Friday, March 18, 2011 (Friday before spring break) Many plants do something really bizarre that is an alteration

of the electron transport system. So we need to know the basic system to understand the change. 4:05 1) electron transfer system NADH oxidation -goal is ATP formation then this PU thing poisons come in handy in playing around in the systems He expects to know how to play with the PU systems in gory details. 8) respiratory inhibitors Practice questions (not required) sent by email; in regards to the textbook edition, he likes them (on reserve on library). Plant of the Day: Manihot esculenta (Cassava or maniov) Ziere - Democratic Republic of Congo (many tropical countries around the world use manihot as a main carbohydrate staple for food) (we only use it for cassava pudding) short shrubby herbs the roots are enormous (4-5 inches across and a couple feet long) and are full of stored carbohydrates (most cultures will take those roots, dry them, & pound them into flower) **RELEVANCE: the roots have very high concentrations of cyanide, which is a respiratory inhibitor (now there are varieties & some have low [cyanide] On the exam, if you saw cassava on the exam, the relevance you should be able to come up with is it contains a respiratory poison or respiratory inhibitor On the other hand, if you saw a question that asked what plant of the day did we use as an example of a plant that contains a respiratory inhibitor (cyanide) = cassava Thats a 10 point question out of 110 points. He usually has 10 real questions (the 11 th question is a bonus question). ---------------We went through glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Lets review. glycolysis: in cytosol: glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + NAD+ 2 pyruvate (full of energy) + 2 NADH + 2ATP TCA cycle: in mitochondrial matrix: 2 pyruvate + 8NAD+ + 2 ADP 6CO2 (complete oxidation releasing ton of electrons, biologically waste product) Couldnt the leaves also respire and recycle that CO2 in photosynthesis? the answer is yes, but they need more than that. but its a waste product of respiration. Where does all the energy in the 2 pyruvates go? primarily to make 8 NADHs, accompanied by protons. Vitamins are these complex organic compounds that we do not make, but yet we need. Riboflavin is converted to the F in here without that you die, yet we dont make it. Plants make them. Niacin makes the N here without NAD+ or FAD+, you die. After glycolysis and the TCA cycle, goal of respiration is to make tons of ATP b/c all the energy in a plant (or animal) requires 440 lbs. of energy/day Maybe we have 30-40 pounds after glycolysis or TCA cycle when its all done in the form of the 2 ATPs produced (energy is in form of NADH and FADH2) Redox power: the goal of the ETS is to convert redox power, energy in the form of reduced electrons to phosphorylation power The ETS occurs inside the inner mitochondrial membrane, using about 20 redox compounds that are embedded in the membrane and a few on the membrane redox compounds in other words proteins & other molecules that become reduced & oxidized. so the reduction occurs in the electron transfer compounds embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane and the electrons move from one compound to another, according to the energetics of each of these compounds. its a series of redox compounds Hes more interested in how it works in detail (but wont bog you down with all the names of the compounds) catalyzing redox reactions (often called enzymes). when they become reduced (when picking up an electron), may also accept proton along with the electrons (when oxidized must also get rid of the protons) other redox compounds, when reduced, cannot accept protons (protons have nothing to do with it) furthermore, electrons in this system of the 20 redox compounds some of the compounds can only be reduced and oxidized one electron at a time we will assume the pair of electrons move throughout the system (do keep in mind, sometimes electron transfer system move one or two at a time) at 23:00, lets cut to the chase. this diagram is probably the most important feature.