A Report on Corporate Social Responsibility The report outlines important concerns about Corporate Social Responsibility related to Non-Governmental

organizations. This survey and research done by me in Febmarch 2009 was a precursor and decisive factor for me to enter the non profit sector. I worked with the SLUM REHABILATION SOCIETY which is a pioneer in social work in Mumbai. Corporate Social Responsibility was a well-established tradition in a number of organizations, including families, businesses with a strong ethic of community. NGOs are typically independent of governments. Although the definition can technically include for-profit corporations, the term is generally restricted to social, cultural, legal, and environmental advocacy groups having goals that are primarily noncommercial. It had been great pleasure to be part of this project. It has given me an opportunity to understand how a basic NGO works and has also given a preview of the real life scenario.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that society has of business A concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis". CSR is twofold. On one hand, it exhibits the ethical behavior that an organization exhibits towards its internal and external stakeholders (customers as well as employees). On the other hand, it denotes the responsibility of an organization towards the environment and society in which it operates. Corporate social responsibility is not about planting trees in some vague corner of the world, but about how you do your business and how ethical you are as a corporation.

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Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental, and social imperatives(Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach), People, Planet, and Profit. While at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. In this sense, it is important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a strategic business management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy. Even though the latter can also make a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will

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directly enhance the reputation of a company, and strengthen its brand, the concept of CSR clearly goes beyond that. Promoting the uptake of CSR amongst SMEs requires approaches that fit the respective needs and capacities of these businesses, and do not adversely affect their economic viability. CSR programme on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Approach, which has proven to be a successful tool for SMEs in the developing countries to assist them in meeting social and environmental standards without compromising their competitiveness. The TBL approach is used as a framework for measuring and Reporting corporate performance against economic, social, and environmental performance. It is an attempt to align private enterprises to the goal of sustainable global development by providing them with a more comprehensive set of working objectives than just profit alone. The perspective taken is that for an organization to be sustainable, it must be financially secure, minimize (or ideally eliminate) its negative environmental impacts and act in conformity with societal expectations.

Key CSR issues: Environmental management, eco-efficiency, responsible sourcing, stakeholder engagement, labour standards and working conditions, employee and community relations, social equity, gender balance, human rights, good governance, and anti-corruption measures.

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A properly implemented CSR concept can bring along a variety of competitive advantages such as,

Enhanced access to capital and markets

Increased sales and profits Operational cost savings

Improved productivity and quality Improved brand image and reputation

Efficient human resource base

Enhanced customer loyalty Better decision making

Risk management processes.

CSR ADDS GOODWILL TO THE COMPANY.

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ADVANTAGES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

BETTER FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: Studies and survey reveal that overall financial performance of socially responsible companies has been much better than of other companies. HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY: Better working conditions, employee participation in decision making and environmental protection lead to increase protection lead to increased productivity and better quality work. REDUCTION IN OPERATING COST: Initiatives in corporate social responsibility can reduce operating cost significantly. For example, waste recycling reduces the waste disposal cost and recycle materials generate income. Similarly, work life programs such as flexible time help to reduce hiring and training cost by reducing labour absenteeism and turnover. BRAND EQUITY AND REPUTATION: A socially responsible company enjoys reputation with the public. Companies and brands that enjoy reputation draw customer.

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HIGHER CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND SALES: Companies which are perceived to be socially responsible, enjoy growing market for their products and services. Customers increasingly favour firms which do not employ child labour and which use environment friendly policies and practices. LESSER REGULATIONS: National and local government exercise less control over companies which are perceived to be socially responsible and ethical. Rewards and recognition are conferred on companies which contribute significantly to environment and public health. Such Finns are given preferential treatment in granting permission under various laws.

ACCESS TO PUBLIC MONEY: Companies with high record in corporate social responsibility have better access to capital markets.

ACCESS TO TALENTS: Socially responsible companies find it easier to recruit employees. People prefer to join and stay with such companies.
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STEPS TO IMPLEMENT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT OF VISION AND MIISION: These statements express the basic goals, aspiration, values and strategies of the company. The vision and mission of a socially responsible company generally specify that it will engage in ethical and responsible business practices. It seeks to balance the interest of all the stakeholders while decision making. CSR cannot become an integral part of business decision making if it is not incorporates in companys vision and mission. CORPORATE VALUES: A corporate culture of independent thinking and innovation facilitate s corporate social responsibility. There should be no gap between what the company reaches and practices. Commitment to business ethics is necessary.

STRATEGIES PLANNING: Several companies have incorporates CSR into their long term planning. Specific goals and performance measures are identified for this purpose. The impact of any major business proposal on society is assessed before it is approved.
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EDUCATION AND TRAINING: In order to create awareness in the significance of CSR, education and training is imparted to employees. They are provided information and tools required for discharging job responsibilities. A code of conduct is formulated to guide decision making. ACCOUNTABILITY STATEMENT: Social responsibility goals may be prescribed for different divisions, departments and job positions. Job descriptions are design to contain performance objectives to explain how each employee can contribute to the companys socially responsible performance.

REWARDS AND RECOGNITION: Employees tend to engage in behavior that is rewarded and recognized. Therefore, employees who contribute to CSR need to be rewarded and recognized in recruitment, hiring, promotion, and compensation system. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE:
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Many companies have constituted an executive committee or group to identify and evaluate social responsibility issues and to integrate them into the companys functioning.

SOCIAL REPORTING: Some companies prepare social responsibility reports every year. The report provides audited social performance of the company to the stakeholders. LEADERSHIP ROLES: A few companies take a lead role and persuade other to behave in a more responsible manner. They collaborate and take initiatives to honor CSR committees. The forums like trade association and chamber of commerce are also used for his purpose.

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INTRODUCTION TO NGO
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) came into existence in the year 1910. Constituted organization created by private organizations or people with no participation or representation of any government. in a non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status insofar as it excludes government representatives from membership.

Purpose of NGO:

TO SAFEGUARD PUBLIC INTEREST: Main purpose of NGO is to safeguard public interest. It means do something which is beneficial for the society and taking in to account public interest while doing any business. Ensure public about employment and try to improve standard of living.

To ensure health, safety & environmental values: Business firm should do their business by ensuring healthy and safety to all employees in the organization and should produce environment friendly product which is safety for the societys point of view.

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 To promote social work: Business organization should promote social work provide employment opportunity, provide education to society and create awareness in the society. To help the poor and needy people: It is the main purpose of any business organization to provide help to the poor and needy people by providing them employment opportunities and help them to start their own business what they want. The primary purpose of an operational NGO is the design and implementation of development-related projects. One frequently used categorization is the division into: relief-oriented: or: development-oriented: organizations; they can also be classified according to whether they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious or secular; and whether they are more public or privateoriented. Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international. The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a specific cause. As opposed to operational project management, these organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.
USAID refers to NGOs as private voluntary organizations. However many scholars have argued that this definition is highly problematic as many NGOs are in fact state and corporate funded and managed projects with professional staff. Furthermore it
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has often been argued that USAID is in fact a key arm of American imperialism and that it sets up and supports NGOs in order to further imperial agendas. NGOs exist for a variety of reasons, usually to further the political or social goals of their members or funders. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations.

Methods used by NGOs:NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs and activities primarily. For instance, an NGO such as Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills to find food and clean drinking water.

Public relations:Non-governmental organizations need healthy relationships with the public to meet their goals. Foundations and charities use sophisticated public relations campaigns to raise funds and employ standard lobbying techniques with governments. Interest groups may be of political importance because of their ability to influence social and political outcomes.

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Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the hundreds of millions or billions of dollars. For instance, the budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over US$540 million in 1999. Funding such large budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most NGOs. Major sources of NGO funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, and private donations. Several EU-grants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Even though the term "non-governmental organization" implies independence from governments, some NGOs depend heavily on governments for their funding. A quarter of the US$162 million income in 1998 of the famine-relief organization Oxfam was donated by the British government and the EU. The Christian relief and development organization World Vision collected US$55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government.

Types of NGOs:Apart from "NGO", often alternative terms are used as for example: independent sector, volunteer sector, civil society, grassroots organizations, transnational social movement organizations, private voluntary organizations, selfhelp organizations and non-state actors (NSA's).

Non-governmental organizations are a heterogeneous group. A long list of acronyms has developed around the term "NGO".
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These include:

BINGO is short for business-oriented international NGO, or big international NGO; CSO, short for civil society organization; DONGO: Donor Organized NGO; ENGO: short for environmental NGO, such as Global 2000; GONGOs are government-operated NGOs, which may have been set up by governments to look like NGOs in order to qualify for outside aid or promote the interests of the government in question INGO stands for international NGO;

QUANGOs are quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The ISO is actually not purely an NGO, since its membership is by nation, and each nation is represented by what the ISO Council determines to be the 'most broadly representative' standardization body of a nation. That body might itself be a nongovernmental organization; for example, the United States is represented in ISO by the American National Standards Institute, which is independent of the federal government. However, other countries can be represented by national governmental agencies; this is the trend in Europe.) TANGO: short for technical assistance NGO.

INTRODUCTION TO SLUM REHABILITATION SOCEITY

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SLUM REHABILITATION SOCEITY

Bringing

this vision to reality is our ongoing mission.

Community responsibility is shared between the housing societies and the Mahila Mandals. SRS has assisted the communities in the formation of these groups so that they also address issues of economic upgradation, civic involement and care for the environment. The Slum Rehabilitation Society (SRS) targets individuals and families who have been forced to live in slums because of the absence of affordable housing in the metropolitan area. The ultimate aim is to provide slum dwellers with a legal, selfcontained home having basic amenities such as: a raised kitchen platform, a toilet and a bathroom - conveniences not found in Mumbais slums.
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Slum Rehabilitation in Mumbai is financed by re-housing the slum dwellers in multistoried buildings on one part of the land and selling the other part at commercial rates. If the area is too dense to accommodate both, the rights for developing the commercial area can be transferred to the northern suburbs under the scheme known as TDR (Transferable Development Rights). The idea of a permanent legal home for slum dwellers was mooted and accomplished by SRS even before the Indian government amended the Slum Act to include the Slum Rehabilitation Authority. Since 1972, SRS fundamental activity has been providing and constructing housing. Moreover, SRS is strongly committed to developing and supporting communities, not simply relocating them.

Credibility Alliance Certificate

SRS mobilizes and organizes slum dwellers to improve their living conditions. The organization works with communities, facilitating their relocation to permanent housing, forming housing societies, training former slum dwellers to maintain their homes and helping them develop programs to improve and care for their environment. Capacity building, income generation, education and the empowerment of women and children are all aspects of SRS work, part of a post rehabilitation program designed to help individuals adjust successfully and take charge of their changed lives.

Vision & Mission

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SRS vision is to transform slums into legal, attractive, sustainable settlements, building communities and social institution for assuring a building communities and social institutions for assuring a better quality of life for all. The transformation process is similar to light passing through a prism the light is transformed into its component part, thus creating the breathtaking beauty of the rainbow Transforming slums involve attention to the component factor that make up a better quality of life Stability Improved Health Improvement of Educational standards Community responsibility Economic up gradation Care of Environment Civic involvement

Bringing this vision to reality is our ongoing MISSION. Community responsibility is shared between the housing societies and the Mahila Mandals. SRS has assisted the communities in the formation of these groups so that they also address issues of economic upgradation, civic involvement and care for the environment

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Improving the quality of life of the poor by:

Partnering with various stakeholders Building sustainable social structures Creating environmentally compatible housing for people living in the slums.

Objective of SRS
Direct Objectives To implement its ideas so as to bring about a permanent solution for slums. To enable slum dwellers to live in self contained apartments. To involve slum dwellers in democratic practices, such as, formation of Societies and their management. Indirect Objectives To free the encroached land. To enable slum dwellers to improve their living conditions.

To provide better education, health care and job opportunities.

Other objective of SRS The main other objective of SRS is protect the environment

Economic upgradation

Community responsibility Civic involvement

PROCESS OF SRS
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FIRST PHASE OF THE PROCESS: This phase involved convincing the slum dwellers to move to an alternative area. The immediate advantage being, they would get permanent homes, which implied security as against insecurity of slum settlements. Initially they were not willing to do so mainly due to the difficulties arising out of re-admission to schools, change of jobs due to the two kilometer distance of the identified relocation site, and also because the site had a notorious reputation. The alternative plot of land donated by the Church had no access road. The construction of the access road involved the collectors land, which had to be purchased. In this process no favors were sought. In fact, those who had encroached on the collectors land were absorbed into the housing project. In spite of so many hurdles, hope was never lost. The unshakeable belief that the project was possible was expressed when the dwellers themselves participated through shramdaan, in the construction of the access road. The Church played an important and exemplary role. Not only did it provide the required land, but it also helped in introducing CEBEMO-CORDAID the funding organization to SRS.

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SECOND PHASE OF THE PROCESS The construction began after the initial understanding was arrived at, and SRS took on the total responsibility for the entire project, a feat no NGO has dared to undertake even today. It called for architectural plans. The architect, who was able to accommodate the largest number of units in the identified plot of land, was selected. SRS called for tenders, appointed a contractor, and supervised the construction through additional hired skilled manpower. SRS felt that it was possible to allocate 228 sq.ft. of carpet area to each slum dweller. The cost of construction of each unit was about Rs.13, 000/-. It was therefore decided that 1/3 of the total cost would be borne by the landowners, 113 by the funding organization, 116 by the dwellers and 1110 by SRS. During the construction SRS faced a number of complexities, such as complex approval procedures, interference from local leaders, insecurity of material on site, lack of water due to the high altitude of the rehabilitation site, sourcing of supplies especially at a time when the cement crises was on. Reputed builders stayed away and hence small time contractors were involved in the project. The job, however, did not end with the construction of the buildings. The testing period for most rehabilitation work is the actual shifting of the dwellers. After the initial site visit by the slum dwellers and after they saw the progress of work, the first group of dwellers readily shifted. With their shifting, the school got back a good part of its playground. Incidentally, today the students of the school win many sport trophies in the district. The process of shifting also was full of complexities. The dwellers had become shrewd and demanding, and susceptible to baseless rumors spread by notorious

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slumlords. However, dialogue took care of most of their unreasonable demands and SRS did not compromise on wrong principles.

MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF SRS:

ERADICATE EXTREME POVERY AND HUNGER ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

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 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH COMBAT HIV/AIDS,MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTANABILITY
DEVELOP GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT.

HISTORY

SRS was the first organization dedicated to slum rehabilitation in Mumbai. The organization was founded in 1972 by Adolf Tragler, an Austrian who had been working in welfare services in Mumbai. Mr. Tragler and several-likeminded individuals realized that social services alone were not adequate to improve the lives of people who lived in a slum environment. They founded SRS to offer new housing to slum dwellers, as well as provide social services to facilitate and consolidate their transition out of the slums.
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SRS initially focused on a section of Bandra, a Mumbai suburb, containing 30-odd slum pockets. SRS first rehabilitation project at Mount Mary was a great success. Bishop Longinus Pereira offered one acre of land at Mount Mary on lease basis. The land had no motorable access and was encroached upon by several hutments. It took SRS two years to get access to the land and approval for its building plans. On 19th April 1975, SRS arranged the foundation stone laying function at the site with ShriFakhruddin Ali Ahmad, the then President of India, as the Chief Guest.

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SLUM DWELLERS PARTICIPATING IN THE FIRST PROJECT The first building was completed in 1977, and over the next five years 700 slum dwellers were moved to self-contained units in the new buildings. Each beneficiary contributed approximately one-sixth of the construction cost and demolished their hutment structures, handing over the vacant land to the landowner. The landowner, in return, contributed to the cost of the new housing as did several other donors, establishing the pattern of multiple funding sources SRS has used in many of its subsequent projects.During the 30 years of its existence, SRS has moved 7,000 families from slums to private apartments, including 1,000 units constructed by SRS. The other 6,000 families have moved to buildings constructed by the government. In addition SRS is provided social services to 5,000 families, most of who have moved to housing built by commercial developers.

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THE ORGANISATION
In the year 1970, Adolf Tragler, a young Austrian seminarian came to India as a part of a Missionary group to implement what theology had ingrained in him. He enrolled and completed his Masters in Social Work from Asias 'Tata Institute of Social Science'. As a director he has designed a holistic approach to the problems of slums. SRS is a mature organization that reaches out to 125,000 families and rehabilitated more then 7,000 slum families in multi-storied buildings.

PORTFOLIO

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SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS This are the projects where we actually facilitate the construction of the rehabilitation buildings. SRS helps the slum community to mobilize, organize, construct and shift into the new buildings. We assist them before rehabilitation (collecting signature, submission to SRA, etc) and post rehabilitation (welfare activities, inscription of cooperative societies, etc).

WELFARE ACTIVITIES These activities include installing and running new balwadis (kindergarden), creating self-help groups, mahilamandals and health camps.

CONSULTANCY SRS collaborates with various organizations and offer our expertise & services to improve the quality of life of the slum dwellers. This can comprise of facilitating the shifting process, the transition process and by doing research and documentation.

SRS' philosophy is that four walls do not make a home! SRS offers postrehabilitation - a collection of services, training and support designed to facilitate the transition to life in permanent housing - in all rehabilitated sites. SRS also provides these services as separate service for buildings constructed by other (commercial & government) parties.
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SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECT

SRS' slum rehabilitation projects involve people who have lived in the Mumbai slums for more than 10 years. The Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA), the machinery that regulates all work in Mumbai slum rehabilitation, laid out the eligibility requirements for slum development projects in 1995. Slum Rehabilitation Society is working with a different approach of slum rehabilitation. As a matter of policy, we have been promoting the "self-development" approach. This approach prohibits the profiteering by one individual alone. In the "self-development" approach, the main beneficiaries are the city and the occupants. It lays emphasis on mobilizing the community to get together to develop their own areas so as to become owners of secure homes. In return, the city gets back its reserved spaces for roads, recreation grounds and other amenities. It's the only approach that has an inclusive zoning mechanism for providing sectoral development and affordable housing. The self-development approach lays emphasis on mobilizing the Slum Dwellers to get together and develop their own areas, sell the extra area and prohibit an outsider from carrying away all the profit which has ultimately been derived from the value of the land which they occupy.

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Ganesh Nagar D Project

Ganesh Nagar D is the first Mumbai slum rehabilitation project where the people are the developers and the NGO is the facilitator. The Ganesh Nagar D Society is a housing society whose residents formerly lived in a high density settlement (1100 structures per hectare) on land belonging to the Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC). It consisted of 390 structures with unit sizes between 60 to 150 sq ft. The BMC planned to use the site for municipal housing and a refuse transport station. Slum dwellers began to occupy the land around 1930. SRS has been working with the people in Ganesh Nagar D for about 12 years, with varying intensity. SRS has offered income generation courses, medical checkups, and other welfare activities, while introducing the concept of slum rehabilitation. The development of this area is non-viable for commercial interests, because the area is
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too dense. Working with SRS, the residents of Ganesh Nagar D became aware of self-development as an alternative to commercial development. Under Ganesh Nagar D self-development project, the Society, with SRS assistance, is raising the funds to finance the construction of permanent housing. SRS has secured a bank loan from HDFC Bank on the basis of a guarantee from CORDAID, a Dutch donor organization. As a result, the SRA approved Ganesh Nagar D Cooperative Housing Society as the developer of the project. The project will be financed using transferable development rights, which allow SRS to construct commercial housing in a suburban area, or to sell this right, in exchange for constructing housing for former slum residents. The first of the three planned buildings in Ganesh Nagar D was finished in 2005. 108 families have moved to their new apartments. The other two buildings, which will house an additional 282 families, are under construction. Completion is expected in summer 2008. SRS welfare activities are continuing during construction and will continue once all the families have shifted.

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KORBA MITHAGAR PROJECT

SRS association with KorbaMithagar goes back to 1985, during the Bombay Slum UpgradationProgramme. As part of this programme, SRS was involved in forming cooperative housing societies including several in KorbaMithagar. After several years, the programme was terminated and SRS involvement in KorbaMithagar decreased, but it was revived in 2002 with SRS staff on site. There are now 23 housing societies in KorbaMithagar, represented by a housing Federation. The SRS-staff has played a catalytic role in mobilizing the community and developing plausible rehabilitation options. A rehabilitation project is now in progress with the Federation as the developer and with the assistance of SRS and another NGO, the Federation of Tenants Association. The organizations have drawn up the first physical designs of the area, stipulating that families are given a relatively large apartment (350 sqft rather than the mandatory 225 sqft). SRS and the Federations are planning the development as a township which would incorporate a full range of amenities, including educational institutions, recreation facilities, health centers and commercial facilities.
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Planned development near KorbaMithagar includes highrise residential complexes and an entertainment complex including an IMAX theater. Development in KorbaMithagar is thus extremely attractive viable due to rising real estate values.

POST REHABILITATION
SRS provides post-rehabilitation in all of its sites. Living in apartments is a new experience for slum dwellers. It offers many benefits, but new residents are not accustomed to the complexities of living in buildings. SRS provides postrehabilitation services to assist with this transition and to assure the long-term success of the rehabilitation. Post rehabilitation services help former slum dwellers develop the ability to plan and manage their own living environment. Post-rehabilitation services include training the housing societies, empowering womens groups, building a network to provide pre-school education, income generation projects, solid waste management, activities to beautify the environment, and other services. Physical improvements by themselves cannot improve the overall quality of life for slum dwellers. Unless their economic, social, educational and health conditions change as well, the horizontal slum will simply exist in a vertical form. When working with commercial builders, the builder constructs the buildings and shifts the people, while SRS rebuilds the social structure. SRS also undertakes pre- and postrehabilitation as part of its government consultancy and as part of its own rehabilitation projects. Factors such as geographical location and the culture, education and income levels of the residents influence SRS choice of welfare activities.
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CONSULTANCY
Since the year 2000, Indias government has had a policy of resettling and rehabilitating slum dwellers who are dislocated by infrastructure improvements. These are generally families who are living in structures along the sides of roads that are slated for widening. International funding bodies have required that this rehabilitation policy be implemented when funding several mega projects in Mumbai. More importantly, interest in having a reputation as a humanist city prompts government to take initiative in this direction. SRS consults for the city of Mumbai when government efforts to improve the citys infrastructure dislocate slum dwellers. Specifically, SRS conducts the surveys to determine eligibility for permanent housing, handles the shifting process, and conducts welfare activities before and after shifting. SRS organizes prospective apartment dwellers into registered housing societies and mahilamandals (womens groups) to ensure that the community involvement is democratic. SRS also handles the verification of documents and allotment of flats and other procedural responsibilities. Apart from SRS contractual obligations, the organization also carries out post rehabilitation activities to ensure the smooth transition of slum dwellers into apartments. After taking ownership, new residents need to begin managing building and grounds maintenance as well as maintaining their own units. Many residents also benefit from job training and personal and social development. All these services are conducted under post rehabilitation. As of January 2007, SRS had shifted 5000

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families to government-constructed buildings, with an additional 5000 families in process. TEXT FROM THE ORGANISATION: HOUSING OF SLUM DWELLERS AND WEAKER SECTION IN MUMBAI Mumbai is striving to become a world class city. Slums are major hurdle that prevents this from happening. A free housing scheme introduce by the government does not help much. Out of the nearly two million families/shops existing in slum areas, only about 1,20,000 have been rehabilitated by all construction agencies over the last eleven years. The proliferation of slums surpasses all efforts in the race for a slum free city. Land in Mumbai is most scarce than in any other city in india because it is surrounded by the sea on three sides. Densities in slum areas can ,therefore, be extremely high by adding upper floors, making sub-division , expanding wherever possible. As a consequence, slums do not improve over time not even if a lease title to the land has been granted that is the reason why slum improvement scheme was not really successful in Mumbai. Self-development of slum areas is a planning and implementation method of the people, by the people and for the people. It is an approach that is verbally praised by all but is getting side tracked as being impractical. By making the occupants the center of all planning, more benefits are proposed for them. The profits and benefits available under such schemes are made available to the people on the land.
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The people can opt for homes larger than the mandatory 269 sq. ft. that the builders are giving to the people. They can secure a corpus amount for subsidizing their maintenance cost in the planning, space can be reserved to build affordable or rental housing. There is more attention for internal road planning and connecting these roads to the existing network for all new occupants of the area. Furthermore, the people, who are supported by an NGO, are more concerned to improve the social amenities in their neighborhood, like education and health facilities. We are now glad that rental housing is now high on the governments agenda. The inclusive zoning approach is a solution that incorporates robust legal and institutional provisions and needs to be facilitated by government. The government also needs to assess the entitlement issues , to ensure sustainability and link them to make projects financially viable. In order to start more self-development schemes for slum areas, the government and/or the local authorities need to play a more facilitating role. Experiences have proven that all this self-development projects can be viable; there is only a need for seed money for the commitment process and to pre-finance the construction cost. However, the main stumbling blocks are encountered during approval procedure. The road to world class city will not be easy for Mumbai. The efforts towards it must continue and become much more forceful. The goodwill and energies of the people, not the least of the poor, must be fully utilized for its success. Multidisciplinary approach needs to be adopted and pursued.

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The report that follows indicates how we have translated our belief into action on various counts: Our consultancy to MMRDA Our self- Development schemes SRS community habitat services Most of all, we want our work to be people oriented. On these pages, we let people i.e. project affected persons and even our field staff and health and education partners tell you what improved housing means to them.

METHODLOGY

In SRS was helpful and guided me through the survey slum areas, Balwadi and the health care center. The questions I looked at initially were: 1. What are the expectations of people living in slum areas? 2. Why they are afraid from builders? 3. Why process of constructing building in slum areas take so long time? 4. To explain them the benefits which builder will provide them? 5. Analyze the conflict among people living in slum areas. 6. What medical facilities they are giving during their medical camps?
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Medical camp in Dharavi

CONCLUSION

My motive of doing this research way back in 2009 was initially to give me an idea as how a non profit really operates, and was the precursor to my founding the Art for India Foundation Trust, which assists underprivileged artists My journey during my project was an experience of a lifetime, wherein I came to know how people are living their livelihood and how helping hand to them can change the meaning of life for them.

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From the field trips done I can say that: There is definitely a considerable change seen in the lives of the families residing in the slum area. From the standard of living to the awareness there has been a tremendous change and we certainly can see an upward trend. Got wider perspective on how CSR is implemented as core in the business.

Got a chance to know the problems of the people who live in slum area. Also experienced how to handle community based program, how to create awareness among the people regarding health care, government facilities and etc.

Such programs should be held time to time as they help in upbringing and recognition for the society and the much deprived part of the society also.

The governments activities and co-operations towards the same should also increase, as with their expertise, help and support such activities and programs would reach amazing heights and achieve the desired goals at a faster and more quality manner.

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