Type of Dis es stributio Cabl on les

Distribution cables are na amed accordi to their insulation, the ing i erefore there are paper- i insulated cabl PVC les, bles, XLPE in nsulated cables, etc. The PV and XLPE insulated ca VC E ables due to th popularit will be heir ty insulated cab discussed in brief because it the mostly used in indu b e y ustry.

PVC distr ribution ca ables

The use of Polyvinyl chlo P oride (PVC) provides cabl of excelle quality, w p les ent which are clea and easy to handle. an o PVC insulat ted cable are available in different constructions They may be strande aluminum circular e i s. y ed m conductor, si ingle core cab extruded or taped for multi-core c ble, cable. The tem mperature of general purp pose PVC must not be allowed to ex xceed 70C (maximum co ( onductor temp perature) and the tempera d ature at short circuit is es be during the fo ollowing para agraph as 120C [ 7]. Although, it is similar to XLPE cable that will b discussed d shown in Fig 1. g

XLPE dis stribution cables n

The use of polyethylene has been limit by an upp operationa temperatur of about 70 h ted per al re 0C, due to it thermo ts y ng, rain is remove and the wo ed orking tempe erature is increased to 90C and the C plasticity. By cross-linkin this constr temperature at short circu is 250C [8]. The con uit nductor may b stranded c be copper or sol aluminum circular lid m conductor fo single core or shaped conductor for multi-core c or cable. Howev the insula ver, ation shall be red and e black .It has number of advantages ov paper insu ver ulated and PV insulated cable, such a it has high electric VC as: h ater ating, high-ag geing resisting, and it is si imple constru uction, using c convenient an higher nd strength, grea current ra operating of long term tem mperature. Fo this reason XLPE cables are more su or s uitable for the weather con e ndition of ermore, at the same envir e ronment XLP cable may be reduced size (nomina cross-sectio 1or 2 PE y al on) Qatar. Furthe class in comp parison with paper and PV cable. This is not only i p VC s improved the quality and p properties of p products, but also redu cables production costs uce s.

e. Fig. 1 XLPE cable

Cable Am mpacity
Cable curre carrying capacity (am ent mpacity) is defined as t d the continuo maximum current the cable ous h can carry at its maximum operating temperature t m e.

Ca able size - LV XLPE Cables -Doh cables Company L C ha

Conditions: Ambient air temperat A ture = 40 C Ground tem G mperature = 35 C Ground the G ermal resis stivity = 12 C. Cm/ 20 /Watt Burial dept = 0.5 M B th

De-ra ating Facto ors

In case of different insta d allation cond ditions from the stated, t de-rating factors tabulated in tables 2 to t the g b b 5 must be used in calcu ulating the ne current carrying capa ew c acity.

Short Circuit Cur C rrent

Short circui (Fault) conditions can cause stres on an ele it n ss ectrical syste em. In the case of feed ders, the resulting hi igh short-cir rcuit curren can effe nts ects the cab temperat ble ture to rise very rapid e dly. The protective device protec the feeder requires som finite tim to fully cl d ct me me lear the fault current. Th feeder t he conductors must be size large enou to carry the fault cu m ed ugh y urrent (short circuit curr t rent) for a su ufficient length of tim to permi the circuit breakers to be opened before the c me it t o conductor is heated to t point s the where it dam mages the insulation for avoiding any harm in th equipped l y he load and pro otect human souls.
Table Short circu current uit XLPE cables

Determinati of the sh ion hort- circuit current ratin of a cable by calcula ng e ation is very complex. H However, graphs and tables are available that simplify th process. A shown in Fig 2 the short-circuit current t he As n t an d tical axis and the cable s on the horizontal ax with the series of d size xis, that cable ca withstand on the vert diagonal lin indicatin the durati of the fa (the tot al clearing t nes ng ion ault time of the over curren device nt protecting the conducto The pro t or). ovided chart shows the maximum short circui currents to which t it various size copper con e nductors can be subjected for variou times with us hout injuring the insulati g ion. It is based on a 90C condu uctor operati temperat ing ture and the maximum current for short circuit ratings e t e ine t rent for a certain cable that can 250C. For example if its desirable to determi the short circuit curr withstand which has cro sectional area 400 kcmil during 100 cycle b using the following e w oss k g by e equation plus Fig 2 to get Isc o
. . = 400 * .

Isc = A*

= 22.2 kA. 29

Fig. 2 Time Curren characteristi for short-c nt ics circuit curren circuit break nt ker.

References s: [1] http p://www.okon nite.com/eng gineering/sh hort-circuit-cu urrents.html [2] T. Gonen ,Electr rical Power Distribution System Eng D gineering. 2nd Edition, Ta aylor &Francis Grou 2008. up, [3] Elec ctric Power Distribution and Transmission by Fa D a aulkenberry and Coffer, Prentice Hall 1996 [4] ,Des sign of An Electrical Pow Distribut wer tion Network for An Industrial Plant Final year project, k t, r EE Department, QU, Fall 20 D 011.