Fluent

direct numerical simulation, DNS

DNS
Navier-Stokes

DNS
DNS

DNS

(large eddy simulation, LES)

LES
N-S

Les
N-S
Reynolds
Reynolds
LES CPU
DNS

Reynolds (Reynolds-averaging equations)

Reynolds

K-E

 k- k-
K-E
DSMASMDSM

k-

DSM
DSM ASM
k- DSM ASM
E

K-E

1 k-
LES
Reynolds k-

FLUENT
Spalart-Allmaras

k-
k-
Renormalization-group (RNG) k-
k-
k-
k-
k-

Spalart-Allmaras
The Spalart-Almares model is a one-equation model that it
something in between an algebraic model like the Baldwin-Lomax
model and a two-equation model like the k-epsilon model. Since it
includes one transported turbulent quantity it has the potential to
include at least some history effects (transportation of turbulent
energy). It is a more modern model than the BL model, but that is
of course not a guarantee that it always produces better results.
The SA model is very robust and is easy to use. For attached flows
it often produces good results. It is popular in aero-space
applications and for quick design-iteration simulations in the turbomachinery field. The SA model rarely produces the completely
unphysical results that a k-epsilon model can produce sometimes.
This has made the SA model quite popular in the last 5 years.

Spalart has also developed a nice DES variant of the SA model,

where the large eddies are resolved and the smaller edies are
modeled using the SA model. This type of hybrid RANS/LES
models have produced very good results for massively separated
flows in aerospace applications - there is a very nice example of a
SA DES simulation of a stalling F18 which you can probably find
on the net if you google a bit.
For heat transfer applications I'd not recommend SA. It often
under-predicts heat-transfer.
Spalart-Allmaras

Spalart-Allmaras

Spalart-Allmaras
FLUENT
Spalart-Allmaras

k-e k-

Spalart-Allmaras

Spalart-Allmaras
wall-bounded

Boussinesq
Spalart-Allmaras

Spalart-Allmaras

Spalart-Allmaras k-

Spalart-Allmaras

k-

 k-

FLUENT k- Launder and

Spalding

-
k-
RNG k- k-
1.RNG k-
RNG k- k-

1. RNG
2.
3. RNG Prandtl k-

4. k- RNG

 RNG k- k-

2. k- ( k- )
k- k-

1. k-
2.
realizable

3. k-

4. k- RNG k- k-
k-
RNG k-
k-
k-
5. k-
k-

k-


k-

k- RNG k- k-
k-
RNG k-
k- k-

k- k-

k-
k-

k-

k- k-
k- Wilcox k-


Wilcox k-

k- SST k- FLUENT

SST k-
SST k- Menter
k- k-
k- k- SST k-
k-
1. ST k- k-
k-
k-
2. SST k-
3.
4. SST k- k-

SST
1. k- k-

2.

RSM
FLUENT RSM
RSM N-S

RSM

RSM
RSM
RSM

cpu
Spalart-Allmaras FLUENT
k-
Spalart-Allmaras
k- k-
RNGk- k- 1015% CPU
k- k-
k- k- RSM
CPU CPU
RSM k-e k- 5060% CPU

 1520%
FLUENT k-
RNG k-
RNG
RSM k- k-

Fleuent GUI
k-
Fluent6.2
viscous model k-

define/models/viscous/turbulence-expert/low-re-k

/define/models/viscous/turbulence-expert> low-re-k
Enable the low-Re k-epsilon turbulence model? [no]
y
low-re-ke model
0
Fluent 6 low-re-ke-index
low-re-ke-index