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To learn the architecture, programming and interfacing of microprocessors and mi crocontrollers. OBJECTIVES To introduce the architecture and programming of 8085 microprocessor. To introduce the interfacing of peripheral devices with 8085 microprocessor. To introduce the architecture and programming of 8086 microprocessor. To introduce the architecture, programming and interfacing of 8051 micro control ler. UNIT I 8085 CPU9 8085 Architecture Instruction set Addressing modes Timing diagrams Assembly lang uage programming Counters Time Delays Interrupts Memory interfacing Interfacing, I/O devices. UNIT II PERIPHERALS INTERFACING9 Interfacing Serial I/O (8251)- parallel I/O (8255) Keyboard and Display controlle r (8279) ADC/DACinterfacing Inter Integrated Circuits interfacing (I 2 C Standard)- Bus: RS232C-RS485-GPIB UNIT III 8086 CPU9 Intel 8086 Internal Architecture 8086 Addressing modes- Instruction set- 8086 As sembly languageProgrammingInterrupts. UNIT IV 8051 MICROCONTROLLER9 8051 Micro controller hardware- I/O pins, ports and circuits- External memory Cou nters and Timers-SerialData I/O- Interrupts-Interfacing to external memory and 8 255. UNIT V 8051 PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS9 8051 instruction set Addressing modes Assembly language programming I/O port pro gramming -Timer and counter programming Serial Communication Interrupt programmi ng 8051 Interfacing: LCD, ADC,Sensors, Stepper Motors, Keyboard and DAC. TOTAL : 45TEXT BOOKS 1. Ramesh S Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application with 8085, 4 th Edition,Penram International Publishing, New Delhi, 2000. (Unit I, II)2.John Uff enbeck, The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, Third Edition. Pe arsonEducation, 2002.3.Mohammed Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems,Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2003. ( Unit IV, V) EC1303 Microprocessor and its applications UNIT I INTEL 8085 1.1INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM The microprocessor is a semiconductor device (Integrated Circuit) manufactured b y the VLSI (VeryLarge Scale Integration) technique. It includes the ALU, registe r arrays and control circuit on asingle chip. To perform a function or useful ta sk we have to form a system by using microprocessor as a CPU and interfacing mem ory, input and output devices to it. A system designed using amicroprocessor as its CPU is called a microcomputer.The Microprocessor based system (single board microcomputer) consists of microprocessor asCPU, semiconductor memories like EPR OM and RAM, input device, output device and interfacingdevices. The memories, in put device, output device and interfacing devices are called peripherals.The pop ular input devices are keyboard and floppy disk and the output devices are print er,LED/LCD displays, CRT monitor, etc.The above block diagram shows the organiza tion of a microprocessor based system. In this system,the microprocessor is the master and all other peripherals are slaves. The master controls all the periphe rals and initiates all operations.The work done by the processor can be classifi

ed into the following three groups.1.Work done internal to the processor 2.Work done external to the processor 3.Operations initiated by the slaves or periphera ls.The work done internal to the processors are addition, subtraction, logical o perations, data transfer operations, etc. The work done external to the processo r are reading/writing the memory andreading/writing the J/O devices or the perip herals. If the peripheral requires the attention of themaster then it can interr upt the master and initiate an operation. The microprocessor is the master, which controls all the activities of the syste m. To perform aspecific job or task, the microprocessor has to execute a program stored in memory. The programconsists of a set of instructions. It issues addre ss and control signals and fetches the instruction anddata from memory. The inst ruction is executed one by one internal to the processor and based onthe result it takes appropriate action.BUSES:The buses are group of lines that carries data , address or control signals. The CPU Bus has multiplexed lines, i.e., same line is used to carry different si gnals .The CPU interface is provided to demultiplex the multiplexed lines, to generate chip selectsignals and additional control signals. The system bus has separate lines for each signal .All the slaves in the system are connected to the same system bus. At any time instantcommunication takes place between the master and one of the slaves. All t he slaves have tri-state logic and hence normally remain in high impedance state . Only when the slave isselected it comes to the normal logic.PERIPHERAL DEVICES : The EPROM memory is used to store permanent programs and data. The RAM memory is used to store temporary programs and data. The input device is used to enter the program, data and to operate the system. The output device is used for examining the results.Since the speed of I/O devic es does not match with the speed of microprocessor, an interfacedevice is provid ed between system bus and I/O devices. Generally I/O devices are slowdevices. Advantages of Microprocessor based system 1. Computational/processing speed is high.2. Intelligence has been brought to sy stems.3. Automation of industrial processes and office administration.4. Since t he devices are programmable, there is flexibility to alter the system by changin g the softwarealone.5. Less number of components, compact in size and cost less. Also it is more reliable.6. Operation and maintenance are easier. Disadvantages of Microprocessor based System 1. It has limitations on the size of data.2. The applications are limited by the physical address space.3. The analog signals cannot be processed directly and d igitizing the analog signals introduces errors.4. The speed of execution is slow and so real time applications are not possible.5. Most of the microprocessors d oes not support floating point operations. INTEL 8085 Pin Diagram & Description The INTEL 8085 is a 8-bit microprocessor.It operates on 8-bit data and uses 16-b it address to access the memory.With the help of 16-bit address, 8085 can access 2 16 = 65536 = 64K memory locations. It is a 40-pin DIP chip designed using NMOS.

It operates with a power supply of +5 volts and GND. 8085 generates the clock signal internally by dividing the external supplied clo ck signal bytwo. INTEL 8085 ARCHITECTURE The architecture of.8085 is shown in figure given below. The internal architectu re of 8085 includesthe ALU, timing and control unit, instruction register and de coder, register array, interrupt controland serial I/O control.OPERATIONS PERFOR MED BY 8085The ALU performs the arithmetic and logical operations.The operations performed by ALU of 8085 are addition, subtraction, increment, decrement,logical AND, OR, EXCL U8IVE -OR, com pare, complement and left / right shift . Theaccumulator and temporary register are used to hold the data during an arit hmetic / logicaloperation. After an operation the result is stored in the accumu lator and the flags are set or resetaccording to the result of the operation.FLA G REGISTER:There are five flags in 8085, which are sign flag (8), zero flag (Z), auxiliary carry flag (AC),parity flag (P) and carry flag (CY) . The bit positions reserved for these flags in the flag register are shown in f igure below. After an ALU operation, if the most significant bit of the result is 1, then sig n flag is set. The zeroflag is set, if the ALU operation results in zero and it is reset if the result is non-zero. In anarithmetic operation, when a carry is g enerated by the lower nibble, the auxiliary carry flag is set.After an arithmeti c or logical operation, if the result has an even number of 1 's the parity flag is set,other wise it is reset.If an arithmetic operation results in a carry, th e carry flag is set other wise it is reset. Among thefive flags, the AC flag is used internally for BCD arithmetic and other four flags can be used by the progr ammer to check the conditions of the result of an operation.TIMING & CONTROL UNI T:The timing and control unit synchronizes all the microprocessor operations wit h the clock andgenerates the control signals necessary for communication between the microprocessor and peripherals.INSTRUCTION REGISTER & DECODER:When an instr uction is fetched from memory it is placed in instruction register. Then it is d ecodedand encoded into various machine cycles.REGISTER ARRAY: Apart from Accumulator (A-register), there are six general-purpose programmable registersB, C, D, E, H and L. They can be used as 8-bit registers or paired to store l6-bit data. The allowed pairs are B-C,D-E and H-L. The temporary registers W and Z are intended for internal use of the processor a nd it cannot be used by the programmer. STACK POINTER (SP):The stack pointer SP, holds the address of the stack top. The stack is a sequence of RAMmemory locations defined by the programmer. The stack is used to save the content of registers during the execution of a program. PROGRAM COUNTER (PC):The program counter (PC) keeps track of program execution. To execute a program thestarting address of the program is loaded in program cou nter. The PC sends out an address tofetch a byte of instruction from memory and increment its content automatically. Hence,when a byte of instruction is fetched , the PC holds the address of the next byte of theinstruction or next instructio n.

INSTRUCTION EXECUTION AND DATA FLOW in 8085 The program instructions are stored in memory, which is an external device. To e xecute a programin 8085, the starting address of the program should be loaded in program counter. The 8085 outputthe content of program counter in address bus a nd asserts read control signal low. Also, the programcounter is incremented.The address and the read control signal enable the memory to output the content of m emorylocation on the data bus. Now the content of data bus is the opcode of an i nstruction. The readcontrol signal is made high by timing and control unit after a specified time. At the rising edge of read control signals, the opcode is lat ched into microprocessor internal bus and placed in instructionregister.The inst ruction-decoding unit, decodes the instructions and provides information to timi ng andcontrol unit to take further actions. INSTRUCTION FORMAT OF 8085 The 8085 have 74 basic instructions and 246 total instructions. The instruction set of 8085 isdefined by the manufacturer Intel Corporation. Each instruction of 8085 has 1 byte opcode. With 8 bit binary code, we can generate 256 different b inary codes. In this, 246 codes have been used for opcodes.The size of 8085 inst ructions can be 1 byte, 2 bytes or 3 bytes. The 1-byte instruction has an opcode alone. The 2 bytes instruction has an opcode followed by an eight-bit address or data. The 3 bytes instruction has an opcode followed by 16 bit address or data. While storing the 3 bytes instruction in memory, the sequence of storage is, opcode fi rst followed by low byte of address or data and then high byte of address or dat a. ADDRESSING MODES Every instruction of a program has to operate on a data. The method of specifyin g the data to beoperated by the instruction is called Addressing. The 8085 has the following 5 different types of addressing.1. Immediate Addressi ng2. Direct Addressing3. Register Addressing4. Register Indirect Addressing5. Im plied Addressing Immediate Addressing In immediate addressing mode, the data is specified in the instruction itself. T he data will be apartof the program instruction. All instructions that have I in t heir mnemonics are of Immediateaddressing type. Eg. MVI B, 3E H - Move the data 3E H given in the instruction to B register. Direct Addressing In direct addressing mode, the address of the data is specified in the instructi on. The data will be inmemory. In this addressing mode, the program instructions and data can be stored in differentmemory blocks. This type of addressing can b e identified by 16-bit address present in theinstruction. Eg. LDA 1050 H - Load the data available in memory location 1050 H in accumulator. Register Addressing In register addressing mode, the instruction specifies the name of the register in which the data isavailable. This type of addressing can be identified by regi ster names (such as A, B, ) in theinstruction.

Eg. MOV A, B -Move the content of B register to A register. Register Indirect Addressing In register indirect addressing mode, the instruction specifies the name of the register in which theaddress of the data is available. Here the data will be in memory and the address will be in theregister pair. This type of addressing can be identified by letter M present in the instruction. Eg. MOV A, M - The memory data addressed by HL pair is moved to A register. Implied Addressing In implied addressing mode, the instruction itself specifies the type of operati on and location of datato be operated. This type of instruction does not have an y address, register name, immediate dataspecified along with it. Eg. CMA - Complement the content of accumulator. of 36 Leave a Comment Comment must not be empty. You must be logged in to leave a comment. Submit Characters: 400 Onyango Jacob very good,thanks replyabout 7 hours ago Priya Upadhyay It is very good notes... and it is very useful for exam point of view... Thanks reply2 days ago Siddiqua Khan gr8 help...thank u:) reply05 / 29 / 2012 Narendra Reddy thanks............. reply05 / 23 / 2012 Sri Kanth thanks a lot reply05 / 14 / 2012 Pradeep A S Shetty good reply05 / 07 / 2012 Pradeep A S Shetty very good notes reply05 / 07 / 2012 Aswin Raj Thanks ..It's very use ful reply05 / 04 / 2012 Show More Comment must not be empty. You must be logged in to leave a comment. Submit Characters: ... Microprocessor 8085 - notes Microprocessor 8085 - Architecture, instruction set, interface and programming (

B.E. ECE - V semester) Download or Print 116,028 Reads Info and Rating Category: Books - Non-fiction Rating: (1 Rating) Upload Date: 10/09/2009 Copyright: Attribution Non-commercial Tags: microprocessor intel 8085 8085 notes microprocessor intel 8085 8085 notes (fewer) Flag document for inapproriate content This is a private document. Uploaded by raja_ns Follow Download * Embed Doc * Copy Link * Add To Collection * Comments * Readcast * Share Share on Scribd: Readcast Search TIP Press Ctrl-F F to quickly search anywhere in the document. Search Search History: Searching... Result 00 of 00 00 results for result for # p. More From This User Related Documents More From This User 74 p. Digital Electronics - Lab Manual 104 p. Embedded System Basics 18 p. Embedded System Unit V (Prepared by N.Shanmugasundaram) Next

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Login Submit Spinner_mac_white Login Microprocessor 8085 - notes N.Shanmugasundaram File Types Available: &nbspPDF, TXT Mahendra Engineering College Mahendhirapuri Department of ECE EC1303 Microproces sor and its applications AIM To learn the architecture, programming and interfac ing of microprocessors and microcontrollers. OBJECTIVES To introduce the archite cture and programming of 8085 microprocessor. To introduce the interfacing of pe ripheral devices with 8085 microprocessor. To introduce the architecture and pro gramming of 8086 microprocessor. To introduce the architecture, programming and interfacing of 8051 micro controller. 8085 CPU 9 UNIT I 8085 Architecture Instru ction set Addressing mod Login with FacebookSpinner_mac_white Use my Scribd Login Skip Login email address or username password Log In Spinner_trans_gray Trouble logging in? Upload Search * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Follow Us! scribd.com/scribd twitter.com/scribd facebook.com/scribd About Press Blog Partners Scribd 101 Web Stuff Support FAQ Developers / API Jobs Terms Copyright Privacy

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