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Colony
+ants: Vector
+graph: Graph
+population: int
+iterations: int
+alpha: double
+initial pheromone: double
+start(iterations:int,population:int): void
1

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+Tour Length: int
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+hereditaryTour[]: int
+antTour[]: int
+beta: Gene
+exploitation: Gene
+hereditary: Gene
+step(): void
+breed(parent:Ant): Ant[2]
1

+dimension: int
-edge weights: int[dimension][dimension]
-pheromone weights: double[dimension][dimension]
+getWeight(Node:int,Node:int): double
+getPheromone(Node:int,Node:int): double
+setPheromone(Node:int,Node:int,Amount:double): void

builds
utility

parser
+giveGraph(filedata:StreamIn): Graph
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+numDouble(): double
+combine(parent:Gene): Gene[2]

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percentage error (%)

14.0

14.0

12.0

12.0

10.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

4.0

r gr17 mode
s

s berlin52 mean
mode
t berlin52
eil101 mean

t eil101 mode

2.0

u tsp225 mean
tsp225 mode

2.0

0.0

-2.0

r gr17 mean

8.0

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0.0

-2.0

m
Gene Value
(q0)

e=v= J:E||+6 8 W>|0|W|Us:E|LW |W

!W%
8>|>|| |688=|8>|WLv|W Lh8|
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1.0

y1.0

0.9

v0.9

0.8

v0.8

0.7

v0.7
v0.6

Gene Value (q0)

0.6

Run
Run
Run
Run
Run

0.5

5
4
3
2
1

v0.5

0.4

v0.4

0.3

v0.3

0.2

v0.2

0.1

v0.1

0.0

v0

100

200

300

400

v v

0.0
500

Iteration

e=v J:>||W |e8@WL8W> 

>|G|W|B @W@ c BW|G
WW
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W|>|B|8cw8!B|s|W|W%WW8
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8=|8G|B5 @|iW8||W
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8 WW||i%|%|hW8 W W#%>|
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$#

NG

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1.0

y1.0

0.9

v0.9
v0.8

0.8
1
|Run
Run 2

v0.7

|Run 3
|Run 4

0.7

Gene Value (q0)

|Run 5
x

0.6

v0.6

0.5

v0.5

0.4

v0.4

0.3

v0.3

0.2

v0.2

0.1

v0.1

0.0

8lk

v0

100

200

300

v v

0.0
500

400

Iteration

e=v ,:B>||W|e80@WW = B!

hg/fhg

$#

o$k5oFrw,lk~}Yb~


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J`$;J`}zgc{

14.0

14.0

12.0

12.0

10.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

8lk

gr17 mean

8.0

berlin52 mean

tsp225 mean

eil101 mean
6.0

gr17 mode

4.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

 0.0

-2.0
-0.02


0.00


0.02


0.04


0.06


0.08


0.10

0.12

mode
berlin52
eil101 mode
tsp225 mode

2.0

-2.0
0.14

Gene Value

e=v J:E|8|+9 8 W>|i0B|vW|Js:E|LW|BW

!W%
Ai|(>|,W|W|!|B
9I8h|Wrw Cc

WE> W |W%|WQ =8LEW5 CUWEW

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W,` 68BBL|W = mciW8%W
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9 8 | Ch0BiW|W v|WUL
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$#

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LD3q:[$g

0.9

|Run 1

v0.9

|Run 4

v0.8

|Run 2
|Run 3

Gene Value (h0)

0.8

Run 5

0.7

v0.7

0.6

v0.6

0.5

v0.5

0.4

v0.4

0.3

v0.3

0.2

v0.2

0.1

v0.1

0.0

y1.0

1.0

<

v0

100

200

300

v v

0.0
500

400

Iteration

e=v J:>||W |eX9I8@WL8W > 

hghg

$#

r=x{rq|r/pqr ZY]

B@;W%W>WB|@W0= |W |

WQ=|sEwmBUQQ%||Wm|
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w>|5|WW w|BWU|L=|L||%WUWm>|
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S_^$R P I

S7^cHaHJL

S_^`L O

S7^cdJd P

S_^$RaKJR

S_^`LJd_U

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y1.0

1.0

0.9

|Run 1

v0.9

|Run 4

v0.8

|Run 2
|Run 3

Gene Value (h0)

0.8

Run 5

0.7

v0.7

0.6

v0.6

0.5

v0.5

0.4

v0.4

0.3

v0.3

0.2

v0.2

0.1

v0.1

0.0

WV `}

v0

100

200

300

v v

0.0
500

400

Iteration

a= !:B>||W|e9,8@WL8W = %B0!

_5|aWv|W %= W|B|+<Gi|%wB! c
%|>||w8|!LiQWQ@WW%W0|=
>|m|r|L5 CiW%Ww#WW%%W|i|
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|W= W|W!
|W>W% i|=| W|W -W
W%LB|sB|WE%WWWQ = vW
QW%BWGv|W| | w|a|G>|GWUWmL=8|Wmh
W|W#L * W W@Wv| W|%W|
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_5|5rL
68i%W W|W WQWh|h=|
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mW 6 8 m%Wm v|WUGW0W0E|W

$#

hgy

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l$k

0|>|W|EW%w0|w8>W|>|0|w||
^ @;>W8|E>wW0 |m0|W _6| 

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14.0

14.0

12.0

12.0

10.0

10.0

8.0

8.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

0.0
2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

gr17 mean
berlin52 mean

eil101 mean

2.0

-2.0

WV `}

tsp225 mean

gr17 mode

berlin52 mode

eil101 mode

tsp225 mode

-2.0
11.0

Gene Value
()
$:Qb*$Q$T+J!T `$N Q7$TQc
QT/N QQc B

T*TQTT Q N cT  $bcM _ $@$

$FT-QMTN T$TQ@BN N:
T:QT:$N $QM TbEfJN:TB6TQ N cQ Qc Q:-
c$T$ cQ@ B-BJT N$$QBb$-BBbb$N
QBTQc Q:CN *Qc$N$TQ:TQB@QT*Qc$bT
TQJQ$$ccJQ-7T$N$Q**$ JT N$*$Q@ 
M  $T-TB:$ cTT$N$QF
(Q$Q@QQcT c$ QT Tc N c$BX@JT
bE@ TQNT!B$M JB*cQ B$cBcQ BJFM
$Q$`$$!BN Qc$Q!T $TTQ N cQ *QT TTFQTTb$Q$
TB$NT$N$QF

W}`}W  `F `FfeK}}L+e

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10.0

Gene Value ()

10.0

9.0

9.0

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

4.0
3.0

3.0
Run
Run
Run
Run
Run

2.0

1
2
3
4
5

2.0

1.0

0.0

WV `}

1.0

v0

100

200

300

400

v v

0.0
500

Iteration

e=v J:>||W|B<@WL8W > !

$#

y10.0

Gene Value ()

10.0

9.0

9.0

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

4.0
3.0

3.0
Run
Run
Run
Run
Run

2.0

1
2
3
4
5

2.0

y1.0

1.0

0.0

v0

100

200

300

400

v v

0.0
500

Iteration

e=vL' J:>||W|B<8WL8W = 

$#

Z



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2180
2170
2160
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2190
2180

2170
2160
2150
2140

2130

2130

2120

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2110

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750.0

725.0

725.0

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700.0

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300.0

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625

600

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575

575

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750.0

725.0

725.0

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400.0

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H$
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4800

4800

KK
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4700

4600

Tour Length

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4700

4600

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E
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4500

4500

4400

4400

4300

4200

100

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