REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION: The reason of doing research is to reveal the ideas, results that yet

to be identified and the suggestions for the further research. Hence the results and the suggestions should be perfectly documented in the form of research report. TYPES OF REPORT: Reports are classified into two Decision oriented report Research oriented report Survey based research report Algorithmic research report Decision oriented report: The decision oriented report having the following steps Problem identification Establishment objectives Generation of decision alternatives Evaluation of decision alternatives Selection of the best decision alternative Development of action plan Provision for correction plan after implementation of the decision

The significant step in research is to corner out the problem, it will induce the value of the research. The objectives of the problem should be listed and the mixture of objectives is taken into account. All possible decision alternatives should be listed and the best combination alternatives selected. These selected alternates are implemented to find solution for the problem. Survey based research report: This type of report consists of the following Problem identification Objectives of the research Research methodology Data analysis Interpretation of results and suggestion Conclusions Algorithmic research report: In reality there are number of problems exists, the researcher have to develop certain algorithms to find out a solution for the problems prevailing and the algorithmic based research can be classified as Algorithmic research report for combinational problem Exact algorithmic research report for polynomial problem

Algorithmic research combinational problem:

report

with

modeling

for

This report will contain the following Problem identification Literature review Objectives of the research Development of mathematical model Design of algorithm Experimentation and comparison of the algorithm with the model in terms of solution accuracy Experimentation and comparison of the algorithm with the best existing algorithm in terms of solution accuracy Case study Conclusions The results obtained through this research is compared with mathematical model and also compared with the existing algorithm for solution accuracy. Exact algorithmic research report for polynomial problem: The report contains, Problem identification Literature review Objectives for the research

Design of exact algorithm Experimentation and comparison of exact algorithm with the best existing algorithm in terms of computational time Case study Conclusions The researcher has to design a efficient exact algorithm and compare it with best existing exact algorithm. Solution accuracy is not termed here because exact algorithm always gives optimal results. Guidelines for reviewing draft: The research report should be reviewed for sufficient times in order to stay away from errors. The key terms to check while reviewing the report are, The text of the report should be free from ambiguity The test should convey the intended message Because the readers are with different profiles, the styles and the presentation of the text of the report should suit with the profile of the targeted group of readers , otherwise the purpose of the report will be lost The content of the report should fully reveal the scope of the research in the logical sequence

without omitting any item and at the same time it should crisp and clear Reports should be in hierarchical form Continuity should be followed in sections and sub sections Entire essence of the research should be disclose in the initial part of the report abstract itself Inferences and conclusion part must explain the research in detailed manner as what said on the abstract part. Abstract and conclusion itself lucidly represent the report content Long sentences should be avoided Tables and figures must be numbered Presentation of the text in the report should be clear so that everyone can understand Report should be in appropriate length. Eg research report 300 to 400 pages , technical report 50 to 75 pages Report format: A standardized format for the report will help the researchers present their contributions and findings more systematically.

Cover pages: The cover page itself must give details about the research, researcher name, department, to which the thesis is, submitted, degree for which it submitted, name of the supervisor, university and college emblem, its address, month and year of submission. Introductory pages: Introductory pages consists of vita, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, list of tables, list of figures and list of variables. Vita: A short bio-data of researcher, It may consists of his or her name, date of birth, the degrees which they are holding currently with institution of studied, experience in sequential order and list of publications. Acknowledgements of the researcher: The researcher must acknowledge the helps which he or she obtain during their research work. The persons who should be acknowledge are research supervisor, organisational head, persons who gave valuable suggestions, data providers and assisting personals.

Abstract: The abstract section should sketch out the research area, the theme of research, the goal to achieve, problems in existing systems, future work and the inferences. Table of contents: Table of contents is the catalogue of the research report which summaries every aspect of the report. List of tables: To snatch easily the data and results are presented in the form of tables. Tables must be numbered and each table should be internally numbered. List of figures: Figures and the charts help to infer the relative comparisons of the results in the research study. if the results are presented in the form of figures the level of understanding is much higher. In addition the decision making logic, algorithmic processing logic etc are also being presented in the form of figures. Each and every figure must be numbered in the report. List of variables: The variables which are used in the report for the better discussion of the research must be defined under this heading.

Text: Here text means the chapters, main sections, sub sections, foot notes and conclusions. Chapters: Research report can be divided into chapters and they are Introduction: The introduction should cover the main theme of the research topic and the scenario in brief. It should cover the objective, concept, research challenges, research methodology and the outcome of the research. Further this should lead to literature review. Literature review: This part will narrow down the research topics this section will discuss about the past contribution and outcomes in research field. As a result of the literature review gives a direction for future research. Objectives and hypotheses: Researcher should come with an objective based on the data discussed in literature review and related hypothesis. Researcher must provide significant number of hypothesis for analysis.

Research methodology: The intention of Research methodology is to finalize the activities and collection procedure and they are Collection of research report Designing of sampling plan Design of experiment Design of questionnaire Determination of sample size Design of sampling frame Execution of survey

After designing the questionnaire researcher should organize the data collection with the help of the interviewers as per the sampling plan. Data analysis: Data analysis

Preliminary Analysis PA

Hypothesis Testing HT

In PA data are represented in the form of graphs and charts, this helps the researcher to come out with some inferences based on these charts and graphs.

In HT different hypotheses is tested .this will reveal the underlying facts of the research problem which helps the researcher to formulate the strategies for research. At the end results will be discussed. Conclusions: This chapter summarizes research findings, contribution of the study and scope for the further research Bibliography: Bibliography is an alphabetical catalogue of different literatures which are used in the research. Literature review helps the researcher to identify the broader area of research and to narrow down the specific research issues. The following are the formats for various items to be entered in the bibliography. Journal articles Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the journal, Volume of the journal, Issue number of the volume, Year of the publication, from- to number of pages in the article. Eg:
Y.Nakagome, K. Itoh, M. Isoda, K. Takeuchi, and M.Aoki,(2002) "Architecture and Design of a High Performance SRAM for low power Applications," Symposium on VLSI Circuits, IEEE International Digest of Technical Papers, pp.82,83.

Books Author(s), Title of the book, Name of the publisher, place of publication, Year of the publication. Eg:
Gopalakrishnan.P, and M.Sundaresan, materials management: An Integrated approach, Prentice hall of India, New Delhi, 1979.

Articles in a book Name of the Author(s), Title of the article, Name of the Editor, Name of publisher, pages, Year of the publication.
Panneerselvam.R, Integrated business logistic a tool for effective supply chain management, supply chain management, sahay, B.S(Ed), macmillan india limited , pp. 336-346, 1999.

Government publications
Ministry of law, government of India, the copyright act,14 of 1957, Delhi, the manager of publications, 1960,p.10.

Conference articles Name of the author(s), Title of the article, Name of the conference proceedings, place of the conference,datemonth-year of the conference,pages if applicable.
F. Zarkeshvari and A. Banihashemi, On implementation of min-sum algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, vol. 2, Nov 2002, pp. 13491353.

Articles in newspapers
Preeti mishra, super computing and drug discovery, the hindu, vol.125,no.298, p.17, December 19, 2002.

More than one item of authors

1. Panneerselvam.R., Efficient heuristics for total covering problem, productivity, vol.36, no.4 1996, pp.649-657. 2. production and operations management, prentice-hall of india, New Delhi,1999.

Research studies
Narayanan.S., development of new efficient heuristic for deterministic assembly line balancing problem, unpublished Ph.D Thesis, School of management, pondichery university, pondichery, November,2000.

When contribution of authors is referred in the main text of the report, the respective authors name and year of publication separated by comma are enclosed within parentheses immediately after the point of reference. Appendices: Any material whose absence within the chapter itself does not affect the flow of reading and grasp of the content Appendices help to grasp the report quickly. It should be placed at the end of the report. List of materials listed below the appendices are, Past research used in current report as a module. Format of questionnaire Original data Intermediate tables of any algorithm Micro level charts and figures Long tables

 Organizational details Each of these items should be referred in respective chapters Typing instructions: Items to be concentrated while typing are papers, margins, indention, spacing between lines and spacing within a sentence. Paper: quarto-size white thick unruled paper is used for printing and printing should be one side. Margins: left and right margin should be 1.5 inch and 1 inch respectively, top and bottom margin should be 1 inch and top margin of pages starting with a chapter should be 3 inch. Indention: paragraphs can be classified into general and indented. First line of the intended paragraph is indented by 10 spaces from the left margin Spacing between lines: reports typed with double spacing except indented paragraphs. Indented paragraphs should be single spacing There should be double spacing between each neighboring pair of these single spaced items

Triple spacing in following conditions Before each paragraph heading Before and after each centre heading, center sub heading, side heading and indented paragraph Spacing within a sentence: There should be a single space occurs at Between words, after a semicolon, after a colon, after a comma, after a full stop, before the first parenthesis or a bracket

Oral presentation: Presentation of research project to the audience of interested group. The presenter should responsible for, that the audience is receiving the essence of the report without any omission. The key points to follow for effective communication to make presentation more effective Identification of purpose to present, the purpose is to inform the audience, selling the idea, persuading, changing the attitude, etc. Knowledge about the mix of the audience

 Presentation should be either beginning of the day or after a break if presenter has the option of selecting time. Audience population should decide the presentation room size. Pre-presentation handout should be provided if needed. Best fitting audio-visual aids should be selected and used. Beginning should be impressive Avoid distracting audience Make involve audience in the presentation Allow questions in between presentation Presenter should analyse the presentation with the gestures by audience and make alive the presentation with his skill.

REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

PRSENTED BY C.SIVAMANI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ANGEL COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TIRUPUR.