Alternative Energy: An Introduction

Tariq Iqbal Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland http://www.engr.mun.ca/~tariq

Non Renewable Energy Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum, Nuclear Energy

Alternate Energy (Renewable Energy)

Wind Energy Solar Energy Oceanic Energy (wave, tide, ocean thermal) Hydro Power Geothermal Biomass

Hydrogen and fuel cells ??? Nuclear Fusion ???

Oil Real Discovery Trend

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1930
Gb

60 Past Future Production 50 40 30

Past discovery by ExxonMobil

Past after ExxonMobil

20 10 0 2050

1950

1970

1990

2010

2030

Regular Conventional Oil

ME.Other East W. Europe Africa L. America N. America Eurasia ME Gulf
-193 -191 -245 -2714 -44 23 -47 22 -83 -110 65 71 30 146 380

Where is it?
Produced Reserves Yet-to-Find

-250 -150

-50

50

150

250

350

450

Billion Barrels

Ref: ASPO 2005

All Oil & Gas

50 Production, Gboe/a 40 30 20 10 0 1930
Non-con Gas Gas NGLs Polar Oil Deep Water Heavy Regular

1950

1970

1990

2010

2030

2050

What to do after THE END OF CHEAP ENERGY ?

LAST ONE STANDING: THE WAY OF WAR AND COMPETITION POWERDOWN: THE PATH OF SELF-LIMITATION WAITING FOR THE MAGIC ELIXIR: FALSE HOPES, WISHFUL THINKING, AND DENIAL BUILDING LIFEBOATS: THE PATH OF COMMUNITY Essential Reading: 1. Peak Oil and the Fate of Humanity by Robert Beriault 2. POWERDOWN: Options and Actions for a PostCarbon World by Richard Heinberg

Non Renewable Energy Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum, Nuclear Energy Alternate Energy (Renewable Energy)
Wind Energy Solar Energy Oceanic Energy (wave, tide, ocean thermal) Hydro Power Geothermal Biomass

Hydrogen and fuel cells ??? Nuclear Fusion ???

Atlantic Wind Test Site PEI

Darrieus WT

Savonius WT

World Wind Energy Potential

Basic equations
Power = 0.5 R2 u3 Cp (air density) at STP =1.2929, R is the radius of wind turbine u is the wind speed in m/s Cp is the power coefficient (.45) Torque = 0.5 R3 u2 Cq torque coefficient, Cq = Cp / . Tip speed ratio, = R / u

Selection and sizing of wind turbines

Homer, The optimization model for distributed generation (http://analysis.nrel.gov/homer/)

Hybrid2 (NREL) Bladed (Garrad Hassan, UK) Wind Screen 3 (U Mass.) WAsP (Denmark) WindPro (Denmark)

Economics

Hybrid Energy Systems

Links
www.peakoilandhumanity.com www.culturechange.org www.altenergy.org www.smallwindenergy.ca www.nrel.gov www.awea.org Thanks