Find mean and variance of Poission distribution

Q2.

(a) Discuss selection diversity in detail and show that average SNR improvement
by M branch selection diversity combiner is

k
k =1

(b)

Q3.

(a) Explain ergodic capcity and outage capcity of mIMO system. (b) What is the coding gain? What is the diversity gain? (C) Explain spatial multiplexing. What are the differences between H-BLAST, VBLAST and D-BLAST. Which receiver architectures can be used for these schemes? Solution: Generalize one of them to 8PSK. Explain whether your method of choice is more effective with QPSK than with 8PSK and why that is. Phase-jumps reduction technique can be used to reduce the peak-to-average ratio. This is done be switching between different constellation to avoid 180 degree phase jump. In 8PSK we can choose the two constellations shown below and restrict the phase jump to 7 / 8 by switching between them.

(d) What methods are known to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of QPSKs?

The method is more efficient with QPSK since the phase jumps can be restricted to 3 / 4 .

Q4.

(a) Differentiate between WiFi and WiMAX on the basis of their standards.

(b) Consider a static wireless ad-hoc network with symmetric traffic and Q nodes uniformly placed within a circle of radius 25 km. Assume that the number of nodes Q is very large. Compare the throughput of this network with the throughput of another wireless ad-hoc network that has the same density of nodes per square meter, but has a rectangular shape of 10 km 20 km. Solution: For the first case we have: Q Q density = 2 = . r (25km) 2 And for the other case we have: density = Q Q = . a b 20 km 10km By equating the density of nodes per meter square for the two cases we have:

8 Q 25 From Gupta & Kumar theorem the total throughput of the network scales like the square root of the number of nodes. Therefore: 8 C = C = 0.32C , where C and C are the total throughput of the circular and 25 rectangular cases respectively. Q =

Q5.

(a) What are Wireless Sensor Networks? Discuss their applications to under water communication.

(b) Suppose that you are asked to select a modulation scheme for a system with the following specifications: 1. 2. The bandwidth of the transmit signal has to be less than the data rate. The receiver must be as simple as possible.

Specify your choice out of 4 alternatives below and express your reasons. a) DQPSK c) 16QAM b) GMSK d) BPSK

Solution: The transmit BW is obtained as:

BW = (1 + ) Rs = (1 + )

Rb log 2 M

for M-ary modulation scheme. Where and

Rb are the roll-off factor and bit rate, respectively. To meet the first requirement we (1 + ) 1 , so BPSK and GMSK can not be used, and the second must have: log 2 M
requirement force us to choose DQPSK.