is Rain Fade an Issue?
Little / no impact at 5GHz and 2.4GHz

During cloudburst conditions additional loss is only 1 dB per mile at 5.8 GHz No impact on 2.4GHz More relevant for frequencies above 11GHz Up to 8 dB per mile additional loss at 11GHz
11GHz Cloudburst =7dB/mile 6GHz Cloudburst
Where can rain impact signal?

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Generic Wireless System Components

A series of gains and losses in Wireless system
Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss) Radio (Output Power)
Path (Loss)
Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss) Radio (Threshold)

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Path loss
Path loss occurs due to: distance, fading, obstacles. The longer the link, or bigger the obstacle the higher the path loss will be and the greater will be the effect of fading.
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Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone
Radio waves do not travel in straight lines

The Fresnel Zone is the additional path clearance required in order to achieve clear line of sight Size of Fresnel Zone is determined by operating frequency and path distance Obstacles in Fresnel Zone need to be taken into account
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LoS, nLoS, and NLoS Definitions

Line-of-sight
Near-line-of-sight
Non-line-of-sight

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Duplexing Options
Full and Half Duplex
Full duplex is communication in both directions at the same time Half duplex is communication in one direction at a time
FDD and TDD

Frequency Division Duplex is where communications in each direction use different frequencies Time Division Duplex is where communication in one direction is at a different time than in the other direction, transmitting and receiving at the same frequency

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Types of Noise
Overview
Interference
Reflections of Signal Causing Multiple Paths at Receiver (Multipath) Signals from other sources in the same frequency band Weather
Noise
Lightning Electric Motors & Generators Vehicles

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Signal to Noise Ratio

SNR
Ratio of the power of the desired signal to all the electrical interference and noise present at the receiver Electrical interference has greater impact on receiver performance Carrier to Interference Ratio is used in its place The signal is the carrier frequency Interference is co-channel interference
C/I Ratio-Carrier to Interference Ratio

Receive Power level of the desired signal must be at a certain level relative to the interference (usually expressed in dB) Systems have a minimum C/I dependent on modulation scheme, power level and other factors.

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OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Channel #1 Channel #2 Channel #3 Channel #4 Channel #5
One Larger Channel
Transmission is split into multiple (carefully selected) narrowband sub-carriers Each sub-carrier has part of the information All sub-carriers transmitted simultaneously
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OFDM
Saving Bandwidth and Increasing Throughput
While the bands overlap they do not interfere with each other A single transmitter can transmit on dozens-to-thousands of frequencies

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Types of Antennas
Isotropic Point (Omnidirectional sphere) Dipole (Omnidirectional doughnut) Yagi Parabolic dish Flat Panel Patch

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Radio Basics: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)

EIRP = Transmit (Tx) power of the Radio + Gain of the Antenna (measured in dBi) -Transmission loss (usually the loss of the cable)
Example EIRP Calculation Tx Power Antenna Gain Cable Loss EIRP + 25dBm 28dBi 1dB 52dBm

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System Gain Definitions

System Gain is the difference between the EIRP and lowest receivable signal level Total (Link) System Gain = transmitter output power - Transmission loss + transmitter antenna gain + receiver antenna gain - Transmission Loss + receiver sensitivity / threshold Single Radio (end) System Gain = The difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver threshold (sensitivity)
Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss)
Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss)
Radio (Output Power)
Radio (Threshol d)

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System Gain Example
Antenna (Gain) Radio Transmission Line (Output Power) (Loss) Tx Power Antenna Gain Transmission Loss EIRP 25dBm + 23dBi - 0dB 48dBm EIRP Minimum Receive level 48dBm 119dBm
Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line Radio (Loss) (Threshold) Antenna Gain Receive threshold Transmission Loss 23dBi -96dBm - 0dB -119dBm
System Gain
(Difference between the above figures)
167dB
Minimum Receive level
Note:- Integrated Units Have no Transmission Loss

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Link Budget Concept

What Makes Up the Budget?
Link Budget is the enumeration of all the power gains and losses:
Tx, Transmitter power Gt, Transmitter antenna gain Gr, Receiver antenna gain Rx, Receiver sensitivity FM, Fade Margin
Link Budget (dB) = Tx power (dBm) + TX antenna gain (dBi) + RX antenna gain (dBi) - RX Sensitivity (dBm) - Fade Margin

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Module 3 Overview of MOTOWi4 product portfolio

Solution Ecosystem
MOTOwi4 Solutions
TM
A comprehensive portfolio of wireless broadband solutions and services that deliver and extend coverage
IP ACCESS
Fixed
WiMAX
SERVICES
Mesh
Indoor

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other productBusiness Information, MOTOwi4 Wireless of their 1 Motorola General or service names are the property SP, Rev respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.
43
Add additional legal text here if required by your local Legal Counsel. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2007
wi4 Fixed : Canopy Point-to-Multipoint
Deployed in more than 120 countries by more than 3000 service providers since 2002
Proven Broadband Wireless Access Solution
Strong ROI with demonstrated payback periods of less than one year for commercial deployments
Cost-effective solutions to build and enhance high performing wireless broadband networks and services utilizing unlicensed or Superior performance with best in industry latency and interference mitigation managed frequencies
Unmatched(900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 No-touch upgrades flexibility and scalability; GHz) Provides broadband feed to BPL and Mesh solutions
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. MOTOROLA, the Stylized M Logo, and MOTOWI4 are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006 All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.
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Overview: Canopy Architecture

Base Station Cluster Six APs CMM micro
SM
SS
Router (Motorola WA850) SS
Operators IP Network
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Canopy Components
Access Point Cluster (on a separate frequency band than the Backhaul module)
GPS Antenna
PTP100 with Reflector (View from rear of reflector)
Cluster Management Module

46
Canopy System
Unlicensed Frequencies Used
In AsiaPac Canopy uses 900 MHz (ANZ) 2.4 GHz 5.1 GHz 5.2 GHz 5.4 GHz 5.7 GHz

47
System Component Overview

Access Point (AP) Introduction
An Access Point is web-interface configurable base station for a point-to-multipoint system The AP distributes data networking or Internet services to users Subscriber Modules (SMs) across a 60 sector The Canopy AP is limited to 200 SMs (fewer if using hardware scheduling and high priority channel)

48
System Component Overview

Subscriber Module (SM) Introduction
A Subscriber Module is web-interface configurable Customer Premises Equipment for user access to system The SM communicates with the Access Point (AP) for wireless access to network resources The SM is (usually) connected to the outside of a home/business high enough to be seen by the AP

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CMMmicro
A Managed Switch

1 4 5 6 7 7 7 2
Managed 8-port Ethernet Switch Override Switch GPS Receiver DC Power Connectors (external power supply) GPS antenna connector Power cables in GPS/CAT-5 data cables (This CMM uses External Power Adaptor(1))

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wi4 Fixed: Point-to-Point
High speed connectivity to challenging spaces including non line-of-site connections Spanning distances up to 124 miles (200 kilometers)
Secure, Reliable, Point-to-Point IP Connectivity
Reach new and challenging spaces by bridging and extending voice Backhauling cellular sites and Mesh solutions enabling new applications and services and data networks, and
Bridging enterprise voice and data Fast, efficient IP connectivity for temporary and disaster recovery deployments Unlicensed backhaul for WiMAX networks
(2.4 GHz, 5 GHz)
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PTP Product family
Currently, there are three families of products within the wi4 Fixed Point-to-Point offerings: PTP 100 Series (formerly the Canopy 10 and 20 Mbps Backhaul Modules) PTP 400 Series (formerly the Canopy 30 and 60 Mbps Backhaul Modules) PTP 600 Series (formerly the Canopy 150 and 300 Mbps Backhaul Modules)

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PTP 100 series
Operating in the 2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.4 and 5.8 GHz frequencies Distances upto 35 Miles Designed to provide highlyreliable, line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity for a variety of applications Less than 5ms Latency
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PTP 400 and PTP 600 Series

Operating Frequency bands PTP 400 series available in 5.8GHz, 5.4GHz and 4.9GHz PTP600 series Available in 5.8GHz,5.4GHz and 2.5GHz Maximum distance (subject to local regulations) upto 200 km Operates in LOS , nLOS, NLOS conditions Available in Integrated and Connectorised Models

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wi4 Mesh
Solutions for Public Access, Public Safety, and Public Works Fixed or truly mobile broadband connectivity options
Citywide Public and Private Networks
Providing fixed and mobile IP-based wireless networks for area-wide coverage using WiFi and Public Safety frequency bands Innovative, high performing networks
(2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz)
Proven Motorola technology, highly resilient to interference Highly scalable solutions enable easy, cost-effective deployment
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MOTOMESH Duo Network

Components
Network Components
Intelligent Access Points (IAPs) connect to the wired world Mesh Wireless Routers (MWRs) extend the network coverage IAP and MWR: same hardware, different functionality Configured in the field Support maximum data rates up to 54 Mbps
Client devices
All standards-based 802.11 a/b/g cards WDE1000 Dual 4.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz PCMCIA client access card WDE1100 Dual 4.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz mini PCI client access card
Mesh Manager
Enterprise class network element management system
IAP and MWR
802.11 Cards
WDE 1000
WDE 1100
Mesh Manager

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MOTOMESH Duo Network Architecture

and Motorolas Wireless Broadband Components
Backhaul Layer - Provides communication to the Internet and external network
Distribution Layer - Provides communication between the gateways Mesh Layer - Provides peer-topeer communication between the access points within the network to forward data frames to the gateway Access Layer - 802.11 wireless clients associate with an Access Point 5.8 GHz
2.4 GHz
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wi4 Broadband over Powerline
Solutions light up 3rd wire possibilities IP through powerlines Simple, cost-effective extension to existing networks
Plug In Connectivity Reaching New Spaces
Solutions deliver broadband connectivity by combining innovative wireless technology with widespread access through the electric grid Scalable and easy to deploy, with self-install CPE
Enable smart electric grid and new access for the community Leverages proven technologies
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Powerline MU - Solution Components

Powerline MU Modem CPE and Powerline-to-Ethernet adapter Powerline MU Gateway Head-end and controller for Powerline network Powerline MU Hybrid Adapter Powerline Twisted Pair adapter for utilizing unused phone lines to connect the Canopy SM to the Powerline MU Gateway, if needed - optional Powerline MU Panel Extender Accessory to provide coupling among up to 4 power distribution (electrical panels) - optional
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Element Management
Prism

Effective Management
Element Management- Prism

DESIGN INSTALL MANAGE
Provision equipment and tiered services
Monitor network for events and alerts
Automatically notify network managers and technicians of problems
History tracking of all network configuration changes

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Deploy Tiered Services

DESIGN INSTALL MANAGE
Bandwidth service plans are defined
QoS parameters
Associate subscriber with equipment and service
Manage changes to service plans automatically
Manage optional radio features

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Monitoring the Network

DESIGN INSTALL MANAGE Example Event Filters
View all events that occur within a certain time period View all events with Warning status that occurred in the past 12 hours
Events
Activities within the network being monitored, that are recorded by the Prizm system.
g1
View all instances of Performance degradation.
View all network elements that are not available. View all subscriber equipment With marginal connectivity.
Initiated by elements, by the Prizm system, or by users

63
Slide 63 g1 We reference the Prizm system here, but, we did not explain it earlier. Did I miss something?
g3685c, 9/21/2007
Thanks for participating!

64

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CPT100 MOTOWi4 Introduction

Motorola: For General Business Use,

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Motorola: For General Business Use,

ISO Layered Architectures

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Upper Layers Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

LAN WAN PHY PHY Layer Layer

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Equipment with Layered Architecture

Repeater, hub , cables, wireless access

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

LAN Physical Layer

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits

Each address is broken into:

8-Bits 8-Bits 8-Bits

128-191 8-Bits 192-223 8-Bits

Network is identified in the first octet

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Any 16-31 168

Any Any Any

Any Any Any

Starting With Class A Class B Class C 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0

through 10.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Layer 2 Addressing Example

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Assigning a Dynamic Address

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Network Support Elements

Firewalls might filter:

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Network Support Elements

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Network Support Elements

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Module 2 Overview of RF Technologies

Motorola: For General Business Use,

Digital Modulation of Symbols

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Digital Modulation Pulses

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Low frequencies travel farther with less attenuation (weakening)

High frequencies travel shorter distances with greater attenuation (weakening)

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Is Rain Fade an Issue?

Little / no impact at 5GHz and 2.4GHz

Where can rain impact signal?

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Generic Wireless System Components

Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss) Radio (Output Power)

Antenna (Gain) Transmission Line (Loss) Radio (Threshold)

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone

Radio waves do not travel in straight lines

LoS, nLoS, and NLoS Definitions

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training