NBS

SPECIFICATION

Solutions with Sika Systems

Uniclass L6813 CI/SfB Y (L34) EPIC F83

Sika -1 Waterproofing System

Waterproofing Above and Below Ground for both New and Refurbishment Works

Construction

Simple 'No Sump No Pump Technology 90 year Track Record Environmentally Friendly Designed for the Life of the Structure

The Components of Sika-1 Water

The Sika-1 Waterproofing System can be designed to keep water in or to keep water out.
With rising groundwater in many areas, coupled with the ever increasing commercial need to optimise land usage by creating and re-creating habitable basement areas, there is a need for effective and durable waterproofing in both new and refurbishment works.

Similarly, with ever stricter controls on water quality, many existing structures, for the retention of potable water or for the protection of ground water from effluents, will need upgrading.

Applied internally or externally, the cementitious Sika-1 Waterproofing System has provided the answers for over 90 years. Using neither sumps or pumps the Sika-1 Waterproofing System forms an integral part of the structure to which it is applied, and is designed to last the lifetime of that structure.

Keeping Water Out

Basements Underground Car Parks Metro Stations and Subways Utility Vaults Marine Structures Tunnels

Sika-1 Mortar Technology

Dense impervious mortar is produced by minimising capillaries and using pore blocking techniques.

Keeping Water In
Reservoirs Water Tanks Waste Water Treatment Plants Secondary Containment Bunds Swimming Pools Sewers and Pipelines

Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

proofing System
The Sika-1 Waterproofing System consists of a specialist liquid admixture and pre-bagged quality controlled mortars. Sika-1 mortars consist of kiln dried pre-batched precision graded aggregates and cements, in 3 easily identifiable grades with simple colour striping to ensure site quality control. Sika-1 admixture is a colloidal silicate liquid, diluted and incorporated into the mortar mix producing a complete waterproofing system.

Durability Under normal conditions of use, the Sika -1 Structural Waterproofing System will provide an effective barrier to the transmission of liquid water for the life of the building to which it is applied.
As quoted in British Board of Agrment Certificate. Number 00/3761 Section 15.

Jointing Technology
Construction joints and movement joints must be sealed using the SikaDur-Combiflex System

Penetrations
Pipe entries, service ducts etc must be sealed incorporating SikaSwell hydrophillic profiles and Sikaflex Sealants

3 coats of Sika -1 Waterproofing System

SikaDur -Combiflex Jointing System at floor/wall junction

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

Sika-1 Waterproofing System

Note: Full installation guide and detailing sheets for Sika-1 Waterproofing System are available on request

1. All materials must be stored in clean dry conditions

2. Suitably qualified and experienced contractors should be used.

3. All surfaces must be thoroughly mechanically prepared.

7. Immediately prior to installation of 8. The first wall coat of Sika-1 Sika -1 Waterproofing System, Spritz Mortar is "cast" vigorously saturate the surface with clean water. onto the wall at 6mm thickness.

9. The 2nd and 3rd wall coats of Sika-1 Render and Finishing Mortar are trowel applied to a minimum 6mm per coat.

13. A Sika-1 Bonding Coat Mortar is brush applied as a slurry to the prepared floors.

14. The 2nd and 3rd coats of Sika-1 Screed Mortar are applied to the floor by trowel and lapped onto wall finishes.

15. All service entries must be filled with Sika-1 Waterproofing System and sealed using high performance sealants Sikaflex-11FC+, SikaSwell or SikaDurCombiflex System.

Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Application Guide

4. All joints should be protected by SikaDur-Combiflex System incorporated within the render.

5. Sika-1 Waterproofing admixture should be diluted 1:10 with fresh clean water to make up a gauging solution.

6. Sika-1 pre batched Mortars must be mixed in forced action mixers using Sika-1 gauging solution.

10.Keying between trowelled mortars is achieved by application of splatter coats of Sika-1 Spritz Mortar.

11.Dry joints in wall finishes should be lapped by a minimum of 100mm. Similarly wall finishes should be lapped onto floors.

12. If no SikaDur-Combiflex System joint is used at floor/wall interface, a Sika-1 Render Mortar corner fillet must be included.

16. Fixings must be secured using SikaDur-31, Sika Powerfix resin adhesives, or Sikaflex11FC+ polyurethane adhesive sealants. Do Not Drill into system

17. Final plaster finishes suitable for decoration can be produced with SikaMur Finish.

18. For additional demands such as mechanical and chemical resistance, or crack bridging etc; use compatible SikaGard or Sikafloor coatings.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

The Requirements for Waterproofing Basements

(BS 8102 - 1990). Code of Practice for Protection of Structures Against Water from the Ground
Typical Structure & Requirements
Basic utility. Basement Car Parks. Plant rooms (excluding electrical equipment). BS 8102: Grade 1: Slight seepage and damp patches are tolerable. Residential and Commercial Basements Workshops, plant rooms and retail storage where a drier environment is required. BS 8102: Grade 2: No water penetration but moisture vapour tolerable. - Sika-1 Waterproofing System - SikaDur-Combiflex System

Sika Solutions
- Sika-1 Waterproofing System - SikaDur-Combiflex System

Grade

1
Grade

2
Grade

3
Grade

Ventilated residential and working areas including offices, restaurants and leisure facilities. BS 8102: Grade 3: A dry environment is required and water penetration is intolerable.

- Sika-1 Waterproofing System - SikaDur-Combiflex System

Use for archives, storage of sensitive material, i.e. computer rooms. BS 8102: Grade 4: A totally dry environment. Vapour impermeable.

Sika-1 Waterproofing System SikaDur-Combiflex System Sika EpoCem Systems SikaDur Liquid Damp-Proof Membrane - SikaGard Coatings

Additional performance requirements

Hygenic and easy to clean Approved for contact with drinking water Crack bridging Chemically resistant De-icing salt resistant Waste water resistant

Sika Solutions
- Sika-1 Waterproofing System and joint sealing systems as Grade 3 and 4 above. Plus: - Sika EpoCem Systems - SikaTop cementitious render dependent on the specific requirements. - SikaGard coatings

Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Sika Vapour Barrier Systems

Impermeable Moisture Barriers Solvent Free Fast Track Construction Unique Sika Epocem Technology

Where total vapour impermeability is demanded in addition to structural waterproofing as part of a Grade 4 system under BS 8102, this can be achieved by using a Sika Vapour Barrier System. Sika Vapour Barrier Systems comprise SikaGard-720 EpoCem for walls and Sikafloor-81 EpoCem for floors sealed with solvent free SikaGard and Sikafloor epoxy resin coatings. SikaGard and Sikafloor EpoCem provide a temporary moisture and vapour barrier allowing the application of the appropriate SikaGard / Sikafloor solvent free epoxy resin coating to produce a permanent and moisture vapour resistant finish. Similarly, this system can be used on new concrete structures where residual moisture levels are too high for the installation of finishes. Alternatively, SikaDur Liquid Damp-Proof Membrane can be installed where there is no current anticipated water pressure to help achieve a Grade 4 installation under BS 8102 please contact Sika for full technical advice.

Excess moisture vapour absorbed by free cement in Sikafloor-81 EpoCem

SikaGard/SikaDur Sikafloor coating

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

Sika -1 Waterproofing System Case Studies Deptford Town Hall London

Problems
Now part of Goldsmiths College, the Old Town Hall at Deptford has a basement constructed from brickwork which provided an ideal area for conversion into a national archive for the storage and study of historic fabrics. As with many 19th Century basements, over the years, the original waterproofing had become ineffective with evidence of damp and water ingress causing severe deterioration to the building fabric.

Requirements
Complete internal waterproofing system. Proven last the lifetime of the building system to protect valuable artefacts. Totally controlled environment to Grade 4 use in accordance with BS 8102. Smooth plaster finish ready to accept decoration.

Sika Solutions
All exposed brickwork repaired, re-pointed and bush hammered to provide a rough surface. Existing concrete floor mechanically cleaned. SikaDur-Combiflex System to all potential movement joints. Sika-1 three layer waterproofing system to floors and walls. 2 coats of SikaDur Liquid Damp Proof Membrane to provide vapour barrier. Finished surface provided by SikaMur Dry and SikaMur Finish renovating plasters. All materials installed to provide Grade 4 of BS 8102

Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Sika -1 Waterproofing System Case Studies Wellington Arch War Memorial London
Built in 1928 to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo Refurbishment Project completed 2000

Problem
Previously used for storage by Park Rangers from the nearby Hyde Park the memorial had been left unoccupied for years allowing water penetration into the basement and subsequent deterioration of the internal building fabric.

Requirements
As part of a full scale renovation for the millennium by English Heritage, the leaking basement was to be converted to a clean, dry visitor centre. Provide a permanently dry underground structure for commercial use, including offices and toilets. In accordance with Grade 3 BS 8102. To ensure water tight connections between new suspended floor slabs and existing walls Maintain the historic character of this listed structure.

Sika Solutions
Full mechanical preparation of all barrel vaulted basements Sika-1 three layer waterproofing system to floor and walls Installation of SikaDur Combiflex System at wall to floor connections. Sikaflex-11FC+ fast curing one part polyurethane elastic sealant adhesive for fixing skirtings and architraves. All materials installed to provide Grade 3 of BS 8102.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

Sika -1 Waterproofing System Case Studies The Vaults Trinity Street Cambridge
Refurbishment Project completed 2000

Problem
Availability of quality commercial properties in this University City are at a premium and optimum use of all floor space is crucial. This often involves using existing basements for a wide variety of uses. The original solid brick masonry walls had no form of external waterproofing, relying solely on the interlocking brickwork.

Requirements
To convert a damp, dreary brick vaulted basement into a light airy Caf Bar Complete internal waterproof system To accept ceramic floor tiles Suitable for internal decorative finish Last the lifetime of the building Provide Grade 3 use in accordance with BS 8102.

Sika Solutions
All existing lime wash coatings mechanically removed and existing brickwork mortar joints raked out and re-pointed. Exposed brickwork bush hammered to provide a rough textured surface. Sika-1 three layer waterproofing system to floor and walls, suitable to accept final finishes. Completed systems provided waterproofing in accordance Grade 3 of BS 8102.

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Other Sika Damp-Proofing Solutions

Sika Damp-Proofing Slurry
Pre-bagged polymer modified cement mortar slurry Simple, just add water, technology Brush, trowel or spray application Two layer application to provide permanent damp-proof finish Acts as a waterproof lining for ponds, tanks, pools etc.

Sika Inertol 49W Thick

(Sika Liquid Asphaltic Compound) One pack phenol-free coating complying with BS 3416 Type II Waterproof treatment to foundation walls, and general concrete / steel structures above and below ground Provides a DPM for ground floors

SikaMur Ventilating Plaster System

Internal and external re-plastering of masonry walls Prevents migration of soluble salts following flood damage or DPC injection Limestone based - ideal for Heritage works Fine finish plaster to produce a smooth surface for decoration

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

11

Additional Sika Technologies and Solutions

Sika Waterstopping Systems SikaBond Permanently elastic polyurethane bonding systems for solid wood and parquet flooring.

NBS
SPECIFICATION

Range of quick setting liquid additives for leak sealing and rapid plugging.

Sikaflex

NBS
SPECIFICATION

Range of one component polyurethane based construction joint sealants with classifications to ISO 11600 selection criteria

SikaTack Panel System Elastic bonding of faade cladding. Suitable for most pressure ventilated curtain walling. No visible mechanical fixings and suitable for aluminium or timber framework. Elastic bonding allows for load transmission and avoids stress fatigue at screw fixings
SPECIFICATION

NBS

Sikafloor Range of high performance flooring systems for the most demanding industrial and commercial installations

Sika Membran System Highly elastic vapour barrier system for use in glass curtain walling or infill windows. Polyurethane elastic adhesives allow re-positioning of membrane. Internal and external grades for insulated cavities.

Construction

The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are given in good faith based on Sikas current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions. In practice, the differences in materials, substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any liability arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The proprietary rights of third parties must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users should always refer to the most recent issue of the Technical Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

Environmental
Certif ie

nagemen Ma t

stem Sy

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Protection

Sika Limited Sika Ireland Limited

Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, AL7 1BQ Fax: 01707 329129 Telephone: 01707 394444 e-mail: sales@uk.sika.com Unit 3 Ballymun Industrial Estate, Dublin 11, Ireland Fax: (01) 8620707 Telephone: (01) 8620709 e-mail: info@sika.ie
Ce rti

Quality

90

9 01 / E N 2

Production

WP.11.02.5K

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Solutions with Sika Systems

Technology and Concepts for Watertight Concrete Construction

The Components of Watertight Concret

A watertight concrete structure can be designed to keep water in or to keep water out or both. In future even greater controls on water quality and increasing regulations for the protection of ground water, will require the construction of many more watertight concrete structures. These requirements will affect all industries. In the water industry, for instance this can be for both fresh water supply and waste water treatment facilities. All of this is in addition to the rapidly increasing need for residential and commercial buildings to optimize land usage, with habitable deep basements. Many new developments are also in areas with rising groundwater levels such as inner cities, where water is no longer abstracted by local industry.

Reservoirs and Water Tanks Waste Water Treatment Plants Dams Secondary Containment Bunds Swimming Pools Sewers and Pipelines

Keeping Water In

The Concrete Technology

Dense impermeable concrete is essential. Watertight Concrete is produced by minimizing capillary volume and permeability.

The Jointin

Construction and m sealed.

Keeping Water Out

Basements Parking Garages Underground Stations and Subways Utility Vaults Marine Structures Tunnels

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e Construction
The Additional Protection
There are often additional demands such as mechanical resistance, chemical resistance, crack bridging, etc. which must be accommodated by compatible additional treatments.

g Technology

The Penetrations
Pipe entries, utility services, etc. always have to penetrate the watertight structure and these points must also be securely sealed.

movement joints must be securely

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

The Requirements for Watertight Conc

In The Design Ofce: Specication by Usage (To BS 8102)
Typical Structure & Requirements
Basic utility. Underground Parking Garages. Plant rooms (excluding electrical equipment). BS 8102: Grade 1: Slight seepage and damp patches are tolerable. Residential and Commercial Basements Workshops, plant rooms and retail storage where a drier environment is required. BS 8102: Grade 2: No water penetration but moisture vapour tolerable.

Sika Solutions
Watertight concrete system: Water reducing admixture Sikament Capillary blocking system: Sika-1 Joint sealing system: SikaSwell Systems or Traditional Waterbars Watertight concrete system: High range water reducing admixtures Sikament Capillary blocking system: Sika-1 Joint sealing system: SikaSwell Systems Sikadur-Combiex Sika Injectoex-System

Grade

1
Grade

2
Grade

3
Grade

Ventilated residential and working areas including ofces, restaurants and leisure facilities. BS 8102: Grade 3: A dry environment is required and water penetration is intolerable.

Watertight concrete system: High range water reducing admixture Sikament Capillary blocking system: Sika-1 Joint sealing system: Sikadur-Combiex SikaSwell SystemsSika Injectoex-System

Use for archives, store houses of sensitive material, computer rooms. BS 8102: Grade 4: A totally dry environment. Vapour impermeable. -

Watertight concrete system: High range water reducing admixture Sikament Capillary blocking system: Sika-1 Joint sealing system: Sikadur-Combiex SikaSwell Systems Sika Injectoex-System Coating system: EpoCem and Sikagard as internal vapour-proof and/or protective coatings.

Additional performance requirements

Hygenic and easy to clean Approved for contact with drinking water Crack bridging Chemically resistant De-icing salt resistant Waste water resistant

Sika Solutions
- Sika Watertight concrete and joint sealing systems as Grade 3 and 4 above. Plus: - EpoCem systems, Sikagard coatings or SikaTop cementitious renderings as the additional protective layers depending on the specic requirements.

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Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

rete Construction
On The Construction Site: Good Concreting Practice
The Formwork
Formwork joints shall be sufciently tight to prevent leakage of liquid. Formwork shall impart a smooth nish to the resulting concrete surface: To full this requirement use Mould Release Agents like Separol .

The Steel Reinforcement

In watertight construction the design and

xing of steel reinforcement is particularly important to absolutely minimise potential problems such as: Crack behavior due to insufcient steel reinforcement. Insufcient concrete cover, which can lead to increased plastic shrinkage during construction and an accelerated rate of corrosion damage in service. Obstruction of jointing systems by congested reinforcement or by changing the designed position and/or correct installation of the joint. Congestion leading to inadequate concrete compaction producing honeycombing or voids.

Loosening, striking and removal of formwork should be done without shock or vibration. Minimum recommended striking times must be adhered to. Extended waiting periods can be benecial to curing.

The Curing
Curing of concrete reduces the porosity and pore size in the concrete surface layer of 20 to 50mm, and produces the necessary non continuous pore system. Curing is also important in reducing the risk of surface crazing and plastic shrinkage cracking. For watertight concrete complete and correct curing is essential, e.g. by covering immediately with damp hessian and plastic sheeting and by keeping formwork in place for extended periods. Also note: Liquid applied curing membranes are not normally the most effective for watertight construction. Curing must always be carried out for the absolute minimum time as generally recommended by BS 8110 and protected from evaporation for at least 3 days in all cases, more when exposed to aggressive conditions. Temperature uctuations must be minimized.

Ambient Conditions

Minimum Curing Time

(Full 24 Hour Days) at 5-10C at 20C at 30C

Good RH>80% Protected from Sun & Wind Average Intermediate RH>50-80% Partially Protected from Sun & Wind Poor RH<50% Not Protected from Sun & Wind

-maintain protection for minimum 3 days

Watertight Concrete Curing Times (Adapted from BS 8110: Portland and Sulphate Resisting Cement.)

Typical Mix Design Minimum Cementitious Content :- 350 kg/m3 Maximum Water / Cement Ratio:- 0.45 Admixtures : Sika-1 7 Litres/m3 Sikament-10 @ 0.8 -1.2% by weight of Concrete

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

The Technology of Watertight Concrete

Crack-free concrete can be said to be watertight if the volume of water penetrating it is lower than the minimum vaporisable volume of water on the opposite side.

Test of Water Permeability through Concrete

Water Absorption under Pressure (i.e According to DIN-Stand.1048 (mod.)/ENV 206) Water absorption in g /m2 x h Measurement: Max. water penetration in mm after 24 hours with a water pressure of 5 bar.

70 60 water penetration mm 50 40 30 20 10 0

Reference Concrete Concrete with Sikament+ Sika-1

Note: The ISAT - Initial Surface Absorption Test is not applicable with the Sika system for watertight concrete, as watertightness increases under pressure following limited initial surface absorption.

Reduction of Concrete Permeability with Sikament

Effect of Water Cement Ratio on Permeability
140
Coefficient of Permeability -10 m/s

Effect of Sikament on Strength Gain

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 7

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Water:Cement Ratio 0.7 0.8
N/mm2

Sikam

e nt c

oncre

te

Control con

crete

14 Age in days

28

Effect of SikamentDosage on Water Reduction

30 25

Effect of Sikament and Sika -1 on Watertightness

60 50
Water Penetration

Depth of Penetration mm

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0

Reference Concrete

Water Reduction %

20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Dosage in % by wgt of cement

No Flow

Concrete - with Sikament and Sika 1

1 4 7 Time in days at 10 bar

28

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Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Production
Reduction of Concrete Permeability with Sika-1
Integral Blocking of Capillary Pores by using a Poreblocking Waterproofer - Sika-1
Sika incorporates Sika-1 containing complex colloidal silicates with extremely high reactivity. These fine particles improve crystallization of the cement hydration products, resulting in further blocking of the pores and therefore formation of a dense cement matrix. These pore blocking materials also line the inside of capillary pores forming a barrier, which strongly reduces the ability of water to penetrate. If water does penetrate under pressure, swelling action of the silicate hydrates formed in the matrix takes place. This then effectively blocks the pores even at 10 bar or 100 metre head of water pressure. Sika Watertight Concrete therefore uses the dual technologies of Sika -1 and Sikament synchronised to produce the optimum performance.

Without Sika Watertight System

Concrete Sample (Control)

Standard control concrete provides more capillaries which can lead to failure of the concrete sample as this increased capillary structure provides a migratory path for water particularly when under pressure.

With Sika Watertight System

Concrete Sample (Sika Watertight)

Sika Watertight concrete contains fewer capillaries reducing the potential migratory route for water. Should water attempt to pass through, the colloidal silicate Sika-1 swells and blocks the path. The pore blocker is distributed throughout the concrete matrix. This dual effect ensures a watertight concrete is achieved.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

The Different Principles and Systems for Achieving Watertight Joints

Principle 1 External Surface Applied
Water inltration is stopped everywhere on the external surface of the structure. Ideal for use where: The reinforcement system does not allow integral waterproong Direct water pressure cannot cause seal damage (e.g. by abrasion) Corrosive water outside the structure has to be precluded (e.g. sulphate water) Construction or Daywork Joint Two Systems are Available
Suitable Grades for Construction and Expansion Joints.

1. Traditional PVC Waterstop Expansion or Movement Joint

Suitable for both Construction and Expansion Joints.

2. Sikadur-Combiex System

Principle 2 Internal Surface Applied

Water inltration is stopped on the inside of the structure. Ideal for use where: Connecting to existing building Water retaining structures (e.g. water tanks) Repair work is necessary without external access Sealing leaks

Construction or Daywork Joint Expansion or Movement Joint

Suitable for both Construction and Expansion Joints.

Sikadur-Combiex System

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Principle 3 Integral Cast in Situ

Water is stopped inside of the structure. Ideal for use where: External waterproong is undesirable for aesthetic reasons Subsequent application of the seal is not possible for time or technical reasons The seal has to be protected from abrasion

Construction or Daywork Joint

Expansion or Movement Joint

Four Systems are Available

Suitable Grades for Construction and Expansion Joints

Suitable for Construction Joints

System 1: Traditional PVC Waterstop - Integral Waterbar

System 2: Integral Re-Injectable and Hydrophillic Hose - Sika Injectoex System

Suitable for Construction Joints

Suitable for Construction Joints

System 3: Gun Applied Hydrophillic Sealant - SikaSwell-S

System 4: Preformed Hydrophillic Strips - SikaSwell-P

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

10

10

The Technology of Watertight Jointing

Sealing of Expansion and Construction Joints with Traditional Waterstops
Flexible PVC waterstop sections for the sealing of construction and movement joints.

Advantages
Ribbed anges for anchoring and sealing. Increased distance for water penetration. No risk due to insufcient surface preparation. Application independent of the weather.

How it works
Increasing the length of the path for water penetration.

Integral applied Traditional Waterstop xed integrally in the concrete. For construction joints

For movement joints

Limitations
Precise location and xing is necessary. Complicated formwork and concreting work is required. Leaks are difcult to locate and to repair. Connections between new and existing structures are not possible.

External surface applied Applied with the external face on the blinding concrete or form work. For construction joints

For movement joints

Sealing of Expansion- and Construction Joints as well as Cracks with Sikadur-Combiex System
High performance joint sealing system consisting of Sika Hypalon sealing strip and Sikadur epoxy adhesive.

Advantages
Adaptable to the construction program. Easy to adjust to complicated construction details. Simultaneous additional crack sealing possible. Damage or leaks can be repaired externally or internally. Easy to control the application because it is visible. Easy to repair damage.

Function
Increasing the path of water penetration and fully bonded to the concrete preventing water ingress.

Available Systems
A range of different widths and thicknesses are available. Combiex strip thickness of 1mm For low mechanical demand. Combiex strip thickness of 2mm For higher mechanical demand. Combiex strip widths Standard 15 and 20cm, wider on request. Sikadur-Combiex adhesive High performance epoxy adhesive.

Limitations
Application more difcult under extreme conditions (cold, rain). Additional mechanical protection may be required from backlling.

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Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Systems
Sealing of Construction Joints with Sika Injectoex System
Sika Injectoex Hoses have three hydrophillic surfaces, which swell to seal the joint. In addition the system can be injected and re-injected in case of future movement/settlement etc.

Function
The sealing process occurs in two ways. Method 1 Swelling caused by water exposure. Sika Injectoex has hydrophillic (water absorbing) swelling proles on each of its 3 sides. Penetrating water activates the three exterior surfaces of the Sika Injectoex Hose, which swell to seal the joint.

Advantages
Accurate waterstopping by 2 methods. Easy to install. Adaptable to any form of structure and program. No additional xing of formwork or steel reinforcement is required. The major advantage of Sika Injectoex is that this system can be injected or reinjected at any time in the future to seal the joint - due to movement, damage, excessive loading etc.

After water exposure

Limitations

Not suitable for movement joints

Before water exposure

In case of future leakage the hose can simply be reinjected.

Hydrophillic Swelling strips Injection ports

Rubber valves

Method 2 If necessary, in the second method, the system can be injected with Sika InjectoCem (micro cement) or with Sika Injection (resin), which again lls and seals the joint.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

12

12

The Technology of Watertight Jointing Systems (continued)

Sealing of Construction Joints with SikaSwell Sealants and Proles
SikaSwell-P Proles
Sealing Proles which swell in contact with water to seal construction joints .

Function
After contact with water the exterior surfaces of the proles swell. The resultant pressure increases the path of water penetration.

Advantages
Swells in contact with water Permanently water resistant, no leaching Elastic Easy, simple application With protective coating to avoid premature swelling SikaSwell-P

Limitations
Not suitable for expansion joints Cannot be injected Not suitable for rapidly rising ground water as immediate sealing is not possible due to the time required for the prole to swell. Although SikaSwell-P has been tested to 3.5 bar, it is not normally recommended for joints in structures with requirements greater than Grade 1 to BS 8102.

Before water exposure

After water exposure

SikaSwell-S Sealants
SikaSwell S is a gun applied water swelling sealant for construction joints and penetrations. SikaSwell-S can also be used for xing of Sika Injectoex or SikaSwell proles.

Function
SikaSwell-S is a gun applied swelling prole which expands when it is exposed to water. The resultant pressure increases the path for water penetration, and effectively seals the joint.

SikaSwell-S

Advantages
Easy, simple application No additional xing is required No jointing is required Can be easily adapted to very irregular surfaces Before water exposure After water exposure

Limitations
Not suitable for expansion joints Dependent on weather conditions (moisture sensitive in application) Although SikaSwell-S has been tested up to 3.5 bar, it is not normally recommended for joints in structures with requirements greater than Grade 1 to BS 8102 Not suitable for rapidly rising water as immediate sealing is not possible due to the time required for SikaSwell-S to expand.

13 13

Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

Design of Penetrations and Ties to Ensure Watertightness

The Penetrations
With any watertight construction, continuity of the sealing system is essential for success. When pipe entries, utility services and conduits are placed in or through a structure, the watertightness of the structure is at risk unless securely sealed.

Pipe Entries
Sika has developed simple and innovative systems for these applications using hydrophillic SikaSwell Sealants and Proles. A further solution for pipe entries, utility services etc. that can be applied after the concrete work is the well proven Sikadur-Combiex System. Inll modied concrete or Sika Grout

SikaSwell-P

Sikadur Combiex

SikaSwell-S or SikaSwell-P

SikaSwell-S

Formwork Ties
Plug

Sikadur-31

In watertight construction the formwork ties have to be securely sealed. Sikadur-31 Epoxy mortar is the ideal solution. Note: When complex or multiple ties exist the complete Sikadur-Combiex System can be recommended if more practical on site.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

14

A Selection of Case Studies

United Kingdom
Project 25 metre circumference Sphereactor, Anglian Water Innovation, Cambridge. Requirement Spherical Precast Concrete Tank for the innovative Kaldness Sewage Treatment Process.High quality watertight and durable precast concrete sections to be completely sealed internally and protected externally from aggressive gases. Sika Solution Sikament in the precast concrete with Sikadur-Combiex surface applied internal jointing system. Sikagard 550W high performance, crack bridging protective coating.

Watertight spherical sewage treatment tank of precast high durability concrete.

United Watertight Kingdom underground

parking and utility services for luxury apartments

Project Brook House, Park Lane, London.

BS 8102 Grades 1 and 2

Requirement Development of luxury apartments with deep basement for utility services and quality car parking in an area with a high water table. Sika Solution Sika Watertight Concrete with Sika-1 and Sikament for basement walls and floor slab construction. Construction joints and penetrations sealed with Sikadur-31 adhesive and SikaSwell profiles.

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Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In

United United Watertight Watertight Kingdom Kingdom

Project New Office Building, 25 Victoria Street, London. Project New Ofce Building, 25 Victoria Street, Requirement London. Multi storey office and retail building with a fully habitable deep basement Requirement shaped site subject on an unusually 8 storey ofce and retail building with a fully habitable deep basement on an to continually high water pressure unusuallyground water. from the shaped site subject to continually high water pressure from the ground water. Sika Solution Solution 150 m run of 7 m high basement wall to be m run of 7 m high basement cast in Sika Watertight Concrete with a wall to be cast in Sika Watertight 1.5 m thickwith Sika-1 and oor slab. Concrete concrete raft and Above ground exposed concrete protected Sikament in a 1.5 m thick concrete against carbonation and chloride ingress raft Sikagard 680S from new. with and floor slab. Above ground exposed concrete protected against carbonation and chloride ingress with Sikagard-680S.

deep deep habitable habitable ofce basement ofce to BS 8102 basement to Grade 3 BS 8102 Grade 3

United United Kingdom Kingdom

Project Philip Harris House, Project Guys Hospital, London. Philip Harris House, Guys Hospital, London.

Vapourtight totally dry underground hospital basement to BS 8102 Grade 4

Requirements Requirements 8 storey extension to Guys Hospital with one storey completely below 8 storey extension to Guys Hospital with one storey completely below ground ground level and 1.5m below water table. Completely watertight watertight level and 1.5m below the rising the rising water table. Completelyfacilities facilities were essential for the sensitive hospital - some designated were essential for the sensitive work of the work of the hospital - someto BS 8102 Grade to requiring vapour-tight construction for a totally dry environment designated 4 BS 8102 Grade 4 requiring vapour-tight construction for a totally dry environment. Sika Solution Sika watertight concrete and Sikaex sealants used throughout . Sikadur and Sika Solution Sikagard coatings onto the new concrete to create the important totally dry areas.Watertight concrete with Sika-1, Sikament and Sikaflex Sika sealants used throughout. Sikadur and Sikagard coatings were applied onto the new concrete to create the important totally dry areas.

Keeping Water Out Keeping Water In Keeping Water Out

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Technology and Concepts for Watertight Concrete Construction

Additional Specialist and Designer Concretes from Sika:Corrosion Resistant Concrete Achieved by using Sikas unique migratory corrosion inhibitor -Sika FerroGard

Chemically Resistant and High Strength Concrete Utilising Sikas power pack with silica fume - Sikacrete Underwater Concrete Designed to resist washout and provide high strength concrete - Sika UCS

Self Compacting Concrete Vibration free concrete for Precast and Readymix applications - using Sika Viscocrete technology Pumpable Concrete Made easy with the liquid concrete stabiliser - Sikapump and Sikamix

Accelerated Shotcrete Accelerators and rebound reducers for shotcrete including the new alkali free accelerator - Sigunite 49AF

Foam Concrete Foaming concrete systems, ideal for void lling or trench reinstatement - Sikaporo

High Early Strength Concrete Utilising Sikas Rapid Technology

Sika Limited
Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, AL7 1BQ Fax: 01707 329129 Telephone: 01707 394444 e-mail: sales@uk.sika.com
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Sika Ireland Limited

Unit 3 Ballymun Industrial Estate, Dublin 11, Ireland Fax: (01) 8620707 Telephone: (01) 8620709 e-mail: info@sika.ie
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The information and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end-use of Sika products, are given in good faith based on Sikas current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions. In practice, the differences in materials, substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in respect of merchantability or of tness for a particular purpose, nor any liability arising out of any legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The proprietary rights of third parties must be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users should always refer to the most recent issue of the Technical Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

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